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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of highly effective treatments, the contemporary burden of disease remains huge. Digital health interventions hold promise to improve further the quality and experience of cardiovascular care. This position paper provides a brief overview of currently existing digital health applications in different cardiovascular disease settings. It provides the reader with the most relevant challenges for their large-scale deployment in Europe. The potential role of different stakeholders and related challenges are identified, and the key points suggestions on how to proceed are given. This position paper was developed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) e-Cardiology working group, in close collaboration with the ESC Digital Health Committee, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions and the Council on Hypertension. It relates to the ESC's action plan and mission to play a pro-active role in all aspects of the e-health agenda in support of cardiovascular health in Europe and aims to be used as guiding document for cardiologists and other relevant stakeholders in the field of digital health.

In a recent study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Mathers et al. (2005)discussed the current status of global reporting of mortality data, and several indicators of quality and completeness of coded data were examined. Unfortunately, no recognition was attributed to the capacity, knowledge and skills of individual coders to impact upon the quality of the data (Walker 2006). This paper explores some of the quality issues relating to coders, as identified in an international needs assessment study conducted through a joint collaboration between the Education Committee of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC) and the International Federation of Health Records Organizations (IFHRO ) (Walker & McKenzie 2004). The study provides the first comprehensive view of coders of mortality and morbidity data internationally. This paper reports selected results from that survey, highlighting the need for recognised standards of uniform education for coders internationally.

Social responsibility issues keep reoccurring despite the popularity of numerous approaches perceived widely as adequate. In this paper, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to explore this phenomenon from a systems thinking standpoint. The findings revealed that each approach is founded on a different systemic paradigm, makes different assumptions on the nature of social responsibility issues, and has different objectives when resolving them. Therefore, employing any of these approaches alone will certainly fail given their underlying systemic limitations. The findings also revealed that these approaches are complementary from a critical systems thinking perspective, hence, researchers and practitioners can use their tools and methods together in the form of tailored interventions to better address efficiency, subjectivity, and fairness when resolving social responsibility issues. This paper concludes by proposing a practical framework based on critical systems practice which encompasses four systemic paradigms allowing the inclusion of a spectrum of perspectives, and assumptions.

Macro econometrics has been recently affected by the so-called ‘Google Econometrics’. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the subject by the regional and spatial sciences where the Big Data revolution is challenging the conventional econometric techniques with the availability of a variety of non- traditionally collected data (such as, e. g., crowdsourcing, web scraping, etc) which are almost invariably geo-coded. However, these unconventionally collected data represent only what in statistics is known as a “convenience sample” that does not allow any sound probabilistic inference. This paper aims at making aware researchers of the consequence of the unwise use of such data in the applied work and to propose a technique to minimize such the negative effects in the estimation of spatial regression. The method consists of manipulating the data prior their use in an inferential context.

This paper summarises the development of a state-of-art impact testing machine for simulating impacts such as vehicular crashes or debris impacts onto structures. The machine has a 200 kg pneumatically powered projectile which can travel horizontally within the barrel of the machine with a maximum velocity of 50 m/s to impact the target structure. The maximum kinetic energy that can be generated by the projectile is 125 kJ by using different combinations of mass and velocity. The diameter of the projectile is 214 mm, and its impacting face can be changed to different shapes, such as flat circle, flat square or an elliptical nose to suit different impact scenarios. An innovative braking mechanism incorporating a crush tube is attached within the barrel to ensure safety when the projectile fails to be restrained by the impact. The crush tube can absorb the maximum imparted by the moving projectile. An advanced data acquisition system is installed to collect quantitative and qualitative test data during a period of 50 ms to 1 s. Two high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) cameras are attached and synchronised with the operation of the impact testing machine to record the images at the rate of 50,000 frames per second. Outputs in terms of strains, deformations, accelerations of the target structure with a record of damage history can be analysed using this 3D DIC technique. The paper also briefly presents the first application of this machine for impact testing masonry wall structures.

Auxetic materials, possessing negative Poisson’s ratios (NPRs), have the ability to shrink (or expand) in the lateral direction under an axial compressive (or tensile) force respectively. Due to this unique feature, an auxetic material is found to sustain high energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and shear resistance and thus regarded as one of the future materials in the field of impact protection. However, civil engineering applications of auxetic structures or materials are minimal due to miscellaneous restrictions on NPR effects. Accumulative developments in auxetics have facilitated their applications in cementitious materials in recent years. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the development of auxetic cementitious composites and analyses and summarises their mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Prior to extensive finite element simulations, more attention has been given to the limited experimental results. Particular attention is paid to the expansionary feasibility of the parent material to introduce auxetic behaviour, with precise identification of the limitations, innovative composition methods and facilitation of auxetic features. Finally, the paper outlines the limitations of the current research and envisages few future research opportunities in auxetic cementitious composites.

Background And Aims: Operating rooms contribute between 20-70% of hospital waste. This study aimed to evaluate the waste burden of neurointerventional procedures performed in the Radiology department and to identify areas for waste reduction and improving greening initiatives. Method(s): We performed a waste audit of 17 neurointerventional procedures at a tertiary-referral centre over a 3 month period (November 2019 to January 2020). Waste was categorised into five streams: general waste, clinical waste, recyclable plastics, recyclable paper and sharps. The Radiology department started recycling soft plastic from 13 December 2019. Hence, an additional recyclable soft plastic waste stream was added. The weight of each waste stream was measured using a digital weighing scale. Result(s): Waste from seven cerebral digital subtraction angiograms (DSA), six endovascular clot retrievals (ECR), two aneurysm coiling procedures, one coiling with tumour embolisation and one dural arteriovenous fistula embolisation procedure was measured. Seventeen procedures generated 135.3kg of waste in total: 85.5kg (63.2%) clinical waste, 28.0kg (20.7%) general waste, 14.7kg (10.9%) recyclable paper, 3.5kg (2.6%) recyclable plastic, 2.2kg (1.6%) recyclable soft plastic and 1.4kg (1.0%) of sharps. An average of 8.0kg of waste was generated per case. Coiling cases produced the greatest waste burden (13.1kg), followed by embolisation (10.3kg), ECR (8.8kg) and DSA procedures (5.1kg). Conclusion(s): Neurointerventional procedures generate a substantial amount of waste. Green practices such as engaging with suppliers to revise procedure packs and reduce packaging, digitising paper instructions, opening devices only when necessary, implementing additional recycling programs and appropriate waste segregation have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of our speciality.

Background And Aims: Operating rooms contribute between 20-70% of hospital waste. This study aimed to evaluate the waste burden of neurointerventional procedures performed in the Radiology department and to identify areas for waste reduction and improving greening initiatives. Method(s): We performed a waste audit of 17 neurointerventional procedures at a tertiary-referral centre over a 3 month period (November 2019 to January 2020). Waste was categorised into five streams: general waste, clinical waste, recyclable plastics, recyclable paper and sharps. The Radiology department started recycling soft plastic from 13 December 2019. Hence, an additional recyclable soft plastic waste stream was added. The weight of each waste stream was measured using a digital weighing scale. Result(s): Waste from seven cerebral digital subtraction angiograms (DSA), six endovascular clot retrievals (ECR), two aneurysm coiling procedures, one coiling with tumour embolisation and one dural arteriovenous fistula embolisation procedure was measured. Seventeen procedures generated 135.3kg of waste in total: 85.5kg (63.2%) clinical waste, 28.0kg (20.7%) general waste, 14.7kg (10.9%) recyclable paper, 3.5kg (2.6%) recyclable plastic, 2.2kg (1.6%) recyclable soft plastic and 1.4kg (1.0%) of sharps. An average of 8.0kg of waste was generated per case. Coiling cases produced the greatest waste burden (13.1kg), followed by embolisation (10.3kg), ECR (8.8kg) and DSA procedures (5.1kg). Conclusion(s): Neurointerventional procedures generate a substantial amount of waste. Green practices such as engaging with suppliers to revise procedure packs and reduce packaging, digitising paper instructions, opening devices only when necessary, implementing additional recycling programs and appropriate waste segregation have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of our speciality.

This paper examines whether Amartya Sen’s entitlements and capabilities concepts can be transferred in their application from low-income countries to high-income countries, specifically Cumbria, Northern England. Originally used to understand the causes of famine, these concepts have previously been used in several different geographical contexts to broadly understand poverty and inequality but almost entirely in low-income countries. This paper applies these concepts to a United Kingdom context in an attempt to understand the causes of poverty and inequality among people experiencing “livelihood crisis.” The research uses data from two nongovernmental social welfare projects to examine the causes of crisis and the remedial effects of the intervention. Our findings indicate that these concepts can help to explain how people find themselves in crisis in Cumbria. On a broader level, they can also be used to explain poverty, inequality, and disadvantage in communities in the United Kingdom. The authors put forward that entitlements and capabilities provide a useful framework to advance the policy and political debate on the causes of poverty by providing a straightforward language and broad application. Entitlement and capabilities can also assist social welfare programs in framing their aims and objectives and through improved understanding about the causes of inequality, will be better able to support people out of disadvantage by strengthening entitlements and building capabilities, without the necessity of large-scale investment.

Financial citizenship is crucial in our modern world. Financial citizenship is underpinned by the education of future generations so that they can understand both their local and global economies to make the best financial decisions concerning their lives. This paper discusses financial literacy, how it relates to individual citizens, and how it correlates with social, political and business spheres. According to current financial capability models, every individual’s financial well-being can be boosted by developing their financial knowledge and competency, which will improve their motivations and confidence. Societal constructs significantly create financial socialization, which increases our accessibility and engagements with institutions, businesses, political systems and society as a whole. Being educated about the details required for financial literacy is every human being’s right. Citizens have been characterized as being personally responsible, participatory or justice oriented; each person’s specific perspective can impact their financial lives, which supports the importance of the current concept of financial citizenship. Boosting global education about economic citizenship will help to reduce poverty, create more sustainable economic environments, and improve social outcomes and the life satisfaction of the world population. These concepts will be explored and discussed in this paper., QC 20211002

Drawing on biographical narratives of two gay men in mixed-orientation marriage who have later gone on to establish re-partnership with another gay man, this paper seeks to critique the inherent heteronormativity in the discussion around re-partnership. It examines the consequential kinship dynamics among concerned social actors such as gay men, straight women, and their biological children, and their ongoing negotiations with the social institutions of marriage and family. Further, the discussion around re-partnership between two gay men in a Western context does not necessarily consider the alternative negotiations that characterize South Asian queer experiences. Borrowing from De Villiers’ concept of queer opacity (2012) and Jingshu Zhu’s (2017) ambivalence, the paper demonstrates that the kinning process of gay men in mixed-orientation marriage forging partnership with other gay men exists in a continuum. The boundary between what needs to be undone and what needs to be redone is porous, ambiguous, and interpenetrative. In that case, this paper suggests a non-Western framework to understand re-partnership in non-normative conjugality. © The Author(s) 2020.

Drawing on biographical narratives of two gay men in mixed-orientation marriage who have later gone on to establish re-partnership with another gay man, this paper seeks to critique the inherent heteronormativity in the discussion around re-partnership. It examines the consequential kinship dynamics among concerned social actors such as gay men, straight women, and their biological children, and their ongoing negotiations with the social institutions of marriage and family. Further, the discussion around re-partnership between two gay men in a Western context does not necessarily consider the alternative negotiations that characterize South Asian queer experiences. Borrowing from De Villiers’ concept of queer opacity (2012) and Jingshu Zhu’s (2017) ambivalence, the paper demonstrates that the kinning process of gay men in mixed-orientation marriage forging partnership with other gay men exists in a continuum. The boundary between what needs to be undone and what needs to be redone is porous, ambiguous, and interpenetrative. In that case, this paper suggests a non-Western framework to understand re-partnership in non-normative conjugality. © The Author(s) 2020.

Drawing on biographical narratives of two gay men in mixed-orientation marriage who have later gone on to establish re-partnership with another gay man, this paper seeks to critique the inherent heteronormativity in the discussion around re-partnership. It examines the consequential kinship dynamics among concerned social actors such as gay men, straight women, and their biological children, and their ongoing negotiations with the social institutions of marriage and family. Further, the discussion around re-partnership between two gay men in a Western context does not necessarily consider the alternative negotiations that characterize South Asian queer experiences. Borrowing from De Villiers’ concept of queer opacity (2012) and Jingshu Zhu’s (2017) ambivalence, the paper demonstrates that the kinning process of gay men in mixed-orientation marriage forging partnership with other gay men exists in a continuum. The boundary between what needs to be undone and what needs to be redone is porous, ambiguous, and interpenetrative. In that case, this paper suggests a non-Western framework to understand re-partnership in non-normative conjugality. © The Author(s) 2020.

Drawing on biographical narratives of two gay men in mixed-orientation marriage who have later gone on to establish re-partnership with another gay man, this paper seeks to critique the inherent heteronormativity in the discussion around re-partnership. It examines the consequential kinship dynamics among concerned social actors such as gay men, straight women, and their biological children, and their ongoing negotiations with the social institutions of marriage and family. Further, the discussion around re-partnership between two gay men in a Western context does not necessarily consider the alternative negotiations that characterize South Asian queer experiences. Borrowing from De Villiers’ concept of queer opacity (2012) and Jingshu Zhu’s (2017) ambivalence, the paper demonstrates that the kinning process of gay men in mixed-orientation marriage forging partnership with other gay men exists in a continuum. The boundary between what needs to be undone and what needs to be redone is porous, ambiguous, and interpenetrative. In that case, this paper suggests a non-Western framework to understand re-partnership in non-normative conjugality. © The Author(s) 2020.

In this article, we discuss the methodological implications of data and theory integration for Theory-Based Evaluation (TBE). TBE is a family of approaches to program evaluation that use program theories as instruments to answer questions about whether, how, and why a program works. Some of the groundwork about TBE has expressed the idea that a proper program theory should specify the intervening mechanisms underlying the program outcome. In the present article, we discuss in what way data and theory integration can help evaluators in constructing and refining mechanistic program theories. The paper argues that a mechanism is both a network of entities and activities and a network of counterfactual relations. Furthermore, we argue that although data integration typically provides information about different parts of a program, it is the integration of theory that provides the most important mechanistic insights.

Background: There is a growing need for researchers to demonstrate impact, which is closely linked with research translation. The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery (CRE-Stroke) is a community of researchers conducting different types of stroke rehabilitation research. Aim(s): To explore opinions about research translation (scope, importance, responsibility and perceived skill) held by researchers conducting pre-clinical and clinical stroke rehabilitation research. Method(s): Mixed-methods study, comprising a paper-based survey followed by semi-structured interviews. Interview data were inductively coded and thematically analysed. Result(s): 57 researchers attending a CRE-Stroke research forum completed paper-based surveys. 22 researchers affiliated with CRE-Stroke participated in semi-structured interviews. Research translation was described in terms of translating to other research and translating to clinical practice and policy. Most researchers (98%) reported that translation was important but inconsistent opinions about translating discovery research were expressed. Most researchers perceived they were responsible for translating their research via publication, and 80% reported that publication signalled completion of a project. Differing opinions about who should be responsible for translating findings to clinical practice were expressed. Inadequate skills and knowledge and inconsistent terminology were identified as barriers to translation. Conclusion(s): Researchers expressed confidence to translate their research via the traditional mechanism of publications. Clarity is needed regarding who is best placed to translate research findings to clinical practice and policy. Skills development and training to apply broader translation processes, along with dedicated funding support, are needed to maximise translation and impact.

Chinese tourism demands in Australia have increased exponentially in recent time, driven largely by increases in the number of visitors. The hidden important fact of this market is its high price sensitivity, which is vital to the growth of the dominant Chinese tourism segment in the total inbound sector of the country. This paper addresses a concern of the tourism industry regarding a possible policy change on tourist visa fee for Chinese nationals that potentially has adverse impacts on the economy. The paper demonstrates that the revenue objective of increases in visa fee for Chinese visitors is unlikely to be a successful policy, as it will take a long time for the visa revenue to compensate for the losses of gross domestic product. In the extreme, the GDP losses may never be compensated adequately by the increased visa revenue.

Background: There is a growing need for researchers to demonstrate impact, which is closely linked with research translation. The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery (CRE-Stroke) is a community of researchers conducting different types of stroke rehabilitation research. Aim(s): To explore opinions about research translation (scope, importance, responsibility and perceived skill) held by researchers conducting pre-clinical and clinical stroke rehabilitation research. Method(s): Mixed-methods study, comprising a paper-based survey followed by semi-structured interviews. Interview data were inductively coded and thematically analysed. Result(s): 57 researchers attending a CRE-Stroke research forum completed paper-based surveys. 22 researchers affiliated with CRE-Stroke participated in semi-structured interviews. Research translation was described in terms of translating to other research and translating to clinical practice and policy. Most researchers (98%) reported that translation was important but inconsistent opinions about translating discovery research were expressed. Most researchers perceived they were responsible for translating their research via publication, and 80% reported that publication signalled completion of a project. Differing opinions about who should be responsible for translating findings to clinical practice were expressed. Inadequate skills and knowledge and inconsistent terminology were identified as barriers to translation. Conclusion(s): Researchers expressed confidence to translate their research via the traditional mechanism of publications. Clarity is needed regarding who is best placed to translate research findings to clinical practice and policy. Skills development and training to apply broader translation processes, along with dedicated funding support, are needed to maximise translation and impact.

A significant body of research in the field of human-animal studies has focused on animals who live alongside humans within the home, with such animals often considered family members. To date, however, this research has focused almost exclusively on the experiences of heterosexual cisgender people, overlooking other diverse genders and/or sexualities. This paper seeks to address this gap by reporting on findings from a study of 503 people living in Australia or the United Kingdom. Specifically, the research sought to explore links between psychological distress, social support, family violence, and views about animal companions.Notable amongst the findings was an interaction between having experienced familial violence and living with an animal companion, and the impact of both on psychological distress and social support. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the findings for better understanding the lives of people of diverse genders and/or sexualities.

Astoundingly, looking at a photograph with one eye can yield an experience of depth of the depicted objects similar to that from viewing the real objects with both eyes. Édouard Claparède (1873–1940) was one of the first to report this phenomenon in a French paper published in 1904. I give some historical and theoretical context to the phenomenon, provide some biographical information about Claparède, and provide a translation into English of Claparède’s paper.

Gottfried Wilhelm Osann (1796–1866) was a German scientist most renowned for his work in chemistry and physics. However, inspired by Goethe’s work on color, he published a paper on simultaneous color contrast in 1833 using a method that is similar to that of later authors: reflection of an achromatic spot from an angled piece of glass. He wrote at least four more papers on color contrasts, in 1836 using essentially the same method as credited to others. We provide a description and translation of Osann’s 1833 paper and the relevant part of his 1836 paper, say why these papers are interesting and important, give some biographical information about Osann, comment on the fate of Osann’s papers, and describe Osann’s other papers on color.

Astoundingly, looking at a photograph with one eye can yield an experience of depth of the depicted objects similar to that from viewing the real objects with both eyes. Édouard Claparède (1873–1940) was one of the first to report this phenomenon in a French paper published in 1904. I give some historical and theoretical context to the phenomenon, provide some biographical information about Claparède, and provide a translation into English of Claparède’s paper.

Gottfried Wilhelm Osann (1796–1866) was a German scientist most renowned for his work in chemistry and physics. However, inspired by Goethe’s work on color, he published a paper on simultaneous color contrast in 1833 using a method that is similar to that of later authors: reflection of an achromatic spot from an angled piece of glass. He wrote at least four more papers on color contrasts, in 1836 using essentially the same method as credited to others. We provide a description and translation of Osann’s 1833 paper and the relevant part of his 1836 paper, say why these papers are interesting and important, give some biographical information about Osann, comment on the fate of Osann’s papers, and describe Osann’s other papers on color.

The paper challenges dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations. While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select most appropriate project arrangements to fit the particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects tend to imitate each other’s structures, strategies and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. The paper builds on the notion of the project as a temporary organization to conceptualize the project-based organization as an organizational field of temporary organizations. Thus the paper draws upon the new institutionalism in organizational analysis in order to discuss isomorphism pressures on temporary organizations within project-based organizations and to explicate these processes. The paper concludes with the discussion of a number of implications of the results for both theory and practice., QC 20170118QC 20230630

The paper challenges dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations. While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select most appropriate project arrangements to fit the particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects tend to imitate each other’s structures, strategies and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. The paper builds on the notion of the project as a temporary organization to conceptualize the project-based organization as an organizational field of temporary organizations. Thus the paper draws upon the new institutionalism in organizational analysis in order to discuss isomorphism pressures on temporary organizations within project-based organizations and to explicate these processes. The paper concludes with the discussion of a number of implications of the results for both theory and practice., QC 20170118QC 20230630

The paper challenges dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations. While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select most appropriate project arrangements to fit the particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects tend to imitate each other’s structures, strategies and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. The paper builds on the notion of the project as a temporary organization to conceptualize the project-based organization as an organizational field of temporary organizations. Thus the paper draws upon the new institutionalism in organizational analysis in order to discuss isomorphism pressures on temporary organizations within project-based organizations and to explicate these processes. The paper concludes with the discussion of a number of implications of the results for both theory and practice., QC 20170118QC 20230630

This paper draws on two experiences of undertaking comparative research in England, Sweden and Italy, and offers a discussion of the kinds of dilemmas raised in relation to language and meaning surfaced by these. Its primary focus is to examine the reflexive construction of meaning, both in relation generally to the workings of an international research team and, more specifically, how such construction of meaning impacts on the process of qualitative interviewing across linguistic and cultural boundaries. The article argues that a culture of reflexive research practice is helpful for approaching national differences, to facilitate understanding in internationally mixed research teams and to support and empower participants in research, in second languages and differing cultures. Overall, the paper attempts to advance some tentative ideas that other international researchers may be able to consider and deploy in relation to their own research ambitions.

The paper challenges dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations. While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select most appropriate project arrangements to fit the particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects tend to imitate each other’s structures, strategies and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. The paper builds on the notion of the project as a temporary organization to conceptualize the project-based organization as an organizational field of temporary organizations. Thus the paper draws upon the new institutionalism in organizational analysis in order to discuss isomorphism pressures on temporary organizations within project-based organizations and to explicate these processes. The paper concludes with the discussion of a number of implications of the results for both theory and practice., QC 20170118QC 20230630

Objective: Cariprazine is the third partial dopamine agonist now available in Australia. This paper will review the properties, evidence and likely clinical place of cariprazine. Conclusion(s): Cariprazine is a partial agonist with high affinity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, partial agonism at 5HT1a receptors, moderate 5HT2a and H1 antagonism and no anticholinergic activity. It is rapidly absorbed, is unaffected by food, achieves a peak plasma level in 4-8 hours and has high bioavailability. The half-life of cariprazine and its metabolites is long (7-8 days); steady state occurs in 4-8 weeks. It is hepatically metabolized via 3A4 cytochrome enzymes. Cariprazine is an effective antipsychotic in acute schizophrenia in both short and longer placebo-controlled studies. Cariprazine appears to have small advantages in negative symptoms of schizophrenia. While not approved for bipolar disorder, cariprazine is effective in mania and mixed states but requires doses higher than current maximums recommended. Cariprazine causes more akathisia than aripiprazole or brexpiprazole but is less prone to insomnia, weight gain and sedation. Risks for hyperprolactinaemia and QTc prolongation are low. Cariprazine is another 'metabolically-friendly' antipsychotic for schizophrenia, with advantages for those with negative symptoms, mood symptoms or problems with adherence.Copyright © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2022.

Objective: Cariprazine is the third partial dopamine agonist now available in Australia. This paper will review the properties, evidence and likely clinical place of cariprazine. Conclusion(s): Cariprazine is a partial agonist with high affinity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, partial agonism at 5HT1a receptors, moderate 5HT2a and H1 antagonism and no anticholinergic activity. It is rapidly absorbed, is unaffected by food, achieves a peak plasma level in 4-8 hours and has high bioavailability. The half-life of cariprazine and its metabolites is long (7-8 days); steady state occurs in 4-8 weeks. It is hepatically metabolized via 3A4 cytochrome enzymes. Cariprazine is an effective antipsychotic in acute schizophrenia in both short and longer placebo-controlled studies. Cariprazine appears to have small advantages in negative symptoms of schizophrenia. While not approved for bipolar disorder, cariprazine is effective in mania and mixed states but requires doses higher than current maximums recommended. Cariprazine causes more akathisia than aripiprazole or brexpiprazole but is less prone to insomnia, weight gain and sedation. Risks for hyperprolactinaemia and QTc prolongation are low. Cariprazine is another 'metabolically-friendly' antipsychotic for schizophrenia, with advantages for those with negative symptoms, mood symptoms or problems with adherence.Copyright © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2022.

CRITCON-Pandemic levels with an associated operational responsibility matrix were recently published by the Intensive Care Society as a modification to Winter Flu CRITCON levels, to better account for differences between a winter flu surge in critical care activity and the capacity challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we propose an expansion and explanation of the operational matrix to suggest a stepwise ethical approach to clinician responsibility. We propose and outline the main ethical risks created at each level and discuss how those risks can be mitigated through a balanced application of the predominant ethical principle which in turn provides practical guidance to clinician responsibility. We thus seek to specify the ethical and legal principles that should be used in applying the operational matrix, and what the practical effects could be.

The aim of this special issue is to showcase research on policing in Pacific Island countries and territories. Specifically, the issue is concerned with contextual responses to police service provision, the tensions that impact police/community relations, issues of police legitimacy, the role of context and organisational culture, and the changing face of crime and criminality. We have given primary consideration to papers that report empirical research and reflect on how the policing remit in the Pacific region extends beyond mandated functions. These include roles related to stakeholder demands informed by emerging crimes and rule of law, donor intervention, and the social, political or economic realities of the specific Pacific Island countries or territories.

Service-learning is used by universities to promote community engagement thatbenefits both the students and the recipient community; however, evidence largely demonstrates only the shortterm effects of such experiences. This paper presents ananalysis of the transformational learning of a group of Australian students who travelled to Fiji in an organised service-learing project. Using Kiely's model oftransformational learning, this case study describes the dissonance felt by a sub-groupof three (n = 3) students, from a cohort of thirteen (n = 13), who subsequently used this transformational learning to make major changes in their career and life goals. Rather than being adversely affected by the dissonance they experienced, these students used this learning as an opportunity for personal and professional growth. These findings support the notion that service-learning has the potential to provide students with challenging, life-changing opportunities that can have long-lasting effects.

Objective: Cariprazine is the third partial dopamine agonist now available in Australia. This paper will review the properties, evidence and likely clinical place of cariprazine. Conclusion(s): Cariprazine is a partial agonist with high affinity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, partial agonism at 5HT1a receptors, moderate 5HT2a and H1 antagonism and no anticholinergic activity. It is rapidly absorbed, is unaffected by food, achieves a peak plasma level in 4-8 hours and has high bioavailability. The half-life of cariprazine and its metabolites is long (7-8 days); steady state occurs in 4-8 weeks. It is hepatically metabolized via 3A4 cytochrome enzymes. Cariprazine is an effective antipsychotic in acute schizophrenia in both short and longer placebo-controlled studies. Cariprazine appears to have small advantages in negative symptoms of schizophrenia. While not approved for bipolar disorder, cariprazine is effective in mania and mixed states but requires doses higher than current maximums recommended. Cariprazine causes more akathisia than aripiprazole or brexpiprazole but is less prone to insomnia, weight gain and sedation. Risks for hyperprolactinaemia and QTc prolongation are low. Cariprazine is another 'metabolically-friendly' antipsychotic for schizophrenia, with advantages for those with negative symptoms, mood symptoms or problems with adherence.Copyright © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2022.

Background: Problems in physical, mental and social well-being are common in survivors of stroke. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective in people with chronic illnesses and have the potential to address many of the unmet needs reported by survivors of stroke. Aim(s): To systematically evaluate published evidence, using the Cochrane methods for systematic review, on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the physical, mental and social well-being of survivors of stroke. Method(s): The OvidMedline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials, and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1990 to 2014 for studies examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in stroke populations. Papers where the results of randomized controlled trials and pre-post design studies were reported were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of extracted manuscripts was assessed and results collated. Result(s): Seven eligible papers were identified and reviewed (5 randomized controlled trials (RCT); 2 pre-post studies); with 1/7 studies judged as low risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence, using the GRADE approach, was moderate. Interpretation of results was limited by heterogeneity between studies (e.g. dosage, frequency), and small samples. Nonetheless, the mindfulness-based interventions showed consistent indicators of effectiveness for improving mental well-being, quality of life cognitive function and a range of physiological or functional improvements. No adverse events were reported. Retention rates exceed >75% for most interventions. Conclusion(s): Mindfulness-based interventions may be effective for ameliorating the long-term consequences of stroke. Large well designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings in survivors of stroke.

Background: Problems in physical, mental and social well-being are common in survivors of stroke. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective in people with chronic illnesses and have the potential to address many of the unmet needs reported by survivors of stroke. Aim(s): To systematically evaluate published evidence, using the Cochrane methods for systematic review, on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the physical, mental and social well-being of survivors of stroke. Method(s): The OvidMedline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials, and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1990 to 2014 for studies examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in stroke populations. Papers where the results of randomized controlled trials and pre-post design studies were reported were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of extracted manuscripts was assessed and results collated. Result(s): Seven eligible papers were identified and reviewed (5 randomized controlled trials (RCT); 2 pre-post studies); with 1/7 studies judged as low risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence, using the GRADE approach, was moderate. Interpretation of results was limited by heterogeneity between studies (e.g. dosage, frequency), and small samples. Nonetheless, the mindfulness-based interventions showed consistent indicators of effectiveness for improving mental well-being, quality of life cognitive function and a range of physiological or functional improvements. No adverse events were reported. Retention rates exceed >75% for most interventions. Conclusion(s): Mindfulness-based interventions may be effective for ameliorating the long-term consequences of stroke. Large well designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings in survivors of stroke.

This paper discusses the use of observational video recordings to document young children’s use of technology in their homes. Although observational research practices have been used for decades, often with video-based techniques, the participant group in this study (i.e., very young children) and the setting (i.e., private homes), provide a rich space for exploring the benefits and limitations of qualitative observation. The data gathered in this study point to a number of key decisions and issues that researchers must face in designing observational research, particularly where non-researchers (in this case, parents) act as surrogates for the researcher at the data collection stage. The involvement of parents and children as research videographers in the home resulted in very rich and detailed data about children’s use of technology in their daily lives. However, limitations noted in the dataset (e.g., image quality) provide important guidance for researchers developing projects using similar methods in future. The paper provides recommendations for future observational designs in similar settings and/or with similar participant groups.

School curriculum change processes have traditionally been managed internally. However, in Queensland, Australia, as a response to the current high-stakes accountability regime, more and more principals are outsourcing this work to external change agents (ECAs). In 2009, one of the authors (a university lecturer and ECA) developed a curriculum change model (the Controlled Rapid Approach to Curriculum Change (CRACC)), specifically outlining the involvement of an ECA in the initiation phase of a school’s curriculum change process. The purpose of this paper is to extend the CRACC model by unpacking the implementation phase, drawing on data from a pilot study of a single school. Interview responses revealed that during the implementation phase, teachers wanted to be kept informed of the wider educational context; use data to constantly track students; relate pedagogical practices to testing practices; share information between departments and professional levels; and, own whole school performance. It is suggested that the findings would be transferable to other school settings and internal leadership of curriculum change. The paper also strikes a chord of concern – Do the responses from teachers operating in such an accountability regime live their professional lives within this corporate and globalised ideology whether they want to or not?

Supply chain outsourcing has posed problems for conventional labour regulation, which focuses on employers contracting directly with workers, particularly employees. These difficulties have been exacerbated by the traditional trifurcated approach to regulation of pay and conditions, work health and safety and workers’ compensation. This paper analyses the parallel interaction of two legal developments within the Australian textile, clothing and footwear industry. The first is mandatory contractual tracking mechanisms within state and federal labour laws and the second is the duties imposed by the harmonised Work Health and Safety Acts. Their combined effect has created an innovative, fully enforceable and integrated regulatory framework for the textile, clothing and footwear industry and, it is argued, other supply chains in different industry contexts. This paper highlights how regulatory solutions can address adverse issues for workers at the bottom of contractual networks, such as fissured workplaces and capital fragmentation, by enabling regulators to harness the commercial power of business controllers at the apex to ensure compliance throughout the entire chain.

In Australia, for more than two decades, a ‘social science’ integrated framework was the favoured approach for delivering subjects such as history and geography. However, such interdisciplinary approaches have continued to attract criticism from various parts of the academic and public spheres and since 2009, a return to teaching the disciplines has been heralded as the ‘new’ way forward. Using discourse analysis techniques associated with Foucauldian archaeology, the purpose of this paper is to examine the Australian Curriculum: Geography document to ascertain the discourses necessary for pre-service teachers to enact effective teaching of geography in a primary setting. Then, based on pre-service teachers’ online survey responses, the paper investigates if such future teachers have the knowledge and skills to interpret, deliver and enact the new geography curriculum in primary classrooms. Finally, as teacher educators, our interest lies in preparing pre-service teachers effectively for the classroom so the findings are used to inform the content of a teacher education course for pre-service primary teachers.

Rationale: To determine the prevalence of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis (MS) at an Australian tertiary hospital and to define their clinical features. Method(s): We retrospectively analysed adult patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital electronically identified to have ICD codes for MS and seizures and/or epilepsy between 1996 to 2019, utilising paper and electronic-based records. Result(s): Of the 2,125 MS patients identified, 16 (0.75%) experienced epileptic seizures during a mean follow-up period of 12.9 years. Median age of MS diagnosis (SD) was 38 (9.3) years. Four patients had relapsing remitting MS (25%), 10 secondary progressive MS (63.5%), and 2 primary progressive MS (12.5%). More than two-thirds of patients had seizure onset following the diagnosis of MS, and the majority of these had advanced disease (approximate EDSS >6) at the time of seizure onset. Focal onset-seizures occurred in 87.5% of patients with seizures. Conclusion(s): The estimated prevalence of seizures in our cohort was lower than in previous studies (0.75 vs 2-4%). In most cases, seizures occurred after the diagnosis of MS in the context of advanced disease. Further studies are required to determine if MS disease modifying treatments reduce the risk of seizures in this cohort.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021.

Objective: This paper describes the development of the third edition of the National Health and Medical Research Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and Complex posttraumatic stress disorder, highlighting key changes in scope, methodology, format and treatment recommendations from the previous 2013 edition of the Guidelines. Method(s): Systematic review of the international research was undertaken, with GRADE methodology used to assess the certainty of the evidence, and evidence to decision frameworks used to generate recommendations. The Guidelines are presented in an online format using MAGICApp. Result(s): Key changes since the publication of the 2013 Guidelines include a new conditional recommendation for Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention for children and adolescents with symptoms within the first 3 months of trauma, and a strong recommendation for trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for the child alone or with a caregiver, for those with diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder. For adults with posttraumatic stress disorder, strong recommendations are made for specific types of trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy and conditional recommendations are made for five additional psychological interventions. Where medication is indicated for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder, venlafaxine is now conditionally recommended alongside sertraline, paroxetine or fluoxetine. Conclusion(s): These Guidelines, based on systematic review of the international literature, are intended to guide decision making for practitioners, service planners, funders and those seeking treatment for trauma related mental health concerns. For an Australian Guideline, a critical limitation is the absence of research on the treatment of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The new online format of the Australian posttraumatic stress disorder Guidelines means that they can

Rationale: To determine the prevalence of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis (MS) at an Australian tertiary hospital and to define their clinical features. Method(s): We retrospectively analysed adult patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital electronically identified to have ICD codes for MS and seizures and/or epilepsy between 1996 to 2019, utilising paper and electronic-based records. Result(s): Of the 2,125 MS patients identified, 16 (0.75%) experienced epileptic seizures during a mean follow-up period of 12.9 years. Median age of MS diagnosis (SD) was 38 (9.3) years. Four patients had relapsing remitting MS (25%), 10 secondary progressive MS (63.5%), and 2 primary progressive MS (12.5%). More than two-thirds of patients had seizure onset following the diagnosis of MS, and the majority of these had advanced disease (approximate EDSS >6) at the time of seizure onset. Focal onset-seizures occurred in 87.5% of patients with seizures. Conclusion(s): The estimated prevalence of seizures in our cohort was lower than in previous studies (0.75 vs 2-4%). In most cases, seizures occurred after the diagnosis of MS in the context of advanced disease. Further studies are required to determine if MS disease modifying treatments reduce the risk of seizures in this cohort.Copyright © The Author(s) 2021.

Objective: This paper describes the development of the third edition of the National Health and Medical Research Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and Complex posttraumatic stress disorder, highlighting key changes in scope, methodology, format and treatment recommendations from the previous 2013 edition of the Guidelines. Method(s): Systematic review of the international research was undertaken, with GRADE methodology used to assess the certainty of the evidence, and evidence to decision frameworks used to generate recommendations. The Guidelines are presented in an online format using MAGICApp. Result(s): Key changes since the publication of the 2013 Guidelines include a new conditional recommendation for Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention for children and adolescents with symptoms within the first 3 months of trauma, and a strong recommendation for trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for the child alone or with a caregiver, for those with diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder. For adults with posttraumatic stress disorder, strong recommendations are made for specific types of trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy and conditional recommendations are made for five additional psychological interventions. Where medication is indicated for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder, venlafaxine is now conditionally recommended alongside sertraline, paroxetine or fluoxetine. Conclusion(s): These Guidelines, based on systematic review of the international literature, are intended to guide decision making for practitioners, service planners, funders and those seeking treatment for trauma related mental health concerns. For an Australian Guideline, a critical limitation is the absence of research on the treatment of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The new online format of the Australian posttraumatic stress disorder Guidelines means that they can

To combat the COVID-19 public health crisis, civil society needs to complement government efforts. National governments have applied different mitigating strategies like the implementation of strict closures. In response to pandemic situations, normally governments tell people what to do with minimal community input. This study argues that local community organizations have an important role in practical information sharing and health literacy in a pandemic situation. Although pandemics like COVID-19 do not create physical destruction to disrupt the information stream, there is a concern that poor health literacy and information gaps can significantly contribute to the rapid spread of uncertainty, fear, and anxiety. This paper emphasizes the potential role of community workers in the dissemination of transparent and honest communication at the grassroots level. This information sharing is critical because more informed communities are more receptive to the implementation of the prescribed preventive measures. National governments need to make sure that the requisite enabling and reinforcing structures are in place to fully leverage the behaviour changing and voluntary control efforts of community organizations. Governments should develop sufficient infrastructures to provide substantial training and support resources to community workers. Volunteers who perform community-facing roles need to be provided adequate personal protective equipment. National governments and civil society need to work collaboratively for the realization of not only the short-term COVID-related policy goals but also the long-term health-related sustainable development goals.

Cognitive Computing Systems (CCSs) are increasing in prominence in the public sector. This paper develops a framework drawing on public value and information technology service management literature to guide the management of CCSs in the public sector. We draw on academic literature, gray literature, legislation and government reports, and examples on CCS initiatives in the public sector to develop insights for research and practice. We then outline the themes and present the insights in the form of guiding principles and specific (detailed) recommendations. These include guiding principles and recommendations for establishing legitimacy, understanding the required capabilities, executing capabilities, creating and measuring public value.

This paper seeks to understand the mutually affecting intensities in family households that occur through the use of energy for parenting, care and making home in the societal context of energy capitalism. Our work draws on sensual energy ethnographies with 13 families in regional New South Wales, Australia. We extend Deleuze and Guattarri’s related concepts of molar and molecular lines and lines of flight into energy geographies to draw attention to the socio-material, subjective and affective dimensions of being and becoming a parent, providing care and making home. In doing so, we open up questions around how families use energy and how this relates to the politics of care. We consider the possibilities for lines of flight to bring about social change to escape energy capitalism and help care for humans, more-than-humans and the planet.

Women living in rural Australia who are labelled as depressed, by either themselves or professionals, contend with spatial injustices of limited service provision that converge with the dominant constructions of mental health and knowledge authorisation. Informed by a feminist social constructionist standpoint, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 women living in rural New South Wales in Australia. This paper explores how rural women navigate experiences labelled as depression. The women’s stories conveyed an overwhelming sense of loss, abuse and betrayal, and the pathologisation of their experiences of structural violence and oppression is of significant concern. Yet, the women also showed agency by using to their best benefit multiple and often divergent explanations for their experiences of depression. While many accepted the diagnosis of their symptoms, most resisted a sole pathological cause and actively created individually meaningful narratives of their depression experiences. The language of ‘depression’ provided a passport for some, allowing access to formal supports that would have otherwise been unavailable or highly stigmatised. Rurality and the associated structural disadvantage, particularly in regard to service provision, was only marginally present in the women’s stories. The alternative narratives of healing uncovered challenge the centrality of formal service delivery to the wellbeing of a community. Further, while the pathologisation of structural oppression must be resisted, the women’s stories demonstrate the importance of not invisibilising the agency they demonstrate in this difficult and contested space.