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In this paper, we explore econometrically the impact of judicial efficiency on the attractiveness to FDI of Italian municipalities. The distinctive contribution of this paper is manifold. First, we consider the efficiency of different types of judicial proceedings (i.e. enforcement of civil contracts and labour contracts) across local courts and of different judgment levels (i.e. first and second instance courts). Secondly, we consider an ideal case: Italy is a centralized country, where the same laws apply in all the national territory, but the degree of law enforcement varies considerably across different courts. Lastly, our results have interesting policy implications, since they may help in highlighting the importance of non-targeted FDI policies as factors driving the location choice of MNEs.

After the economic crisis started in 2008 and the following wave of public expenditure retrenchment in many European countries (especially in the Southern area), the capacity of cities to enable their local systems to attract economic and social resources has become crucial. Among the cities that showed this capacity, Milan is a relevant case. The Milan center-left administration has inaugurated a new approach to foster local economic development and to tackle unemployment based on sharing and collaborative policies. In this paper we present the results of a research program started in 2015. We have analyzed all the ‘strategy’ documents presenting a vision of the future city, and interviewed the main stakeholders, in public and private organizations. A neo-institutional theoretical framework helped us to focus on the tension of coordination, especially between the city and the region, and between the city and the national government. The force of collaborative and cooperative ties at the micro and meso levels has been a source of innovation and deliberate change, but limited and challenged by tensions coming from the macro level. The experience reconstructed in this paper highlights the strengths but also the limitations of the city approach, which has proved effective in including new actors but that, in the presence of not coordinated actors and with a low institutionalization of their capacity for collective action, shows some difficulties in the implementation phase.

How may we relate child drawing to that produced by adults? Under what conditions may children’s graphic productions be viewed as key steps towards constructing knowledge and intensifying their gaze? This paper proposes possible lines of interpretation and action, which, in keeping with numerous existing studies, take drawing to be a crucial dimension within a broader developmental trajectory. Children’s drawing has been a focus of interest in the field of didactics and pedagogy - and studied in increasing depth - since 1887, when historian and archaeologist Corrado Ricci published a book on the topic entitled L’arte dei bambini [Children’s Art]. The many studies, especially in the fields of psychology and education, that have been conducted to date have variously interpreted children’s drawing as a visible and verifiable sign of the development of intelligence or, in contrast, as fulfilling purely communicative and emotional purposes, that is to say, as a manifestation of feeling. Differing interpretations of children’s graphic art have also been proposed based on how their productions are viewed. Some authors attribute children with artistic capacities, in the broadest sense of the term, while others define both their early scribbles and later, more defined drawing work as a medium for experimentation as they progressively encounter objective reality. In this paper, after offering a brief overview of some of the more representative studies and turning points in the history of children’s art, I focus on the potential inherent in childhood drawing, with a view to defining some of its aims and functions, including the potential ways in which it can engage with artistic heritage.

Purpose: There is uncertainty in the literature on whether the presence of keratinized tissue (KT) ameliorates the state of peri-implant tissue health. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to synthesize evidence on the association between peri-implant keratinization, defined as adequate (≥ 2 mm) or inadequate (0 to 2 mm), and peri-implant health and stability, measured as tissue inflammation, plaque accumulation, tendency to bleeding, and probing depth (PD). Materials and Methods: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered on PROSPERO. According to predefined inclusion criteria, full papers for potentially eligible studies resulted from electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and OpenGrey) and screening of titles/abstracts. Publication bias and risk of bias in primary studies were assessed. The primary outcome was gingival inflammation, measured with Gingival Index (GI) and modified Gingival Index (mGI). Additional outcomes were plaque accumulation (mPI/PI), bleeding (bleeding on probing/modified Bleeding Index), and PD. For each outcome, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing the adequate group (≥ 2 mm, KT1) and the inadequate group (< 2 mm, KT0) KT width. The mean number of implants and proportion of mandibular implants were investigated as potential causes of heterogeneity using meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding low-quality studies. Results: From 362 screened studies, a total of 15 papers were included in the systematic review, and 8 articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was found for all outcomes. The main analysis showed a statistically significant association between adequate KT level and a lower mGI-GI (standard mean difference [SMD] KT1 vs KT0 = -1.25, 95% CI = -2.12 to 0.37, P = .01). For plaque accumulation (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI = -2.36 to 0.00, P = .05), bleeding (SD = -1

The paper explains why the latest Italian provisions on foreigners are unconstitutional. The new entry and residence restrictions violate both fundamental rights and the system of law sources; on the other hand, they fail in guaranteeing security as well as in providing effective rules for immigration. Firstly, constitutional, international and European guarantees on the legal status of foreigners seem to be intrinsically weak in the short term. On one hand, excluding foreigners from the electorate stresses the democratic principle and may endanger also the personalist principle; that could foster the adoption of rules which restrict those guarantees, just aiming to reassure those voters who perceive immigration as a treat to their own security. On the other hand, according to the Constitutional Court security itself is a value that the legislator must take into account in regulating immigration outside the field of fundamental rights of foreigners, albeit with many limits, and such legislator's choices on entry and residence must respect the only limit of not being manifestly unreasonable. However, the very meaning of the Law is at stake when unlawful, inconsistent or ineffective rules, adopted by an unconstitutional or exceptional use of certain sources of law, follow one another: those rules aim to regulate migration, even if migration is an ordinary phenomenon with objective characteristics that must be taken in account by lawmakers and that aren't avoidable even if border controls and the right of asylum are both outsourced. The paper focuses on the inability of European countries to adopt in EU a common and effective regulation of migration: in the absence of such common regulation, each country responds with the illusion of restore his borders and his full sovereignty, to the extent of barring his ports, disposing refusals of entry and even at the point that Parliament legitimate illegal physical oppression of personal freedom made by government authorities.

This paper deals with social mix in the context of social housing projects in Milan. Based on qualitative approach combining case studies and interviews, the paper shows how social mix is implemented by several Third Sector housing organisations, and discusses its distinct interpretations in relation to discourses, practices and target groups. This paper contributes towards a better understanding of the role of social mix within the most recent developments in the social housing system in Italy.

Millennials and Religion: Divergence or Continuity Compared to the Generation of their Parents? ·This paper deals with the relationship between Millennials and religion with the aim at determining whether this generation diverges from that of their mothers and fathers also from the point of view of religious identity and experience. The paper is divided into two parts: a literature review on the theme of generational differences in religious identity and experience with reference to the Italian context and a second part dedicated to data analysis. We analyze approximately 3,700 questionnaires on this issue completed by students attending the University of Milano-Bicocca.

The BRAIN (Botanical Records of Archaeobotany Italian Network) database and network was developed by the cooperation of archaeobotanists working on Italian archaeological sites. Examples of recent research including pollen or other plant remains in analytical and synthetic papers are reported as an exemplar reference list. This paper retraces the main steps of the creation of BRAIN, from the scientific need for the first research cooperation to the website which has a free online access since 2015.

The paper aims at assessing the impact of the extractiveness of institutions on the size of the informal economy. After the identification of the variables suitable to proxy the distinct features of institutions, among which their extractiveness, the paper offers a battery of cross-section regressions over two large samples of developed and developing countries. The results suggest that the extractiveness of institutions is a significant determinant of the size of the informal economy and that greater informality is associated with a higher perceived distrust in formal institutions. The results are robust to the inclusion of standard controls, as well as proxies for culture, generalized trust and generalized morality

In this paper, we share the first results of a triadic ethnographic conversation (Sawyer, Norris, 2013) using different kinds of writing, pictures and “evocative objects” (Bollas, 2009) as a way of knowing (Heron, 1996). Our collaboration, not least in an international research workshop about gender in art and adult education, and involving other voices in order to enrich or challenge our narratives, will be a starting point for critical reflection. Our research method incorporates theories of dialogue, life history, aesthetic representation, and transformation.Our aim, then, is to explore some dilemmas brought in our lives by a feminist self-positioning: about learning, about our theory and practice of research, about the imagination and representation of gender, especially in art and adult education, about the embodiment of identity, knowing, and social justice

La multiculturalità che caratterizza il contesto sociale europeo (e globale) presenta un effetto moltiplicatore: “accentua i rischi della guerra ai simboli, che diverrebbe guerra di tutti contro tutti, e moltiplica la forza dell’accoglienza, che renderebbe la società casa comune di tutte le fedi e dei loro segni ”. Sotto questa lente dovrebbe leggersi anche il fattore religioso, che assume un ruolo problematizzante su due opposte dimensioni, individuale e collettiva, pubblica e privata. Anche il diritto del lavoro si pone al confine dei due ambiti: rappresenta il mezzo di sostentamento economico del lavoratore e costituisce uno strumento di emancipazione individuale, ma si pone in un contesto produttivo collettivo, con tendenze contemporaneamente cooperative e competitive. In questo ambiente complesso di espressione, il pluralismo religioso sembra allora potersi porre come problema e soluzione di profonde questioni giuridiche e sociali, per affrontare le quali pare sensato, sic parvis magna, partire da un caso concreto di discriminazione in fase di assunzione, Starting from a case of direct discrimination on the ground of religion during the access to employment, the paper deals with the issue of impediments to women wearing the veil in the workplace as a form of multifactorial discrimination, because of the impact on gender policies, and as an obstacle against islamic women cultural emancipation. Another issue addressed is the right of the worker to express his/her identity at the workplace, assessing whether the employer can place aesthetic requirements. Finally, the paper analyzes the acceptance of indirect discrimination, that may be justified when the objective of differences of treatment is legitimate, as the corporate neutrality, reflecting on the need for the workplace to be a democratic place, where all differences could be expressed

Obiettivo e motivazione del paper. Obiettivo principale del paper è quello di raccontare la storia del Museo del Paesaggio e della sua produzione artistica, partendo dai suoi fondatori, i quali hanno creduto in un luogo con lo scopo di generare una coscienza artistica in cui i cittadini potessero riconoscersi, tutelando un patrimonio artistico inestimabile, che le successive generazioni hanno ereditato. Lo scopo del Museo del Paesaggio non era quello di promuovere l’arte locale e venir considerato come una piccola accademia provinciale, ma quello di incitare a produrre dal terreno paesano cose che potessero interessare tutta la nazione. I fondatori ritenevano che “non era possibile un’educazione nazionale senza il medium di una determinata regione, senza l’ubi consistam di una unità comunale” . In tal senso il paesaggio, più che un’opera statica di conservazione di bellezze naturali viene considerato come un’opera di educazione alla bellezza e al rispetto della natura. Dallo studio sarà possibile evidenziare come il bilancio sociale sviluppatosi negli ultimi 20 anni, fosse già una prassi praticata da molti enti culturali già nei primi anni del 900. La Relazione morale e finanziaria era infatti in forma embrionale ciò che oggi chiamiamo bilancio sociale, che comunicava risultati a consuntivo, progetti futuri, ma in particolare parlava ai portatori di interesse, (Ministero, Enti locali, Istituti di Credito, Camere di Commercio, operatori di settore, culturale e turistico, Privati, Duchi e Duchesse, Presidi di complessi scolastici), al fine di incitare a una coscienza comune, all’educazione della bellezza, alla protezione dell’arte nelle sue forme, anche quelle paesaggistiche. Le testimonianze e le carte contabili dimostrano un lungo percorso di sostenitori pubblici e privati e una grande capacità di attrarre finanziamenti comunicando la difesa della bellezza delle proprie radici, la tutela del patrimonio artistico e paesaggistico, con lo scopo di promuovere un luogo d

In this paper, we share the first results of a triadic ethnographic conversation (Sawyer, Norris, 2013) using different kinds of writing, pictures and “evocative objects” (Bollas, 2009) as a way of knowing (Heron, 1996). Our collaboration, not least in an international research workshop about gender in art and adult education, and involving other voices in order to enrich or challenge our narratives, will be a starting point for critical reflection. Our research method incorporates theories of dialogue, life history, aesthetic representation, and transformation.Our aim, then, is to explore some dilemmas brought in our lives by a feminist self-positioning: about learning, about our theory and practice of research, about the imagination and representation of gender, especially in art and adult education, about the embodiment of identity, knowing, and social justice

L’impatto delle attività antropiche sui cambiamenti climatici ha indotto diversi studiosi ad affermare che ci troviamo in una nuova era geologica, definita sulla scorta del lavoro di Paul J. Crutzen come “Antropocene”. L’ipotesi da cui prende le mosse il paper è che l’odierna crisi ecologica sia anche e allo stesso tempo una crisi culturale. Essa infatti non chiama in causa solamente gli effetti dei comportamenti individuali e collettivi sugli ecosistemi, ma anche le premesse ontologiche, epistemologiche, etiche, politiche che sottostanno a tali comportamenti. Ciò significa che per affrontare la crisi ambientale occorre problematizzare i paradigmi dominanti – improntati prevalentemente a una logica antropocentrica – e assumere nuove prospettive di ricerca, di azione e di pensiero che permettano di sperimentare inedite forme di vita, nonché di imparare come poter abitare il mondo attraverso linguaggi e pratiche ecologicamente sostenibili. Si tratta di inscriversi in quell’asse di trasformazione della realtà contemporanea che Rosi Braidotti ha chiamato “divenire terra”, espressione con cui la filosofa indica il riposizionamento dinamico dell’anthropos nella biosfera. Nel paper si esplorerà dunque l’asse del “divenire terra”, al fine di mostrarne le implicazioni educative e di mettere in luce il contributo della pedagogia al mutamento paradigmatico in atto.

Il contributo presenta un percorso di ricerca-supervisione svolto con un gruppo di insegnanti specializzati nel sostegno ed educatori impegnati in un progetto di Scuola Potenziata, nonché da insegnanti di classe. Come è noto, la scuola potenziata rientra tra le sperimentazioni (ex legge 104/1992) finalizzate ad evitare rischi di grave emarginazione sociale. Il percorso, realizzato grazie alla collaborazione del Comune di Bergamo, del Centro Studi Riccardo Massa, delle cooperative sociali Ser.E.NA e Alchimia nell’ambito del progetto “Dalla scuola dell’autonomia a quella dell’inclusione: la qualità dell’esperienza scolastica”, è stato finalizzato alla ri-condivisione del senso di “fare scuola potenziata”, ripensando inclusione e personalizzazione degli interventi nei confronti di alunni/e in grave situazione di disabilità o con BES. A partire dalle pratiche didattico-educative quotidiane, si è quindi focalizzato sul rapporto tra modo di essere e fare gruppo e tipo di lavoro educativo effettivamente svolto. Il contributo intende evidenziare potenzialità e criticità di un approccio alla formazione in servizio che ha cercato di coniugare ricerca e supervisione. Ciò è stato possibile grazie ad alcune attenzioni metodologiche che hanno portato gradualmente i partecipanti ad assumere una postura di ricerca. Il progetto ha dunque permesso agli insegnanti di interrogarsi sulle questioni critiche del lavoro educativo quotidiano, This paper introduces a research/supervision project that involved a group of teachers specialized in supporting students with disabilities, educators, and teachers of primary school, all of them working in a “Scuola Potenziata” (School with special classes) of Bergamo, Italy. This project, named “From the School of Autonomy to the School of Inclusion: the quality of school experience”, was developed by the Municipality of Bergamo, the Riccardo Massa Study Centre, and the social cooperatives Ser.E.NA and Alchimia. The project investigated the sense of making “Scuola potenziata”, re-thinking the process of inclusion and the personalization of the intervention for students living in serious conditions of disability or with special needs. Starting from everyday educational practices, the project focused on the relation between participants’ way of “being a group”, and the educational work actually carried on with students. The paper highlights both strength and critical aspects of our teachers’ training approach, which tried to combine research and supervision. This mix of research/supervision intervention has been realized thanks to some methodological choices. Accordingly, participants were involved in a research process, and gradually assumed a researcher posture. Therefore, the project allowed teachers and educators to reflect critically on crucial issues of their everyday work

L’assetto del sistema di programmazione, controllo e valutazione dei risultati nelle amministrazioni pubbliche è fortemente influenzato dalle norme giuridiche. Se queste vengono interpretate a prescindere dai fabbisogni conoscitivi del management e degli amministratori vi è il rischio che tali sistemi diventino burocratici e privi di utilità decisionale. Attraverso l’analisi di un caso di studio il presente articolo intende contribuire al dibattito sulle recenti riforme in tema di misurazione e valutazione della performance indicando alcune condizioni per favorire l’efficacia dei processi di implementazione all’interno delle aziende pubbliche. Il caso evidenzia come l’integrazione con il ciclo di bilancio e il sostegno del processo di cambiamento da parte del management e degli amministratori siano due elementi fondamentali per progettare sistemi di controllo manageriale efficaci., Legislation plays a pivotal role in the implementation of new organizational rules in public sector organizations. In governmental settings in which the use of management control systems is mandated by law there is a real risk of bureaucratic implementation if internal decision-makers’ needs are ignored. Based on a case study analysis of a regional government, this paper provides evidence of potential influences of legal requirements on the design and use of managerial control systems. The paper explains the process of institutionalization of new budgetary control and reporting rules required by law. The empirical evidence indicates that political and managerial support, as well as a strong link between political strategy and budget structure, are critical for building useful management control systems., La structure du système de planification, de contrôle et d’évaluation des résultats dans les administrations publiques est fortement influencés par les normes juridiques. Si les règles juridiques sont interprétées indépendamment des besoins cognitifs de la direction et des administrateurs, il y a un risque que ces systèmes deviennent bureaucratiques et de n’avoir aucune utilité décisionnelle. Cet article, avec l’analyse d’une étude de cas, a l’intention de contribuer au débat sur les récentes réformes dans le domaine de la mesure et de l’évaluation de la performance, indiquant certaines conditions pour promouvoir l’efficacité des processus de réalisation dans les administrations publiques. Ce cas montre comment l’intégration avec le cycle budgétaire et le soutien du processus de changement par la direction et les administrateurs sont deux éléments clés dans la conception de systèmes de contrôle managériaux efficaces.

In this paper, we aim at describing and analyzing relative constructions realized through dove (‘where’) from a sociolinguistic perspective. We focus on both written and spoken data of the so called italiano giornalistico (‘journalistic Italian’), i.e. a variety that can be considered close to the neo-standard one and thus can be located in the sociolinguistic center of the contemporary Italian architecture. In particular, we consider the occurrences in which dove covers functions that are not taken into account by grammars. Through the chi-squared test, we verify the correlation between non-standard variants and both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. In the last part of the paper, we show that dove has undergone a semantic widening not only in sociolinguistically marked varieties, but also in the neo-standard one (Berruto 2012 [1987]); furthermore, we discuss how this process can be related to the notions of changes from below and demotization of the standard variety.

Individual freedom, social justice and the struggle against oppression: Carlo Rosselli’s liberal socialism The paper is aimed at stressing the political, moral and intellectual legacy of Carlo Rosselli, eighty years after his assassination together with his brother Nello, occurred in France in 1937. While a vast historical literature is devoted to the movement of Justice and Freedom and many political circles are dedicated to the Rosselli brothers in several Italian cities, despite some exceptions, the significance of Rosselli's liberal socialism has not been yet adequately reconsidered from the viewpoint of political philosophy. Therefore, the following paper is aimed at reconstructing the main theoretical significance of both Liberal socialism and the movement Justice and Freedom in the light of present debates on social justice and liberal democracies. In the end I will try to support the idea that liberal socialism is a persistent tradition because of the relentless claims for social justice, the defense of individual freedoms and the respect of human dignity

The paper aims at assessing the impact of the extractiveness of institutions on the size of the informal economy. After the identification of the variables suitable to proxy the distinct features of institutions, among which their extractiveness, the paper offers a battery of cross-section regressions over two large samples of developed and developing countries. The results suggest that the extractiveness of institutions is a significant determinant of the size of the informal economy and that greater informality is associated with a higher perceived distrust in formal institutions. The results are robust to the inclusion of standard controls, as well as proxies for culture, generalized trust and generalized morality

White collars and mafias. The dangerous relations in the economy of Northern Italy Relations with external individuals define organizations as much as their internal structures and members. Individuals formally external to the organizational structure can play a major role, especially within criminal organizations. In the mafias, members’ low human capital is balanced with their ability to cooperate with individuals who have specific professional skills, such as accountants, police officers, and politicians. Drawing information on almost 40 recent investigations on mafia networks in Northern Italy, this paper analyses the profile and activities of the professionals involved in mafias’ illicit business. All 60 identified professionals acted as either knowledge brokers (i.e. connecting mafiosi with the individuals needed to pursue their illicit goals), knowledge providers (i.e. providing mafiosi with the technical skills necessary for certain criminal activities), or both. These white collars are particularly crucial in the settlement of mafias outside of their territories of origin. Knowledge brokers and providers indeed reduce the cost of information for the mafias, which in turn allows them to proliferate in new territories. The paper concludes by underlying how mafias’ relations with external actors should be incorporated in the study of mafia organizations

L’articolo riguarda i problemi interpretativi relativi all’individuazione della disciplina legislativa attualmente applicabile ai servizi di trasporto pubblico. Tale disciplina è stata in parte modificata nel 2009, prevedendo un ampliamento degli obblighi a carico dell’attività di noleggio con conducente. Le modifiche sono state quasi subito sospese e il termine della sospensione è stato continuamente rinviato, generando una situazione di precarietà e incertezza; la sospensione di efficacia non è infatti testualmente riferita alle disposizioni vigenti, ma alla disposizione che ha introdotto le modifiche. Alcuni giudici hanno così stabilito che durante il periodo di sospensione debba ritenersi nuovamente applicabile la disciplina previgente, soluzione in base alla quale i servizi offerti da Uber dovrebbero essere inibiti in quanto non conformi a tali prescrizioni; altri giudici hanno invece ritenuto che al momento non sia applicabile né la disciplina anteriore, ormai abrogata, né quella formalmente vigente, in quanto sospesa, e pertanto Uber potrebbe continuare a operare in Italia. La valutazione di questa complessa questione intertemporale offre l’occasione per una riflessione sulla possibilità di reviviscenza di norme abrogate a seguito di vicende che riguardano la disposizione “modificatrice”, The paper explores the difficulties in interpreting Italian law on public transport services. This law was partially amended in 2009 to widen the requirements on vehicle hire with driver services. Those amendments have been suspended soon after, and since then the end of suspension has been repeatedly postponed. Since the suspension is referred to the amending provision, some Courts declared temporary reviving the repealed law, while other Courts declared the absence of any specific rule; on that basis, Uber services in Italy could be banned or not. In the light of this matter, the paper focuses on the possible revival of the repealed law due to the suspension of the amending provision

In this paper, we reflect on artistic languages and education from a new materialism perspective. First, we examine how adopting a new materialist stance allows scholars and practitioners of education to view the performing arts in education as performative practices: an ongoing intra-activity of human and non-human elements. Read performing arts through this lens can become resources for re-thinking and enacting educational practice as ‘affirmative’, and the subject as an embedded and embodied subjectivity. Second, we further explore these concepts based on an example of how art has materially come into action at the ‘C. Beccaria’ Youth Detention Center in Milan. We illustrate how the theatre laboratory and the opening of a door have transformed the delivery of education within the institution: the young detainees are given the opportunity to immerse themselves in a system of signs and meanings that are different to those of prison life, and which, materialized and translated into the here and now of everyday life, make it feasible for them to enact new ways of taking part in the world. In sum, we show how theatre work as a performative practice lays the ground for ‘challenging’ the notion of re-education and developing a broader concept of prison as a place of culture and social inclusion.

This paper presents the outcomes of a project carried out with Cesano Boscone students (5th-6th grade), consistent with the National Operational Programme, For School - Competences and Learning Environments, 2014-2020 (MIUR), on citizenship education in an intercultural and interdisciplinary perspective, with a focus on an aware use of social networks. The project was evaluated using the “fourth generation” approach, activating a reflexive comparison between participants. The results of the thematic analysis of the focus groups with teachers highlighted the effectiveness of the educational alliance between teachers and educators and the assumption of a reflective attitude towards their own practices

Italy was one of the first western countries to embrace the first wave of COVID-19 and undergo detrimental outcomes in older adults in different clinical settings, especially in those with comorbidity and frailty. In addition, older nursing home (NH) residents had significantly higher mortality rates most likely due to the increased susceptibility of infection due to combined physical vulnerability and risks linked to the NH living environment itself. Different reports throughout Italy have rapidly highlighted selected outcomes related to COVID-19 in older patients being treated in acute and long-term care (LTC) settings. However, the majority of these studies are single center studies. Thus, it remains fundamental to collect large data from prospective based-population studies in order to identify preventive and therapeutic COVID-19 risk/protective factors correlated with COVID-19 health status outcomes. In this commentary paper, we will discuss different Italian reports according to clinical settings and highlight the importance of GeroCovid Observational and GeroCovid Vax, two large population based prospective studies in Italy.

​Lo scritto si sofferma sul complesso fenomeno delle videoriprese investigative. Nel perdurante silenzio legislativo, il “diritto giurisprudenziale” sembra essere l’esclusiva fonte di regolamentazione delle videoregistrazioni. Gli orientamenti della Cassazione, tuttavia, ricorrono a un patologico richiamo all’articolo 189 c.p.p. per dare copertura a prove irrituali, in aperto conflitto con la disciplina costituzionale del processo penale., This paper addressed the complex phenomenon of investigative video footage. Because of the perpetual silence of the legislator, the case law has become the exclusive source of regulation of video recording. An in-depth study of the case law highlights the pathological use of Article 189 of the Italian Criminal Code because, by referring to atypical evidence, one acquires irregular evidence that clashes with the constitutional pillars of the criminal trial.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the real-life adherence of Italian rheumatologist to the 2013 EULAR recommendations and treatment outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who started a conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD). Methods The MITRA study is an Italian multicentre observational cohort focused on treatment naïve RA patients with early diagnosis recruited in an 18-month period starting from 2015. The data related to treatment with csDMARDs during the following 12 months follow-up were presented in this paper. Results Two-hundred and fifty-nine RA patients from MITRA cohort who had a follow-up visit and started a csDMARD were included in the prospective analysis. Methotrexate was started as first conventional DMARD in 224 (86.4%) patients. During the first year after starting conventional DMARDs, 175 (67.6%) RA patients reached the pre-specified target, which was DAS28 remission (<2.6) for 112 (43.2%) patients and LDA (<3.2) for 63 (24.3%) patients. Factors that negatively impacted the target achievement were fibromyalgia (HR: 0.2 [0.05-0.81]), HAQ-DI (HR: 0.72 [0.56-0.93]) and ESR (HR: 0.99 [0.99-1]). Globally, 33 (12.7%) patients started a biologic DMARD, while 61 out of 84 (72.6%) patients who had never reached the target remained on conventional DMARD. One-hundred and ninety-three adverse events (AEs) were recorded, the majority classified as mild (91 cases, 51%). Conclusion A high proportion of RA patients achieved the target during the first-year follow-up. However, a considerable portion of RA patients did not start a biological drug although the target was never reached. AEs remain frequent with conventional DMARDs, but the majority were mild.

This paper focuses on local networks of agents operating to counteract education dropouts. We use the opportunity of data collection organized for monitoring a national project named REACT to investigate how inter-organisational partnerships might counteract education poverty. We describe the structure and features of operational and institutional networks in eight socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods located in four Italian cities. Examining the evolution of networks over time (before and after the intervention), we ask whether the active promotion of networks increases their role and effectiveness. We observe that both operative and institutional networks involved agents from different social domains; an encouraging result that states the need for composite skills and resources to deal with school dropouts. In addition, all entities involved in these networks played similar roles with no hierarchy; therefore, the networks showed a lack of governance leading to weak embeddedness. The REACT project seemed to be successful in enabling networking; in all urban neighbourhoods, the presence of private-sector organizations in networks increased and they became denser. Nonetheless, no cohesion among entities was created, and embeddedness is still lacking. Overall, our results suggest a lack of governance in local networks fighting school dropouts and call for future attention to this area when promoting education communities.

Sebbene il concetto di FinTech – o Tecnofinanza – sia ampiamente utilizzato dagli operatori finanziari e nella letteratura scientifica, l’assenza di una definizione univoca genera possibili difficoltà nella qualificazione del fenomeno. In questo lavoro, proponiamo una nuova definizione di FinTech basata su un’analisi testuale orientata a categorizzare le imprese finanziate degli investimenti in equity da parte di investitori Venture Capital (VC) e Private Equity (PE). Attraverso un’analisi testuale, classifichiamo gli investimenti in VC e PE tra operazioni FinTech e altri tipi di operazioni, sfruttando informazioni qualitative e quantitative dei progetti finanziati in equity in tutto il mondo. Questo nuovo approccio alla definizione di FinTech viene quindi utilizzato per analizzare la distribuzione settoriale, geografica e temporale degli investimenti in equity. Studiamo infine i trend più recenti del fenomeno FinTech, attraverso un’analisi empirica a livello globale. I risultati econometrici indicano come l’incertezza e il potenziale aumento della rischiosità degli investimenti generati dalla pandemia siano accompagnati da un calo contenuto del volume degli investimenti in FinTech, mentre riscontriamo effetti meno significativi in termini di di numerosità delle transazioni in particolare nelle prime fasi della pandemia. Tali risultati suggeriscono come gli operatori VC e PE abbiano continuato a finanziare le imprese del comparto FinTech durante la pandemia, pur limitando i volumi investiti al fine di ridurre il rischio in fasi di forte incertezza., Although the concept of FinTech - or Technofinance - is widely adopted by financial players and in the scientific literature, the absence of an unambiguous definition generates possible challenges in qualifying the phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a new definition of FinTech based on a textual analysis aimed at categorising firms financed by equity investments from Venture Capital (VC) and Private Equity (PE) investors. Through textual analysis, we categorise VC and PE investments between FinTech and other types of transactions, exploiting qualitative and quantitative information of equity-funded projects worldwide. This new approach to the definition of FinTech is then used to analyse the sectoral, geographical and temporal distribution of equity investments. Lastly, we study the most recent trends of the FinTech phenomenon through an empirical analysis at the worldwide level. The econometric results indicate that the uncertainty and potential increase in investment riskiness generated by the pandemic are associated with a limited decline in the volume of investment in FinTech, while we find less significant effects in terms of deal size particularly in the early stages of the pandemic. These results suggest that VC and PE players have continued to finance FinTechs during the pandemic, while limiting the volumes invested to reduce risk in periods of high uncertainty

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) show cognitive deficits that are subject to an earlier deterioration and they experience difficulties in the social-emotional sphere. Various stimulation techniques exist to strengthen these skills that, however, are not usually proposed to individuals with ID because 1) the users are not necessarily in senile age, nor do they have an acquired impairment that requires rehabilitation. Consequently, it is erroneously assumed that their condition cannot be improved. 2) The standard pathways include socio-educational objectives, but not specifically neuro-cognitive ones. We believe that divergent thinking and creativity could be particularly suitable and proficient areas of intervention to promote a flexible, original, and autonomous thinking that can be extended in many different domains. To do so, we designed a research-intervention project named SoCraTEs (Social-emotional, Creative, and Thinking Enhancement), which is aimed at empowering these areas of interest, proposing creativity as an elective tool. In this paper we illustrate the results of a preliminary phase where we first explored the relationship between the aforementioned abilities to identify the most significant components that had the greatest potential. We found that creative abilities are strongly related to attentional, mnestic, and emotional skills, together with personal autonomy in everyday life. Implications for future research are discussed.

This paper proposes a juridical comparison between Italian and Ireland constitutional systems about the crucial issue of referendum. Particularly, it focalizes this comparison to the constitutional referendum in both countries: a very interesting comparison field to understand some fundamental elements of these two constitutional Charters. In this context, the comparative perspective about direct democracy is very useful to show the different ideas of popular sovereignty inside Italian and Irish constitutionalism, and to argue about the historical and theoretical reasons of this difference.

Il contributo propone una riflessione pedagogica sulle situazioni di emergenza volta a concepirle innanzitutto come esperienze di educazione informale contraddistinte da un intenso disagio sociale ed esistenziale che, al di là di ogni intenzione, produce effetti di ordine formativo, incidendo in modo inaspettato, sconvolgente e drammatico, seppur potenzialmente generativo, sui corsi di vita individuali e collettivi. Nel paper si intende inoltre promuovere un’interpretazione del disagio ispirata a una cornice teorica neomaterialista, che attraverso le categorie di tempo, spazio, corpo, affetto, significato possa mostrare le determinazioni sociomateriali che nelle emergenze producono effetti socio-educativi, tenendo in considerazione elementi di analisi che si rivelano utili nella misura in cui permettono di interrogare il rapporto tra soggettività e materialità, al fine di comprendere come aiutare i soggetti a “reggere le svolte senza crollare”.

The paper aims to explore the inclusive potential of the teaching method of reading and writing called Writing and Reading Workshop limited to its application in the context of a vocational school. The study, in accor dance with the principles of the student voice movement, is conducted through the analysis of the point of view of nine students belonging to a fourth grade that participated in the WRW in the curricular course of Italian. This exploratory research is intended to provide an initial identi fication of the factors of inclusiveness of the WRW method through the description of the students’ perceived learning in the area of writing skills and changes in their relationship with literary culture. A thematic analysis has been conducted on the textual data, collected through semi-structured interviews, which allowed us to identify two inclusive processes: a) the per ception of a growing sense of self-efficacy regarding written composition skills; b) the expression of a perspective change in perceiving the act of reading and writing in terms of personal practice.

Starting from an analysis of the scientific literature on models of masculinities in the field of Men's and Masculinities Studies, the results of a qualitative research on retail work, investigated through 2 focus groups and 50 interviews and analysed from a gender perspective, are presented. The paper is focused on the (self) representations of workers in the shopping streets of Milan and London, in particular in the telephony and fast fashion sector, characterized by well known brands of national and multinational companies and by processes of feminization of the workforce linked with gender stereotypes. The research show how the retail work is considered a "women's job", and how it is often taken for granted by male and female retail workers that the boys here employed are homosexual, precisely because of their work activity. Furthermore, thanks to this study a specific model of masculinity, observed in both the research contexts, is identified. This model presents itself as fluid, out of the box, counter-current with respect to the heteronormative and binary pressures present in the contemporary society, and yet includes some ambivalent elements that intersect with each other. In fact, the model emerged from the empirical material evidences also modes of gender expression coherently inserted in the places of consumption and retail, and in a work activity that falls within the sphere of the emotional labour (Hochschild 1983), whose fundamental aspects are specifically the establishing of an empathetic relationship with customers by workers, their listening and their caring for others, and contextually their caring for their own appearance, clothing and aesthetics. Instead, in the telephony sector, on the one hand, the entrenchment of gender stereotypes and, on the other hand, at the same time, a segmentation of them is noted: the sales activity is generically associated with the "feminine", but the issues concerning technical and technological aspects are represe

Nell’ambito della riflessione sul ruolo dell’adulto nel gioco, nel contesto dei servizi educativi e delle scuole per l’infanzia, il contributo presenta una riflessione su un tipo particolare di gioco sociale che in letteratura è denominato “gioco turbolento” o “gioco scatenato” (dall’inglese Rough and Tumble play, Harlow et. al, 1962; Blurton Jones, 1967): una forma di gioco che interessa molto i bambini, soprattutto negli anni della scuola dell’infanzia, ma che spesso preoccupa gli adulti (insegnanti e genitori) perché ritenuto potenzialmente pericoloso e poco educativo. Attraverso interviste e focus group sono state esplorate le idee e i vissuti di un gruppo di educatrici del nido e insegnanti della scuola dell’infanzia, che possono aprire occasioni di confronto sul tema delle relazioni tra bambini, da approfondire nei gruppi di lavoro, ma anche con i genitori., With a focus on adult’s role in physical play, the paper presents a reflection on a form of play, rough and tumble play (Harlow et al. 1962; Blurton Jones, 1967) that is of great interest to children and that often worries adults (teachers and parents): the analysis of some examples from teacher’s and educator’s focus groups in ECEC context, can suggest opportunities for discussion and insights between colleagues and with parents too.

In this paper, we exploit some geometric-differential techniques to prove the strong Lefschetz property in degree 1 for a complete intersection standard Artinian Gorenstein algebra of codimension 6 presented by quadrics. We prove also some strong Lefschetz properties for the same kind of Artinian algebras in higher codimensions. Moreover, we analyze some loci that come naturally into the picture of “special” Artinian algebras: for them we give some geometric descriptions and show a connection between the non emptiness of the so-called non-Lefschetz locus in degree 1 and the “lifting” of a weak Lefschetz property to an algebra from one of its quotients.

Financial education became a prominent concern in many countries in the aftermath of the 2008 economic and financial crisis. Since then, a lack of financial literacy has been deemed to prevent people from developing adequate self-protection strategies against both financial and social risks. This same issue has been raised during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the poor financial ‘resilience’ of households to shocks and stresses. Starting from this assumption, its improvement turned into a key objective for policymakers and regulators at European and international level. This article concentrates on financial education with a view to exploring the wider relationship between finance, social policy and the governance of uncertainty and risks. It draws on the sociological literature on the financialisation and changing paradigms of welfare states to discuss the normative substrate of financial education. Based on this and a case study analysis, this paper shows how financial education has renewed pressure on the dynamics of depoliticisation and individualisation of risks and uncertainty management.

With conversational platforms like online forums offering researchers insightful deposits of human traces, considering the opportunities and limits of studying online interpersonal communication is crucial for social scientists. Building on lessons learned from a personal research journey, this paper presents the rationale behind using natural online data, ethical considerations, and practical advice to choose a context of data collection, generate and analyze a proper database. The contribution homes in on epistemological, ethical, and methodological perspectives to provide scholars with guidance on some strategies to select, read, and scrutinize online interactional data in an ethically informed and methodologically sound fashion.

The aim of this paper is to locate coaching within the field of sport and physical activity scholarship. In this regard, the volume Studies in Sports Coaching authored by Robyn L. Jones, sketches out a critical sport coaching paradigm. Drawing on this perspective, (micro)sociological studies on coaching allow to address a wide range of pedagogic, political, and symbolic processes. It is argued that analyzing situated interactions and language in use provides a powerful means for deconstructing the taken-for-granted aspects of the daily coaching endeavor. This focus can also sustain an effort to break down the communication gap between the scholars and the coaches, conjoining the communities on action-research initiatives primarily concerned in reconstructing the sporting cultures.

How do children learn to segment words in their writing? What are the characteristics of the improper segmentations produced by children? Answering these questions implies analysing large corpora of texts written by first grade pupils, which are difficult to analyse using automatic language processing (TAL). This paper therefore intends to make a twofold contribution to linguistic and didactic research: on the one hand, it aims to describe an automatic model for analysing texts with unconventional spelling and, on the other hand, to describe, analyse and understand the phenomenon of word segmentation in order to make the learning-teaching relationship more coherent.

Il carcere non è, non dovrebbe essere, una segreta: nascosto e non saputo. È piuttosto il perno di un nuovo modo di punire; quello moderno. Forse è vero che siamo usciti dalla Modernità, se i detenuti, più che rieducarsi, vi apprendono del loro destino. Diverso il caso in oggetto. Visionata la documentazione – in particolare: i diari degli operatori e di alcuni dei detenuti e gli artefatti: poesie, ma anche forme di pane e calchi in gesso – ho provato a riscostruirne «l’avventura». Seguendo il filo degli avvenimenti e i commenti dei protagonisti, ho inteso esercitare un’attenzione clinica sul materiale. Il mio lavoro interpretativo – immaginativo più che descrittivo, già selettivo per riferimenti, giudizi e note – ha voluto praticare l’atteggiamento di chi si china sul dato per dirlo. Ho provato a far parlare le carte secondo quell’“ascolto loquace” che Michel Foucault attribuisce ai medici quando sapevano far corrispondere le parole alle cose senza violare le profondità di un corpo. Il corpo vivo, non cadavere, è infatti il protagonista di questa narrazione., Prison is not a secret, neither hidden nor unknown. It works as a pivot for a new way to punish: the modern one. Perhaps it is true that we have emerged from Modernity, if convicted, in prison, learn their destiny instead of re-educating themselves. This case is different. After viewing the documentation - the diaries of operators and prisoners as well as their artifacts (poems, writings but also bread pieces and plaster casts) - I tried to re-collect their “adventure”. Following the events and the comments of the protagonists, I have chosen to exercise clinical attention. My interpretation work – imaginative rather than descriptive, yet selective in terms of references, judgments, notes – aims at practicing the attitude of one who looks closely at data to say it. I have tried to let papers talk, according to the style Michel Foucault gives to doctors when they knew how to match words to things without violating bodies. A living body, not dead, is the true protagonist of this narrative.

This paper aims to provide an overview of variably scaled kernels introduced in [10] and review their applications highlighting the contribution by Stefano De Marchi and his collaborators, especially in the theoretical study of the so–called variably scaled discontinuous kernels.

Il patrimonio culturale, materiale e immateriale, è un territorio estremamente rilevante in tutte le società e in particolare in quella contemporanea. È un “luogo” denso di significati, talvolta non completamente accessibili o condivisi nelle loro interpretazioni e nelle azioni che possono scaturire. Ancora oggi, per entrare in rapporto con il patrimonio culturale, una sensazione diffusa è quella che sia obbligatorio avere una guida, che sappia fornire i contenuti corretti e le modalità di avvicinamento più appropriate. Il rapporto personale e collettivo con il patrimonio risulta quindi necessariamente mediato e la voce interpretativa fornita come un già dato, in cui non vengono prese in considerazione espressioni dissonanti. In questo contributo si vuole riflettere, nello specifico, su alcuni percorsi di ricerca e di studio compiuti a partire dal 2014, realizzati in diversi luoghi della Lombardia: Bergamo, Isola Comacina, Villa Carlotta, Mantova, Sabbioneta, il quartiere di Milano dove è presente l’università Bicocca. Osservando quanto è stato fatto nel tempo si può dire che è cresciuta la consapevolezza, in qualità di ricercatori, di come sia importante coinvolgere, in tutte le fasi dei progetti, la popolazione, le comunità e i diversi professionisti del patrimonio e come l’ascolto, l’osservazione e la documentazione siano tasselli fondamentali per dar vita a percorsi non episodici, ma radicati e significativi., The Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is a key territorial asset for all societies, especially in our contemporary era. It is a "place" full of meanings that are not always fully accessible and prompts interpretations and actions that are not always universally shared. Still today, it is persistently and widely believed that to engage with cultural heritage, it is essential to have a guide to suggest the best cultural content and the most appropriate ways to approach it. Thus, our personal and collective relationships with heritage are inevitably mediated by others, with the interpretative voice presented to us as a given, while divergent perspectives are not taken into account. The specific focus of this paper is a series of research and study initiatives implemented from 2016 to date, at a range of sites across Lombardy (Italy): Bergamo, Isola Comacina, Villa Carlotta, Mantua, Sabbioneta, and the district of Milan where the Bicocca University is located. Over time, the cumulative outcomes of this work have reinforced the researchers' awareness of the importance of involving the public, communities, and the various heritage specialists at all stages of the projects and the key role of listening, observation, and documentation in fostering deep-rooted and meaningful trajectories rather than “once-off” experiences.

This paper focuses on the project activities carried out by ENEA on Industrial Symbiosis (IS) as part of the CREIAMO project, funded by CARIPLO Foundation, aimed at identifying and promoting new destinations and economic opportunities for by-products and waste deriving from the olive and wine sectors, under a circular economy perspective. Due to the pandemic, the ENEA’s methodology for promoting and implementing IS has been adapted in order to perform from remote all the activities with the companies involved. An engagement campaign was carried out in the territory of Brescia with the support of several local associations. The IS – Operative Meeting (OM) with enterprises was held remotely on 19 February 2021. About 100 potential synergistic actions have been identified, mainly involving material resources. Following an initial processing of data, summary reports were prepared, one for each company. Significant resource flows were selected according to the quantities involved and to their economic value. As an output of this work, two technical handbooks have been drawn up for companies that are willing to transform synergies from theory to practice.

Verificare lo stato dei rapporti fra ordinamento interno e ordinamento sovranazionale a partire dalla giurisprudenza è certamente limitativo. Tuttavia, nel processo di integrazione, il dialogo fra Corti ha avuto – e ha tuttora – un peso singolare, costituendo la trama portante delle varie stagioni dell’evoluzione europea stessa. Analizzata attraverso le lenti della giurisprudenza, la crisi del progetto di integrazione europea si rispecchia in una oramai incalzante serie di decisioni delle Corti costituzionali e supreme degli Stati membri in contrasto con i principi fondamentali dell’ordinamento europeo. Non stupisce, come si è detto, che la giurisprudenza segni il territorio dello scontro più aperto., This paper aims to look into the recent strains of the European integration process through the lenses of the Member States’ constitutional resistance to the principle of EU law primacy. By focusing on a comparative analysis of the Lisbon saga and the subsequent trend of judicial rebellion, the essay retraces the identity and ultra vires review circulating across a wide variety of national constitutional and supreme courts until the groundbreaking Weiss decision of the BVerfG. The article finally argues that the latest conflict on the rule of law and European values which has been taking place in the CJEU’s case law marks a turning point in the judicial dialogue crisis.

In questo articolo si presenta una ricerca esplorativa circoscritta di carattere qualitativo che ha per oggetto i Gruppi di Lettura con l’obiettivo di indagare le valenze pedagogiche della lettura e della sua condivisione durante i mesi di isolamento causati dall’emergenza sanitaria Covid-19. Attraverso interviste strutturate, somministrate in forma scritta, si sono raccolte le esperienze di 73 adulti partecipanti a vari circoli di lettori, nelle provincie di Milano e Bergamo. I risultati mostrano come, pur attraverso l’inusuale modalità online, incontrarsi per discutere di libri sia stata modalità di difesa dal dolore del reale, spazio di relazione e confronto nell’isolamento ma anche possibilità di affermazione di sé, in un’ottica di resistenza rispetto a una situazione di forte limitazione della libertà individuale. A partire dall’analisi di quanto avvenuto, questo studio intende delineare le potenzialità dei Gruppi di Lettura quali ambienti pedagogici aperti sull’altrove e portatori di cambiamento., This paper presents qualitative research that focus on the Reading Groups. The aim is to understand the values of reading and discussing books in group, during the months of lockdown, caused by the Covid-19 health emergency. Using written and structured interviews, we collected the experiences of 73 adult participants in Reading Group in Milan and Bergamo provinces. The results show how, even by the unusual online mode, the Reading Group was a way to defend oneself from the pain of reality, a space of relationship in isolation and a possibility of self-assertion, in situation of strong limitation of individual freedom. Starting from the analysis of what happened, this study wants to outline the potential of Reading Groups as pedagogical environments to produce change.

Il saggio analizza la regolamentazione relativa alla sperimentazione su strada pubblica dei veicoli a guida autonoma nel contesto italiano, alla luce del c.d. Decreto Smart Roads. L’analisi si sofferma in particolare sulla figura del “supervisore” , chiamato a vigilare sul funzionamento del sistema automatico nella fase di test. La presenza di questa figura professionale, dotata di specifici compiti, avvalora la scelta di conservare un regime giuridico tutto sommato “tradizionale”, relativamente al profilo della allocazione delle responsabilità, che tende a equiparare il “supervisore” al “conducente”. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata al delicato fenomeno del c.d. “switch” che determina il passaggio del controllo del veicolo dal sistema automatico alla persona fisica. La nuova normativa introduce poi previsioni relative alla sicurezza dei veicoli, anche con rifermento ai “cyber risk”, e rafforza altresì la copertura assicurativa obbligatoria allo scopo di assicurare la massima tu- tela dei potenziali danneggiati. Se le regole proposte appaiono un primo tentativo di disciplinare il fenomeno “disruptive” della guida automatizzata, ad un più attento esame, molte delle scelte normative del Decreto sembrano però da rimeditare ove la fase della sperimentazione lasci spazio a quella della autorizzazione, in via generale, di tali nuovi veicoli alla circolazione su strada, che porrà nuove sfide anche per il settore assicurativo. The paper examines the Italian rules relating to the experimentation on public roads of self-driving vehicles, in the light of the so-called Smart Roads Decree. The analysis focuses in particular on the figure of the “supervisor”, called to monitor the operation of the automatic system in the test phase. The presence of this professional figure, entrusted with specific tasks and duties, supports the choice of maintaining a “traditional” and conservative legal regime, in relation to the profile of the allocation of responsibilities for damages der

Our paper proposes a method of combining probability and non-probability samples to improve analytic inference on logistic regression model parameters. A Bayesian framework is considered where only a small probability sample is available and the information from a parallel non-probability sample is provided naturally through the prior. A simulation study is run applying several informative priors. Comparisons on the performance of the models are studied with reference to their mean-squared error (MSE). In general, the informative priors reduce the MSE or, in the worst-case scenario, perform equivalently to non-informative priors.

The research, developed since 2019 within the working on discussion group of the SIRD Observatory «Didactics and Disciplinary Knowledge» investigates teachers’ representations of discussion as a teaching strategy, their use of it, and the outcomes they pursue. This paper presents an analysis of questionnaires administered to 70 teachers, from pre-school to secondary school, attending a training on scientific culture. The instrument, developed from a literature review, has been revised through several pilot administrations. It was developed one definition of discussion, focused on use for knowledge building, was flanked in the questionnaire by two others – the second focused on sharing and comparing ideas and the third on participation and group building – asking teachers to identify which one responded most to their own practice. Teachers who use it mostly choose the second definition, in contrast those who do not use it prefer the first and only a few the third. Also responses on critical issues show differences between teachers who use and do not use discussion: the former identify as obstacles the behavior management and mutual respect, the latter the risk of influencing others’ opinions and the occurrence of a nonlinear learning process., La ricerca, sviluppata a partire dal 2019 all’interno del gruppo di lavoro sulla discussione dell’Osservatorio SIRD “Didattica e saperi disciplinari”, indaga le rappresentazioni degli insegnanti sulla discussione come strategia didattica, l’uso che ne fanno e gli obiettivi formativi che perseguono. Si presenta l’analisi di questionari somministrati a 70 docenti, dalla scuola dell’infanzia alla secondaria di primo grado, frequentanti una formazione sulla cultura scientifica. Lo strumento, costruito sulla base di un’analisi della letteratura, è stato rivisto grazie a somministrazioni pilota. Si è elaborata una definizione di discussione, focalizzata sull’utilizzo per la costruzione di conoscenza, affiancata nel questionario da altre due – la seconda incentrata sulla condivisione e confronto di idee e la terza sulla partecipazione e la costruzione del gruppo – chiedendo di individuare quale rispondesse maggiormente alla propria pratica. Gli in- segnanti che la utilizzano scelgono prevalentemente la seconda definizione, al contrario coloro che non la utilizzano preferiscono la prima e solo in pochi la terza. Anche le risposte alla domanda sulle criticità mostrano differenze tra gli insegnanti che usano e non usano la discussione: i primi individuano come ostacoli il con- trollo della condotta e del rispetto reciproco, i secondi il rischio di influenzare le opinioni altrui e l’instaurarsi di un processo d’apprendimento non lineare.

In this paper, the relationship between job professions and requested skills for getting a job in Italian Labour market is investigated using a dynamic approach searching for trends during the considered period. From a methodological point of view, a multi-way dataset considering internal and external sources is analysed drawing time trajectories using a Weighted Factor Analysis. In particular, for the IT and Digital industry the profiles of workers recruited by The Adecco Group in Italy in the period 2018-2021 have been analysed detecting evidences and movements.

Geography and “the visual” are an inseparable duo: a powerful relationship that elicits research and papers in both geographic research and academic geography. Starting from the commentary on Giorda’s book, this short essay proposes a general reflection on the function that visual teaching aids (maps, images) have in producing and reproducing geographical stereotypes and imagery. The commentary specifically focuses on the value that work such as Giorda’s has for those involved in research in the field of geography in education today.