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In early 20th century Sweden, people categorised as “feeble-minded” were regarded as a threat to society. Social control and eugenic ideas were manifested in the form of, e.g., sterilisation and long-term internment. Contemporary tendencies of psychiatrisation led to differentiating people with disability according to their age, gender, and social characteristics. Based on a social constructivist perspective, this paper aims to demonstrate how the subcategorisation “degenerated asocial feeble-minded (asocial imbeciles)” emerged in the 1920s, and what approaches existed to deal with this group. To address this issue, contemporary green papers, professional literature, and archive documents were used as historical sources. The results reveal efforts to found state-run island institutions on the Swedish coast and in the inland Lake Vättern. Due to adverse geographical conditions such as, e.g., freezing of the surrounding water, these plans could not be realised, and eventually out-of-use military barracks were converted into homes for this undesirable group of people. However, the planning process for the island institutions emphasises the dominant motivation to protect society by means of exclusion, supported by the argument that isolation would be in the best interest of the affected persons. The findings underline tendencies of ambivalent modernisation in the nascent Swedish welfare state.

The occurrence of life events increases the likelihood of changes in travel behaviour and these are often discussed as windows of opportunity for interventions aimed at improving sustainable travel. Hence, theoretical knowledge of the process of change due to life events is important for enabling the development of interventions suited to these naturally-occurring situations. In this paper, the Framework of RoUtIne Transitions in daily travel (FRUIT) is presented, depicting the internal processes involved when one chapter of life, characterized by stability in daily travel, gives way to another. Building on theory relating to habit disruption and formation, and designed for the inclusion of existing models and concepts relating to deliberate decision-making, the framework points to two critical phases as focus areas. Using an empirical case, the applicability of FRUIT is illustrated, with the implications of the framework for future research and policy being outlined and discussed.

The occurrence of life events increases the likelihood of changes in travel behaviour and these are often discussed as windows of opportunity for interventions aimed at improving sustainable travel. Hence, theoretical knowledge of the process of change due to life events is important for enabling the development of interventions suited to these naturally-occurring situations. In this paper, the Framework of RoUtIne Transitions in daily travel (FRUIT) is presented, depicting the internal processes involved when one chapter of life, characterized by stability in daily travel, gives way to another. Building on theory relating to habit disruption and formation, and designed for the inclusion of existing models and concepts relating to deliberate decision-making, the framework points to two critical phases as focus areas. Using an empirical case, the applicability of FRUIT is illustrated, with the implications of the framework for future research and policy being outlined and discussed.

In this paper, we introduce a high-order accurate finite element method for incompressible variable density flow. The method uses high-order Taylor-Hood velocity-pressure elements in space and backward differentiation formula (BDF) time stepping in time. This way of discretization leads to two main issues: (i) a saddle point system that needs to be solved at each time step; a stability issue when the viscosity of the flow goes to zero or if the density profile has a discontinuity. We address the first issue by using Schur complement preconditioning and artificial compressibility approaches. We observed similar performance between these two approaches. To address the second issue, we introduce a modified artificial Guermond-Popov viscous flux where the viscosity coefficients are constructed using a newly developed residual-based shock-capturing method. Numerical validations confirm high-order accuracy for smooth problems and accurately resolved discontinuities for problems in 2D and 3D with varying density ratios.

In this paper, we introduce a high-order accurate finite element method for incompressible variable density flow. The method uses high-order Taylor-Hood velocity-pressure elements in space and backward differentiation formula (BDF) time stepping in time. This way of discretization leads to two main issues: (i) a saddle point system that needs to be solved at each time step; a stability issue when the viscosity of the flow goes to zero or if the density profile has a discontinuity. We address the first issue by using Schur complement preconditioning and artificial compressibility approaches. We observed similar performance between these two approaches. To address the second issue, we introduce a modified artificial Guermond-Popov viscous flux where the viscosity coefficients are constructed using a newly developed residual-based shock-capturing method. Numerical validations confirm high-order accuracy for smooth problems and accurately resolved discontinuities for problems in 2D and 3D with varying density ratios.

In this paper we show variant of the spectral theorem using an algebraic Jordan-Schwinger map. The advantage of this approach is that we don't have restriction of normality on the class of operators we consider.

In this paper we show variant of the spectral theorem using an algebraic Jordan-Schwinger map. The advantage of this approach is that we don't have restriction of normality on the class of operators we consider.

In this paper we show variant of the spectral theorem using an algebraic Jordan-Schwinger map. The advantage of this approach is that we don't have restriction of normality on the class of operators we consider.

Although the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) has a substantial history as a research domain, never before has the rapid evolution of AI applications in education sparked such prominent public discourse. Given the growing AIEd literature base in higher education, it is important to ensure that the field has a solid research and conceptual grounding as AI adoption increases. This review of reviews is the first comprehensive meta review to explore the scope and nature of AIEd in higher education (AIHEd) research, by synthesising secondary research (e.g., systematic reviews), indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, EBSCOHost, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and ACM Digital Library, or captured through snowballing in OpenAlex, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. Reviews were included if they synthesised applications of AI solely in formal higher or continuing education, were published in English between 2018 and July 2023, were journal articles or full conference papers, and if they had a method section. 66 publications were included for data extraction and synthesis in EPPI Reviewer, which were predominantly systematic reviews (66.7%), published by authors from North America (27.3%), conducted in teams (89.4%) in mostly domestic-only collaborations (71.2%). Findings show that these reviews mostly focused on AIHEd generally (47.0%) or Profiling and Prediction (28.8%) as thematic foci, however key findings indicated a predominance of the use of Adaptive Systems and Personalisation in higher education. Research gaps identified suggest a need for greater ethical, methodological, and contextual considerations within future research, alongside interdisciplinary approaches to AIHEd application. Suggestions are provided to guide future primary and secondary research.

Although the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) has a substantial history as a research domain, never before has the rapid evolution of AI applications in education sparked such prominent public discourse. Given the growing AIEd literature base in higher education, it is important to ensure that the field has a solid research and conceptual grounding as AI adoption increases. This review of reviews is the first comprehensive meta review to explore the scope and nature of AIEd in higher education (AIHEd) research, by synthesising secondary research (e.g., systematic reviews), indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, EBSCOHost, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and ACM Digital Library, or captured through snowballing in OpenAlex, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. Reviews were included if they synthesised applications of AI solely in formal higher or continuing education, were published in English between 2018 and July 2023, were journal articles or full conference papers, and if they had a method section. 66 publications were included for data extraction and synthesis in EPPI Reviewer, which were predominantly systematic reviews (66.7%), published by authors from North America (27.3%), conducted in teams (89.4%) in mostly domestic-only collaborations (71.2%). Findings show that these reviews mostly focused on AIHEd generally (47.0%) or Profiling and Prediction (28.8%) as thematic foci, however key findings indicated a predominance of the use of Adaptive Systems and Personalisation in higher education. Research gaps identified suggest a need for greater ethical, methodological, and contextual considerations within future research, alongside interdisciplinary approaches to AIHEd application. Suggestions are provided to guide future primary and secondary research.