Search

In crisis situations like the Covid-19 pandemic, human behaviour plays a vital role. Understanding how people behave, why, and what might change their behaviour is thus crucial for governments and public health authorities. Such understanding can be enhanced through the use of behavioural science. This paper reviews some examples of the actual use of behavioural science to inform the Covid-19 pandemic policy response. Most (but not all) are drawn from the Irish pandemic response, reflecting the authors’ direct involvement in behavioural research for policy in this country and also Ireland’s systematic application of behavioural science during the pandemic. The review describes how different methods from behavioural science were deployed and discusses their merits and potential limitations. It summarises some lessons learned in two years of the pandemic, with the goal of improving the use of behavioural science in future crisis situations.

The paper analyzes the normative changes in the digitization of Public administration brought by Decree-Laws No. 76 of 2020 and No. 77 of 2020, which affected both the Digital Administration Code (CAD) and Law No. 241 of 1990. In particular, the role of these regulatory interventions in terms of strengthening the “right” to digital transition of Public administration and, more generally, digital rights (and corresponding duties) are investigated. To this end, after examining the legal nature of these subjective legal positions, the new Art. 18 bis CAD is analyzed, which introduces an unprecedented sanctioning power in the hands of AgID in case digital transition obligations are violated. Later, some reflections are made on the new Article 3 bis of Law No. 241 of 1990, which reinforces the constraint for public administrations to use information and communication technologies within the proceedings.

Questo saggio intende proporre una lettura del merito coerente con i princìpi fondamentali attraverso i quali la Costituzione esprime al meglio la propria vocazione sociale. Una volta messo in evidenza il nesso tra merito e giustizia e tratteggiati i molteplici contributi, spesso critici, offerti in altri contesti scientifici, si cercherà di valorizzare il principio della pari dignità sociale ed il principio di solidarietà al fine di scongiurare il rischio di derive meritocratiche., This paper aims to propose a reading of the merits according to the fundamental principles through which the Constitution best expresses its social vocation. Once the connection between merit and justice has been highlighted and the many contributions, often critical, offered in other scientific contexts have been outlined, we will try to enhance the principle of equal social dignity and the principle of solidarity in order to avoid the risk of meritocratic drifts.

This paper proposes a reflection on the critical aspects of implementing an ethnographic study mediated by the use of information and communication technology (ICT), using as a case study a pilot research that was carried between October and December 2020. The recruitment of the study participants was conducted through the use of social media, the communications with the participants was developed via e-mail, the interviews were carried out with a videoconference platform, and also the interaction between the authors needed to analyze and discuss the collected data was conducted using both synchronous and asynchronous online communication. The general aim is to promote a more reflection on the use of ICT in contemporary ethnography.

One of the important legacies of the French revolutionary period is that both men and women became committed to defining radical political change with their words and actions. French writer Marie Armande Gacon-Dufour was a full participant in the changes and struggles of her times, which forged both her private and her public identity. Reconstructing women’s biographies in this period is not an easy task, as their memory is not well preserved. This paper retraces the paths of Gacon’s personal and intellectual life, focusing on her attitude towards divorce. The revolutionary law of 20 September 1792 which legalized divorce was considered a breakthrough for women. Gacon took advantage of it in February 1793, but she also wrote on divorce years later, when Bonaparte, as First Consul, was readying to revert to patriarchal family policies.

The transformative processes that have involved the academic world for more than two decades have been accelerated and renewed in the wake of the Sars Covid-19 Pandemic. Universities, already oriented towards the promotion of 1 XXX, Università degli Studi di XXX; XXX wrote paragraphs... ; xxx wrote paragraphs... smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, have nevertheless been called upon to rethink and reshape the services, projects and methodological approaches previously developed. The aim of this paper is to describe a qualitative study carried out within the Tutoring Online Program (TOP), designed to respond to the new demands brought to light by the pandemic.  After outlining the innovative characteristics of TOP, where the tutors are volunteer university students and the tutees are secondary school students, the results of the qualitative research are presented. The aim of the survey is to identify the elements which, in the perception of the tutors and tutees, may have supported, or on the contrary limited, the creation of a meaningful relationship developed entirely online.

In Italy, Law 112/2016 regulates independent living projects for people with disabilities. It is part of a cultural and social policy scenario in transformation. The reductive and technocratic perspective of social educational work is in crisis while a paradigm based on housing and its ecosystem of relations is emerging. This paper draws inspiration from the generative grammar offered by the landscape metaphor (Morelli, 2020) and from the main results of a cooperative enquiry carried out in a system of services for people with disabilities in the District of Lecco, during the months of the pandemic emergency. The evolutionary potential of the crisis and the creation of spaces of thinking in the midst of uncertainty favoured the start of a process of systemic reflexivity (Rigamonti & Formenti, 2020) in which to imagine and design new landscapes of living for people with disabilities.

Crowdsourcing has been used by an increasing number of organizations for searching for innovative ideas, especially in the form of contests. The success of a contest depends on several factors, such as the number of participants, their level of engagement (which is strictly related to the meaning attributed, and participants' intrinsic motivation and sense of purpose) as well as the quality of their contributions. Notwithstanding the diffusion of crowdsourcing, particularly as ideas challenges or innovation contest, and the vast literature studying those phenomena in management and organization science, little attention has still been paid to their organizing model and distributed sensemaking. The paper wants to investigate the issues related to the interventions for increasing the positive performance of crowdsourcing initiatives. This is accomplished seeking for a complementary understanding of the meaning, correlated to the complex intertwining of social interactions and influence as actions enacting organizing and distributed sensemaking outside a formal organization, where a network - in order to accomplish anything - has to be coordinated, connected, and temporarily stabilized.

The digital divide for people with disabilities is a barrier to information acquisition, which is a basic need for self-development, social environment and full participation in society development. Accessibility for all, especially those with disabilities, is central to digital and social inclusion. The paper aims to explore, from a critical perspective, the problem of the web accessibility for people with disabilities, by particular reference of the relevant international and European framework referring to e-accessibility and digital equality.

The paper presents a qualitative research conducted from April to September 2020 by Keats research group adopting the approach of cooperative inquiry. The research had an exclusively exploratory character, as it was limited to a specific context and addressed to a group of volunteer participants, some students and teachers of a second year class of the Liceo Scientifico “Dante Alighieri”, Matera. The research aimed to explore some effects of distance learning practice and digitalisation, focusing on the emerging educational experience in the school dispositive.

The location quotient (LQ), a ratio of ratios, is a widely known geographic index (Isard, 1960). It is used to measure and map relative distributions or relative concentrations of a character in a sub-area compared to the area as a whole (Wheeler, 2005). It has been recently proposed as a local index in the study of residential segregation of foreign population (Apparicio et al., 2008; Benassi et al., 2016). The LQs are particularly useful when applied to a metropolitan area where they allow to identify the spatial units in which a population group is under-represented (LQ<11) or conversely, over-represented (LQ>1). Despite their apparent simplicity, the location quotients present some slippery features this contribution tries to reflect on. This paper examines some different ways to compute the LQs and their results, by using data on residents by citizenship in the metropolitan area of Milan. We analyse and compare the statistical distributions of the LQs of selected foreign population’s groups. Finally, we propose an alternative measure, the Locational Differential Index, to take account of density, conveying the spatial component, absent in location quotients.

Il contributo è la versione rivista e corredata di note di una relazione tenuta all’interno di un workshop sul tema della Cross-Border Protection of Vulnerable Adults tenuto alla Prague House di Bruxelles il 20 settembre 2022, organizzato dalla Presidenza Ceca del Consiglio dell’Unione europea insieme alla Commissione europea e volto a discutere i possibili contenuti di un futuro Regolamento dell’Unione europea sulla protezione degli adulti vulnerabili in casi transnazionali. Il contributo illustra il punto di vista dell’ordinamento italiano, tenendo conto che l’Italia è uno degli Stati membri dell’Unione europea che non hanno ancora ratificato la Convenzione dell’Aja sulla protezione internazionale degli adulti del 13 gennaio 2000., The paper presents the point of view of the Italian legal system in a workshop aimed at discussing the possible contents of a future EU Regulation on the cross-border protection of vulnerable adults. Firstly, the contribution briefly describes the measures provided for under the Italian law for protecting “adults who, by reason of an impairment or insufficiency of their personal faculties, are not in a position to protect their interests”. Secondly, it shortly illustrates the current domestic Italian rules of private international law that now apply to vulnerable adults in crossborder situations. Lastly, it tries to explain why things would improve if Italy ratified The Hague Adults Convention.

A once florid extractive industry in the Italian Alps became one of the larger and longer-lasting industries of the area. From the 1930s on, this industry generated a continuous need for workers throughout various conjunctures but the Great Recession opened a period of industrial collapse and the diffusion of a sense of closing of opportunities for local inhabitants, with the silent expulsion of workers. The paper aims to reflect on the combination of elements acting on various spatial and temporal scales, regarding the experiences of a mountain locality in crisis and deindustrialization.

The paper aims to analyse the well-being of feminine caregivers in Palestine. In order to do that it explores the outcomes of the preliminary step of the Emancipatory Research (ER) carried out in the “PARTICIP-ACTION” Project (financed by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation – Ministry of Foreign and International Cooperation, promoted and carried out by EducAid – Inclusive Education and Social Innovation for International Cooperation). The ER is a bottom-up process that promotes a progressive involvement of vulnerable groups of people as researchers at first hand. In case herein considered, the researchers are 30 feminine caregivers of relatives with disability. Starting from their own point of view and their own personal experience, they first selected and then investigated a few dimensions of well-being deemed essential for them to reach a good quality of life.

This essay reflects upon the U.S. national motto “In God We Trust” and religious liberty. It describes the birth and the life of the U.S. national motto from an historical and a normative perspective, and in relation with three crucial events that forged the United States’ historical conscience: the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the Cold War. It highlights how the motto has embraced different purposes and meanings, as well as attained varying levels of religiosity. After having introduced the main features of American civil religion, the paper pays attention to the various obiter that the Supreme Court has offered about the constitutionality of this symbol. The conclusions focus on two aspects: a brief comparison with the Italian legal system, which underlines the existing similarities between the “history and tradition” argument fostered by the U.S. Supreme Court and the appeal to the “historical heritage” and the “religious culture” that can be found in the Italian legal and political debates on the display of the crucifix in the classroom and the teaching of the Catholic religion. Secondly, they reflect about the ideological and illiberal turn that the American civil religion may take.

The paper presents a project concerning the digital education for families. The paediatrician is the central figure in this project and leads parents towards a conscious management of digital media, giving them and their children specific indications for all age groups, starting from birth. The project, developed with the direct involvement of paediatricians in multidisciplinary groups, is based on scientific evidence and has been the subject of extensive experimentation in the field. Parents are offered not only limits but also alternative and complementary activities, useful for the development of their children and the improvement of the quality of their personal relationships. The continuous training of paediatricians, the annual updating of materials and research for impact assessment are the basis for the implementation of the project. The territorial educational alliance is a fundamental step in the digital education for the family, which is a subject that poses several open challenges in which the family paediatrician is called to play a central role.

This research starts from the importance of Popular Education in the history of Italian schools, which became a fundamental resource for preventing and tackling the widespread phenomena of school dropout. To contrast school failure, in 1995 the European White Paper on Education and Training fostered the birth of second chance schools, according to a business paradigm that also seems to underlie the conception of dropout. Reflecting on and overcoming the inequalities due to the rhetoric of success/failure, this study is set within the theoretical framework of Pedagogical Problematicism, looking at a process of de-construnction and then re-semantization of the semantic and lexical sphere of dropout and second chance in terms of social justice. A case study was carried out during the 2020/2021 school year in the “Antonia Vita” Popular School in Monza, focus-ing on contextual and structural conditions that can prevent hardship and disadvantage in minors at educational risk aged between 14 and 16.

La Corte costituzionale ha fronteggiato a più riprese il fenomeno della “decodificazione” legislativa in materia penitenziaria specialmente attraverso censure radicali delle preclusioni ostative alla concessione di misure alternative dirette a favorire il rapporto tra genitori e figli in tenera età. Il presente contributo analizza la decisione n. 30 del 2022 in tema di applicazione provvisoria della detenzione domiciliare speciale, inquadrandola nel filone della giurisprudenza costituzionale – inaugurato con la sentenza n. 239 del 2014 e ormai destinato a una progressiva espansione – secondo il quale è necessario garantire che la fruibilità della detenzione domiciliare per la cura dei minori sia valutata con bilanciamenti caso per caso, improntati a criteri non eccessivamente vincolanti per il giudice, così da assicurare il massimo grado di tutela a un interesse di rilievo costituzionale “esterno” alla esecuzione penale., On several occasions the Constitutional Court has faced the legislative “decodification” phenomenon rooted in the penitentiary system, especially through radical censorships of preclusions to the access to alternative measures aimed at fostering the relationship between convicted parents and young children. This paper analyzes the Constitutional Court’s Judgement No. 30 of 2022 on the issue relating to provisional measure of special home detention, framing it in the Court’s case law inaugurated by the Judgement No. 239 of 2014 and now expected to a progressive development. This constitutional jurisprudence deems it is necessary to guarantee that the possibility to access home detention for the care of juveniles is evaluated through case-by-case balances, without imposing too binding decision-making rules on the judge, in order to ensure the highest degree of protection to a constitutional interest, that is outside the penal execution.

Background and purpose: Intradural disc herniation (IDH) can manifest with radicular or medullary syndrome. In about 15% of cases, IDH may be responsible, through a dural laceration, for a CSF leak, determining spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and CNS superficial siderosis (CNSss). This paper attempts to present an overview on IDH as the cause for both CSF leak, and subsequent SIH, and CNSss, and to describe a peculiar clinical and neuroradiological scenario related to this condition. Methods: A search on the PUBMED database was performed. Although the investigation did not rigorously follow the criteria for a systematic review (we consider only articles about thoracic IDH), nonetheless, the best quality evidence was pursued. Furthermore, an illustrative case was presented. Results: A 69-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for slowly progressive gait disturbances and hearing impairment. Brain imaging revealed diffuse bilateral supratentorial and infratentorial superficial siderosis, mostly of the cerebellum, the eighth cranial nerves, and the brainstem. Spinal imaging disclosed a posterior disc herniation determining a dural tear at D6-D7. Lumbar puncture revealed low opening pressure and hemorrhagic CSF with siderophages. A posterior transdural herniectomy and dural sealing determined a stabilization of hearing and a significant improvement in both gait and balance. Conclusions: The diagnostic workup of CNSss with suspected CNS leak demands whole neuraxis imaging, especially in cases presenting SIH or myelopathic symptoms. This may avoid delays in detection of IDH and spinal dural leaks. The different forms of treatment available depend on the type and severity of the clinical picture.

The legal case between the soprano Rosetta Pampanini and the Italian radio (Eiar) in the years 1938-1940 presents singular features. The controversy led to the first decision of the Supreme Court of Cassation on the rights of performers, in a decisive phase of their discipline. In fact, the judges dealt with the problems raised by the 1928 broadcasting law, on the eve of the new copyright law (1941), which defined the issue at the end of a debate initiated by Italian doctrine also on international tables. This paper considers the Italian experience in both its scientific and jurisprudential perspective. The aim of the research is to draw attention to a significant fragment of this little-explored history and to ascertain the contribution that the defensive strategy elaborated by Filippo Vassalli and Giuseppe Ferri, as lawyers of Eiar, gave to the determination of the nature of the artists’ rights with respect to copyright.

L’introduzione della legge 92/2019 ha riacceso l’attenzione sugli obiettivi non solo dell’Educazione civica, ma anche del sistema scolastico nel suo insieme, sul suo essere realmente democratico, equo e inclusivo, questioni diventate ancora più urgenti con l’insorgere della pandemia che ha amplificato le iniquità. Già il documento del Consiglio d’Europa del 2016 sulle Competenze per una cultura della democrazia aveva ribadito la necessità fondamentale di adottare “misure per risolvere i problemi delle disuguaglianze sociali e degli svantaggi strutturali”. Nel contributo si restituisce un’analisi tematica del testo della legge, delle linee guida e dei traguardi al fine di identificare, da un lato, i nuclei concettuali fondanti che hanno guidato il legislatore nella selezione dei temi oggetto dell’insegnamento e dei suoi obiettivi e, dall’altro, se e come i concetti di cittadinanza e cittadino a essi sottesi siano coerenti con l’urgenza di contrastare la crescente iniquità sociale., The introduction of Law 92/2019 has renewed attention on the goals not only of Civic Education itself, but also of the whole school system, on its being truly democratic, equal and inclusive, issues that have become even more urgent with the emergence of the pandemic that has amplified inequalities. Already the 2016 Council of Europe document Competences for Democratic Culture had stressed the fundamental need to take «measures to tackle social inequalities and structural disadvantages». The paper presents a thematic analysis of the text of the law, the guidelines and the goals in order to identify, on the one hand, the fundamental conceptual cores that guided the legislator in the selection of the topics to be taught and its objectives and, on the other hand, whether and how the underlying concepts of citizenship and citizen are consistent with the urgent need to tackle growing social inequality

In all the surveys carried on financial literacy by OECD-PISA among 15-year-old students, Italy is one of the few countries that highlights a significant gender gap, with boys performing better than girls; in Spain, this is not the case. Previous studies show that, together with individual characteristics, opportunities, values, and information from family and the cultural context in which teenagers live may play a role in shaping this gender gap. This paper focuses on advancing the literature on the possible factors explaining the gender gap in financial literacy by adopting a perspective comparing the two countries. It relies on data from the 2018 OECD-PISA on financial literacy (the Italian sample includes 9,122 students; the Spanish one includes 4,100 students). We ran several multivariate analyses, and the outcomes indicate that the differences in the gender gaps in mathematics between the two countries partially explain differences in the gender gaps in financial skills, while the frequency of school activities directly or indirectly dealing with financial education compose a larger part of the explanation. No strong and direct effect of family influence in financial matters is observed.

A partire da una ricerca di campo condotta in tre cantieri di costruzione di una compagnia statale cinese in Ghana, il presente contributo intende esplorare il tema delle interazioni linguistiche tra lavoratori cinesi e lavo- ratori locali. Attraverso l’utilizzo di un linguaggio “inventato”, il Chinglish, o Chinese English, gli impiegati cinesi e ghanesi della compagnia sono in grado di comunicare tra di loro, e di creare talvolta anche degli spazi di complicità. L’equilibrio che si viene a generare all’interno di questo contesto è tuttavia estremamente fragile e precario, e ogni malinteso può facilmente generare conflitti ed esacerbare le già tese dinamiche lavorative e di potere in atto. Oltre a suscitare un notevole interesse da un punto di vista linguistico, lo studio delle interazioni condotte attraverso l’utilizzo del Chinese English permette anche di indagare sotto una nuova luce le relazioni quotidiane tra lavoratori cinesi e lavoratori locali nei siti di costruzione cinesi in Ghana., Based on fieldwork research conducted at three construction sites of a Chinese state-owned company in Ghana, this paper examines linguistic in- teractions between Chinese and local workers. Using an “invented” language called Chinglish, or Chinese English, the Chinese and Ghanaian employees are able to communicate and sometimes even create spaces for complicity. There is, however, an extremely precarious balance that exists within this context, and any misunderstanding can easily cause conflicts and exacer- bate already tense work and power dynamics. Beyond arousing considerable interest from a linguistic point of view, the use of Chinese English in said interactions also sheds light on the daily relationships between Chinese and local workers on Chinese construction sites in Ghana.

Purpose of the paper: This study explores whether and how the restrictions resulting from COVID-19 crisis have affected digital transformation (DT) measured by the adoption of data-driven decision-making (DDD) and structured management (SM) practices. Methodology: On the basis of an original survey of 102 manufacturing firms located in Lombardy, we explore the DDD and SM practices before and during the lockdown, which began on 8 March 2020. The factors explaining heterogeneous responses to the crisis, namely, institutional logic, firm size, technological sectors, and family business, are also considered. Findings: We find that during the lockdown, firms suffered a setback in the use of DDD and SM. However, there is a significant heterogeneity in the response across firms. The factors considered in our study poorly explain this heterogeneity in DDD. Meanwhile, all factors, except institutional logic, effectively explain the differences in SM. Research limits: This study provides a preliminary and descriptive analysis. Further analysis is needed to better identify causality and co-factors. Practical implications: DT could be particularly sensitive to crisis, and crisis response varies across different dimensions of DT (i.e. DDD and SM) and types of firms. This implies that a variety of firms may benefit from DT but that DT requires specific managerial attention. Originality of the study: This study employs an original dataset that sheds new light on how the pandemic has affected DT. It focuses on one of the largest European manufacturing regions which was severely hit by the first wave of the pandemic.

While the Covid-19 emergency revealed some vulnerabilities in the Italian higher education system, it also enhanced its resiliency: in a short time, most Italian universities were able to ensure the continuity of teaching activities, replacing face-to-face experiences with online ones. The pandemic required stakeholders (including lecturers) to redesign teaching activities using distance learning methods, even if they were not prepared to do so. In addition to the difficulties of accepting and using information technologies, lecturers faced the challenge of planning and designing new forms of teaching that would ensure students’ attendance and guarantee high levels of learning. Increasing attention has been paid to different forms of technological stress and their repercussions on students’ well-being. Less attention has been paid to how technostress affects lecturers’ quality of working life and work-family balance. This paper reflects on the experience of lecturers at the University of Milan Bicocca, discussing the outcomes of a survey administered to them. Data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), focusing on the impact of two main dimensions of technostress (techno-overload and techno-insecurity) on lecturers’ work-family balance in light of their perception of digital availability, gender, parenthood and relationship status.

The essay analyses and contrasts the case-law on the eruv, a symbolic fencing erected by the Jewish community to alleviate some obligations imposed by the observance of the Jewish law. It takes into accounts three legal orders, Canada, United States and Australia, and focuses on two major issues: on the one hand, the paper identifies the criteria employed by the Courts to read the eruv within the framework of Constitutional law; on the other hand, it focuses on the notion of ‘religious symbol’, asking whether the eruv is considered as such in the litigation.

While research on determinants and consequences of environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviours is quite broad, limited research efforts have been spent on the investigation of the discrepancy between the two: i.e. perceiving as environmentalist while not partaking substantially to specific environmental actions. For this reason, understanding how time perception shapes the misalignments, the so called “Value-Action gap”, is the objective of the paper. We analyse both individual (related to job motivation) and social determinants (related to the imitation of pro-environmental behaviours). While the former group refers to the way time is actually perceived, by using variables depicting the way work pressure is felt, the latter group acknowledges the possibility that a social norm is embodied into people and, being imitable, it can help acting in accordance with social environmental attitudes. The empirical analysis exploits the World Bank 3rd Wave of the World Values Survey, covering the years 1995–1998 on 34 countries, and it confirms that time perception and imitation both contribute to the decrease of VAG, although to a different extent.

The paper elaborates a practical theory bridging educational studies with social sciences, humanities, and arts, and reinterpreting the role of feminist pedagogies in adult education as democratic transformative practices. Feminist pedagogies offer several principles for educational settings: reciprocity, shared responsibility, community building, individual voice, respect for diversity, and challenging fixed ways of doing or thinking, such as clichés, normalization, etc. We are all exposed to stereotypes and closed narratives; we can learn from each other how to build freedom from anti-ecological discourses, interrogating our own interdependence in learning and unlearning. This is not only a ‘women affair’: it regards all citizens and involves the individual, relational and social levels of systemic life. The present proposal discusses some research experiences using embodied narrative methods to illuminate the experience of diverse actors and sustain transformative relationships, beyond traditional boundaries in cultural institutions. Participation entails coexistence with ‘otherness’ and critical reflexivity about its construction. The study involves unexpected audiences in contemporary art museums: adults who may feel excluded from art and culture, namely for the persistence of unequal gender representations and discourses. Museums are public spaces that shape their audiences’ experiences related to gender, class, etc. Are these intersectional identities represented in equitable ways? How can new ecologies for life and learning be established? In these participatory research projects, the museums can be partners in constructing alternative spaces of encounter for feminist practices, connecting social sciences, humanities, and art as a performative way of building knowledge and embodied awareness of the affordances of spaces.

The statistical literature proposed many contributions about survival analysis in medical research, in this work this approach is proposed in a business context. The aim of this paper is to control the mortality of the users belonging to an e-mail subscribers list for a company operating in the healthcare information sector. Having available the survival times for each subscriber, the choice was oriented to survival models to evaluate the abandon of the customers. A survival analysis was conducted through a Cox model considering some risk factors of the subscriber. The selected Cox model carried to the identification of risk profiles representing different situations in terms of probability of abandon.

Urban nightlife is often depicted as a homogeneous category dominated by the entertainment industry and characterised by at risk drinking practices. Taking on a more critical perspective, which recognises the heterogeneity of the physical and social settings as well as how nightgoers exercise their agency to manipulate and shape products and spaces defined by the consumeristic economic order, the paper aims to 1) explore the physical and social settings of two districts of Torino (North Italy) characterised by an intense nightlife, and 2) understand young people’s tactics with regard to alcohol consumption. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach including non-participant observation (40 hours) and face-to-face interviews (No. 22). Results show that youth drinking in an urban nightlife setting is a ‘tactical operation’ that concerns both the choice of what, how and where to consume and how to reduce potential risks. Indeed, young people embrace the possibilities offered by the night districts to achieve their goals (mainly to socialize and have fun) while limiting negative outcomes by adopting self-regulation and harm reduction practices.

The avulsion of the impacted lower third molar is one of the most common procedures in oral surgery. Even though it is characterized by possible complications due to the lesion of lingual and inferior alveolar nerves, the intra-oral surgical approach represents the first-choice strategy when planning surgery. However, in case of ectopic tooth in the mandibular basal bone, it is appropriate to consider an extra-oral transcutaneous surgical approach. The ectopia of the inferior wisdom tooth represents a very rare clinical condition and sometimes it is even unknown by patients and dentists: further evidence of this fact is represented by the paucity of paper related to the topic that can be found in the international scientific literature. The experience of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of San Gerardo Hospital in Monza (Italy) in management and treatment of ectopic impacted lower third molar is exposed through the presentation of three cases of ectopic third molar. Two out of three patients, aware of the risks related to the surgical procedure, refused the treatment proposed. One patient underwent surgical avulsion of the wisdom tooth through extra-oral transcervical approach. No early or late complications have been observed. Extra-oral surgical approach for ectopic lower third molar should be considered for selected cases. Given the rarity of the clinical condition and the procedure-related risks, accurate preoperative information has to be provided to the patient by physician and the procedure should only be performed by expert and competent surgeons.

Thinking about Pandemic and War: Meanings, Discourses, Perspectives Abstract: Is there a common language between “pandemic” and “war”? We are still in the middle of a pandemic crisis and, at the same time, in the heart of Europe, a new war has broken out. Given this premise, this paper will propose a path of analysis to identify possible common elements and conceptual differences between pandemic and war. In particular, the discourses relating to the two terms considered, the linguistic tools used and the functions with which they are used will be critically examined. Finally, some considerations will be proposed regarding the role of scholars during and after a catastrophic event, such as a pandemic or war, and their responsibility, for the reflections and decisions that must be taken, especially with a view to the future.

The paper aims to analyse the well-being of feminine caregivers in Palestine. In order to do that it explores the outcomes of the preliminary step of the Emancipatory Research (ER) carried out in the “PARTICIP-ACTION” Project (financed by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation – Ministry of Foreign and International Cooperation, promoted and carried out by EducAid – Inclusive Education and Social Innovation for International Cooperation). The ER is a bottom-up process that promotes a progressive involvement of vulnerable groups of people as researchers at first hand. In case herein considered, the researchers are 30 feminine caregivers of relatives with disability. Starting from their own point of view and their own personal experience, they first selected and then investigated a few dimensions of well-being deemed essential for them to reach a good quality of life.

This article discusses the results of a study that collected information on a sample of 2,183 individuals through a web survey, conducted in Italy during the period of the first lockdown linked to COVID-19 and aimed at exploring the theme of risk perception at the time of the pandemic. Specifically, the paper will examine two aspects: (a) the socio-demographic char-acteristics of the respondents about risk; (b) the relationship between risk perception and the likelihood of adopting behaviours aimed at averting contagion.As regards the first point, the results show that those with a lower perception of risk are males, older, unmarried. The level of education only affects the fear of not surviving in the event of contagion (those with higher qualifications are less afraid). Concerning the second aspect, data show that those who per-ceive a greater risk tend to adopt individual protection measures with greater probability. The results of the study are useful for providing suggestions to improve the risk communication, that is a priority for public health agendas, and suggest to target it according to the specific profiles of the individuals to whom it is addressed.

Purpose of the paper: This study explores whether and how the restrictions resulting from COVID-19 crisis have affected digital transformation (DT) measured by the adoption of data-driven decision-making (DDD) and structured management (SM) practices. Methodology: On the basis of an original survey of 102 manufacturing firms located in Lombardy, we explore the DDD and SM practices before and during the lockdown, which began on 8 March 2020. The factors explaining heterogeneous responses to the crisis, namely, institutional logic, firm size, technological sectors, and family business, are also considered. Findings: We find that during the lockdown, firms suffered a setback in the use of DDD and SM. However, there is a significant heterogeneity in the response across firms. The factors considered in our study poorly explain this heterogeneity in DDD. Meanwhile, all factors, except institutional logic, effectively explain the differences in SM. Research limits: This study provides a preliminary and descriptive analysis. Further analysis is needed to better identify causality and co-factors. Practical implications: DT could be particularly sensitive to crisis, and crisis response varies across different dimensions of DT (i.e. DDD and SM) and types of firms. This implies that a variety of firms may benefit from DT but that DT requires specific managerial attention. Originality of the study: This study employs an original dataset that sheds new light on how the pandemic has affected DT. It focuses on one of the largest European manufacturing regions which was severely hit by the first wave of the pandemic.

The scenario integrated modelling is a top priority work during the design of a new tokamak, as the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) under construction at the ENEA Research Center in Frascati. The first simulations of the main baseline scenarios contributed to the optimization of the DTT project, particularly with regard to the machine size and heating systems, besides serving as reference for diagnostics design. In this paper we report the first simulations of the full power baseline scenario in the final configuration of the machine and heating mix.

L’introduzione della legge 92/2019 ha riacceso l’attenzione sugli obiettivi non solo dell’Educazione civica, ma anche del sistema scolastico nel suo insieme, sul suo essere realmente democratico, equo e inclusivo, questioni diventate ancora più urgenti con l’insorgere della pandemia che ha amplificato le iniquità. Già il documento del Consiglio d’Europa del 2016 sulle Competenze per una cultura della democrazia aveva ribadito la necessità fondamentale di adottare “misure per risolvere i problemi delle disuguaglianze sociali e degli svantaggi strutturali”. Nel contributo si restituisce un’analisi tematica del testo della legge, delle linee guida e dei traguardi al fine di identificare, da un lato, i nuclei concettuali fondanti che hanno guidato il legislatore nella selezione dei temi oggetto dell’insegnamento e dei suoi obiettivi e, dall’altro, se e come i concetti di cittadinanza e cittadino a essi sottesi siano coerenti con l’urgenza di contrastare la crescente iniquità sociale., The introduction of Law 92/2019 has renewed attention on the goals not only of Civic Education itself, but also of the whole school system, on its being truly democratic, equal and inclusive, issues that have become even more urgent with the emergence of the pandemic that has amplified inequalities. Already the 2016 Council of Europe document Competences for Democratic Culture had stressed the fundamental need to take «measures to tackle social inequalities and structural disadvantages». The paper presents a thematic analysis of the text of the law, the guidelines and the goals in order to identify, on the one hand, the fundamental conceptual cores that guided the legislator in the selection of the topics to be taught and its objectives and, on the other hand, whether and how the underlying concepts of citizenship and citizen are consistent with the urgent need to tackle growing social inequality

Background and purpose: Intradural disc herniation (IDH) can manifest with radicular or medullary syndrome. In about 15% of cases, IDH may be responsible, through a dural laceration, for a CSF leak, determining spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and CNS superficial siderosis (CNSss). This paper attempts to present an overview on IDH as the cause for both CSF leak, and subsequent SIH, and CNSss, and to describe a peculiar clinical and neuroradiological scenario related to this condition. Methods: A search on the PUBMED database was performed. Although the investigation did not rigorously follow the criteria for a systematic review (we consider only articles about thoracic IDH), nonetheless, the best quality evidence was pursued. Furthermore, an illustrative case was presented. Results: A 69-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for slowly progressive gait disturbances and hearing impairment. Brain imaging revealed diffuse bilateral supratentorial and infratentorial superficial siderosis, mostly of the cerebellum, the eighth cranial nerves, and the brainstem. Spinal imaging disclosed a posterior disc herniation determining a dural tear at D6-D7. Lumbar puncture revealed low opening pressure and hemorrhagic CSF with siderophages. A posterior transdural herniectomy and dural sealing determined a stabilization of hearing and a significant improvement in both gait and balance. Conclusions: The diagnostic workup of CNSss with suspected CNS leak demands whole neuraxis imaging, especially in cases presenting SIH or myelopathic symptoms. This may avoid delays in detection of IDH and spinal dural leaks. The different forms of treatment available depend on the type and severity of the clinical picture.

La radicalizzazione è oggetto piuttosto recente della riflessione pedagogica, la quale può rilevarsi una prospettiva utile per fornire un contributo in particolare in relazione alle dimensioni soggettive, psicologiche e identitarie che la caratterizzano. L’articolo si soffermerà sull’analisi della dimensione identitaria, sviluppandosi a partire da una rielaborazione della concettualizzazione di identità in chiave processuale, dinamica, multipla. Si evidenzierà, successivamente, come le famiglie con background migratorio siano in una posizione di rischio ma anche di possibilità all’interno delle dinamiche appartenenza/identità. Riferimenti teorici a una concezione di famiglia e a ruoli di genere culturalmente informati, insieme a dati emersi da una ricerca etnografica condotta a Milano con madri migranti di origine arabo-musulmana, mostrano come quest’ultime dispongano della potenzialità di mettere in campo strategie creative di trasmissione culturale ed educazione a identità multiple in grado di prevenire fenomeni di radicalizzazione. Supportare le madri e queste strategie è un compito pedagogico, politico e sociale fondamentale che richiede iniziative di sostegno alla genitorialità adeguate., Radicalization is a fairly recent issue of pedagogical reflection that can make a contribution in particular on the subjective, psychological and identity dimensions. The paper focuses on the analysis of the identity dimension, starting from a conceptualization of identity in a processual, dynamic, multiple perspective. It is then highlighted how the families with an immigrant background are in a position of risk but also of possibility within the dynamics of belonging/identity. Theoretical references on a culturally-informed concept of family and gender roles, together with data emerging from an ethnographic research conducted in Milan with immigrant mothers of Arab-Muslim origin, show how the latter can implement creative strategies of cultural transmission and education to multiple identities able to prevent radicalization. Supporting the mothers and their strategies is an important pedagogical, political and social task that requires adequate parenting support initiatives.

In Italy, the older age group is characterised by a significantly lower level of digital skills, usage and equipment than adults. This gap overlaps with that of financial skills, which are essential for financial well-being. The paper analyse how digital literacy, financial literacy and digital financial literacy influence the perception of a chance in one’s financial wellbeing after the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic. The study comments on the main findings of a quantitative survey on 328 older people, representative of the national population by gender and age group, living in the northern regions most affected by the pandemic and able to answer an online questionnaire. The results indicate that digital literacy helped protect against a worsening of one’s (perceived) economic situation, but not financial literacy.

Artistic approaches and languages are a valuable resource for pedagogy in the domains of both educational work (Zuccoli, 2010) and educational research (Biffi and Zuccoli, 2019), where their role has gained increasing recognition in recent decades. Within this framework, Arts-Based Research methods (ABR) can make a crucial contribution (Barone, 2012; Cole and Knowles, 2008). Deployed especially in the social sciences, arts-based research makes «systematic use of the artistic process […] as a primary way of understanding and examining experience» (McNiff, 2008: 29) that is inaccessible to more traditional forms of knowledge and methods of inquiry. This article presents the Arts-Based Research – Global Classroom, a training course for PhD students and early career researchers. The University of Milano Bicocca delivered the course in partnership with Florida State University and KU Leuven. The course was designed as a learning laboratory to exchange knowledge and competence in using ABR methods for educational research. This paper aims to explore the structure, the contents, and the opportunities offered by ABR Global Classroom.

La Corte costituzionale ha fronteggiato a più riprese il fenomeno della “decodificazione” legislativa in materia penitenziaria specialmente attraverso censure radicali delle preclusioni ostative alla concessione di misure alternative dirette a favorire il rapporto tra genitori e figli in tenera età. Il presente contributo analizza la decisione n. 30 del 2022 in tema di applicazione provvisoria della detenzione domiciliare speciale, inquadrandola nel filone della giurisprudenza costituzionale – inaugurato con la sentenza n. 239 del 2014 e ormai destinato a una progressiva espansione – secondo il quale è necessario garantire che la fruibilità della detenzione domiciliare per la cura dei minori sia valutata con bilanciamenti caso per caso, improntati a criteri non eccessivamente vincolanti per il giudice, così da assicurare il massimo grado di tutela a un interesse di rilievo costituzionale “esterno” alla esecuzione penale., Provisional measure of special home detention: another step to overcome the preclusive automatisms for child’s interest protection. On several occasions the Constitutional Court has faced the legislative “decodification” phenomenon rooted in the penitentiary system, especially through radical censorships of preclusions to the access to alternative measures aimed at fostering the relationship between convicted parents and young children. This paper analyzes the Constitutional Court’s Judgement No. 30 of 2022 on the issue relating to provisional measure of special home detention, framing it in the Court’s case law inaugurated by the Judgement No. 239 of 2014 and now expected to a progressive development. This constitutional jurisprudence deems it is necessary to guarantee that the possibility to access home detention for the care of juveniles is evaluated through case-by-case balances, without imposing too binding decision-making rules on the judge, in order to ensure the highest degree of protection to a constitutional interest, that is outside the penal execution.

In all the surveys carried on financial literacy by OECD-PISA among 15-year-old students, Italy is one of the few countries that highlights a significant gender gap, with boys performing better than girls; in Spain, this is not the case. Previous studies show that, together with individual characteristics, opportunities, values, and information from family and the cultural context in which teenagers live may play a role in shaping this gender gap. This paper focuses on advancing the literature on the possible factors explaining the gender gap in financial literacy by adopting a perspective comparing the two countries. It relies on data from the 2018 OECD-PISA on financial literacy (the Italian sample includes 9,122 students; the Spanish one includes 4,100 students). We ran several multivariate analyses, and the outcomes indicate that the differences in the gender gaps in mathematics between the two countries partially explain differences in the gender gaps in financial skills, while the frequency of school activities directly or indirectly dealing with financial education compose a larger part of the explanation. No strong and direct effect of family influence in financial matters is observed.

In this paper, starting from some data that emerged from a research on the daily life of children and families during the Covid-19 pandemic (Mantovani et al., 2021; Picca et al., 2021), we open a reflection on the need to rethink the professional profile of 0-6 educators in an interdisciplinary sense to make the preventive and supportive action of fragile families more incisive. EU literature and documents have highlighted the pedagogical potential of multidisciplinary teams with respect to taking care of vulnerable families, underlining how interdisciplinary action increases the probability of intercepting signs of unease in an holistic and systemic way (Milani et al., 2015), avoiding the fragmentation of the support intervention, acting on resources and counteracting the spiral of disadvantage. The thesis here argued is that 0-6 educators can play a crucial role in this perspective, acting as territorial “sentinels” or “guarantors” of well-being by monitoring the social health conditions of families, but they must be trained to build bridges and weaving networks in an intersectional and multidisciplinary work perspective. A work at a micro level, starting from the ECE levels, which over time can trigger virtuous networks of collaboration to contrast the vulnerability of families at the meso- and macro- system level.

In Italy, Law 112/2016 regulates independent living projects for people with disabilities. It is part of a cultural and social policy scenario in transformation. The reductive and technocratic perspective of social educational work is in crisis while a paradigm based on housing and its ecosystem of relations is emerging. This paper draws inspiration from the generative grammar offered by the landscape metaphor (Morelli, 2020) and from the main results of a cooperative enquiry carried out in a system of services for people with disabilities in the District of Lecco, during the months of the pandemic emergency. The evolutionary potential of the crisis and the creation of spaces of thinking in the midst of uncertainty favoured the start of a process of systemic reflexivity (Rigamonti & Formenti, 2020) in which to imagine and design new landscapes of living for people with disabilities.

Dopo un lungo iter legislativo, è stata approvata la Direttiva n. 2021/2101/UE che assoggetta ad un regime di pubblicità la “rendicontazione Paese per Paese” cui le multinazionali erano già tenute ai fini dello scambio obbligatorio di informazioni (in forza della DAC 4). Il presente contributo esamina la ratio, i soggetti coinvolti, le modalità attuative ed il contenuto dei nuovi obblighi di pubblicazione, evidenziando alcuni profili critici del procedimento legislativo adottato e dando conto del complesso bilanciamento fra trasparenza e tutela dei segreti industriali o commerciali., Following a long legislative process, the EU passed the Directive no. 2021/2101/EU which makes available to the public those “Country-by-Country reports” that have been so far circulated among the domestic tax authorities through the automatic exchange of information. This paper introduces the subjective and objective scope of the Directive and discusses the rationale for the new publicity requirement. Furthermore, it makes some critical remarks concerning the legislative basis and voting procedure adopted and the issue of balancing tax transparency goals with the protection of trade secrets.

The Control of Movida: Giving Voice to the Nightgoers of Turin Nightlife in the city center (or the so-called movida in Italian) has become in our country a new arena of urban conflict regarding the use of public space, despite the numerous strategies implemented by local governments to limit its negative impacts. Thirty semi-structured interviews have been conducted among young and adult nightgoers of Turin to investigate their point of view on the main initiatives aimed to control the movida of their city. Namely, the focus is on different forms of law enforcement and the municipal ordinances that forbid glass and take-away alcohol consumption in public areas. The paper shows that nightgoers do not evaluate these kinds of strategies aprioristically, by refusing any governance of the movida. Instead, building on their direct experiences, they diversify their opinions according to the positive and negative consequences produced by each measure. In general, the different generational impact of these initiatives is evident since they are primarily directed towards controlling young people’s practices and spaces.

Questo lavoro costituisce una riflessione sulle potenzialità delle metodologie didattiche che pongono al centro il fenomeno della dissonanza o conflitto cognitivo. In una società multiculturale e sempre più polarizzata, la capacità di mettere in discussione le proprie credenze e i propri comportamenti è sicuramente una delle competenze che il sistema educativo dovrebbe promuovere, e lo sviluppo di tale competenza è strettamente legato alla gestione efficace dell’esperienza della dissonanza originata da nuove informazioni. Partendo da una breve ricostruzione della letteratura pedagogica e psicologica sul tema, si cercherà di analizzare la complessità del fenomeno della dissonanza cognitiva proponendo una spiegazione dei risultati contraddittori della ricerca empirica, individuando come principali nodi problematici la gestione emotiva del conflitto e il ruolo dell’insegnante in quanto facilitatore del processo di cambiamento concettuale., This paper is a reflection on the potential of teaching methodologies that focus on the phenomenon of dissonance or cognitive conflict. In a multicultural and increasingly polarized society, the capacity to question one’s own beliefs and behaviors is certainly one of the skills that the educational system should promote, and the development of this competence is closely related to the effective control of the experience of dissonance originated by new information. Starting from a brief reconstruction of the pedagogical and psychological literature on the subject, I will try to analyze the complexity of the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance by proposing an explanation of the contradictory results of empirical research, identifying as the main problematic nodes the emotional regulation of conflict and the role of the teacher as a facilitator of the process of conceptual change.

The paper comments on the recent approval of the inclusion of an express reference to environmental protection in the framework of the fundamental principles of the Italian Constitution, as well as some changes in the provisions on the limits and direction of economic activity. The protection of the environment does not represent a new task for the State since the Constitutional Court had already deduced it interpreting the notion of landscape and the right to health. Nevertheless, the constitutional reform gives renewed attention to the methods and measures implemented so far and in the future by the legislator.

Alla luce di una sintetica ma mirata analisi di materiale edito e inedito, il presente contributo si propone di indagare il complesso dei rapporti personali, intellettuali e scientifici intercorsi tra Ludwig Binswanger e il suo “venerato maestro e amico” Eugen Bleuler tra il 1907 e il 1939. Binswanger, che iniziò la sua carriera di psichiatra proprio come assistente volontario presso la Clinica psichiatrica universitaria di Zurigo (il “Burghölzli”), pur manifestando una particolare ammirazione per la “figura spirituale” di Bleuler e per alcune sue specifiche innovazioni teoriche in senso clinico-strutturale, non ha tuttavia mancato di sottolineare alcuni elementi di criticità nella sua concezione della natura umana, come il monismo determinista della sua "Naturgeschichte der Seele" del 1921., By a brief and focused analysis of published and unpublished material, this paper investigates the complex of personal, intellectual and scientific relationship between Ludwig Binswanger and his “revered teacher and friend” Eugen Bleuler from 1907 to 1939. As known, Binswanger’s career in psychiatry began at the “Burghölzli” Clinic in Zurich. Although Binswanger showed particular admiration for Bleuler’s “spiritual figure” and for some of his specific theoretical innovations in the clinical-structural sense, he did not fail to criticize some features of his conception of human nature, like the determinist monism conveyed in his 1921 "Naturgeschichte der Seele".