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Il contributo prende in considerazione alcuni aspetti della didattica, quali il profilo professionale dell’insegnante, la relazione educativa, il ruolo del gruppo dei pari, la progettazione degli spazi, l’accoglimento delle molteplici differenze. Tali aspetti sono stati affrontati con riflessioni significative e feconde anche prima dell’età moderna e lungo tutta la storia della pedagogia, seppure, a volte, in maniera svincolata gli uni dagli altri. Il contributo analizza il problema del ruolo dell’insegnante, inteso come trasmettitore di conoscenze o piuttosto come figura che sa gestire la relazione, e che sa suscita spirito critico: questa tematica sorge fin dall’epoca antica e riemerge in diversi autori successivi. Il paper sottolinea poi come la tematica della relazione educativa si è intrecciata in maniera inscindibile con quella delle metodologie, della motivazione, della disciplina, del gruppo dei pari, così come la progettazione degli spazi è da sempre connessa con l’immagine di infanzia e di scuola che ciascuna epoca ha prodotto., This paper analyzes some aspects of teaching, such as the professional profile of the teacher, the educational relationship, the role of the peer group, the design of spaces, the acceptance of multiple differences. These aspects were addressed with meaningful and fruitful reflections even before the modern age and throughout the history of education, although separately. The paper analyzes the problem of the role of the teacher, intended as a transmitter of knowledge or rather as a figure who knows how to manage the relationship, and who knows arouses critical spirit: this theme arises since ancient times and re-emerges in several later authors. The paper then emphasizes that the theme of the educational relationship is inextricably intertwined with that of methodologies, motivation, discipline, peer group; It also points out that the design of spaces has always been connected with the image of childhood and school that each era has produced

In this paper we frame the problem of obtaining estimates from the sur- vey on the employment status of graduates in Italy as a Small Area Estimation problem because of unit nonresponse. We propose to use generalized linear mixed models and to include two variables that can be considered proxies of the response propensity among the set of covariates to make the MAR assumption more tenable. Estimates for degree programmes are obtained as (semi-parametric) empirical best predictions.

The global pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus and the measures taken to face it have upset the organization of individual and collective existence, with respect to time, spaces, relationships and habits that marked our daily life. Therefore, also schools and educational services are in the middle of a sudden change that has affected both education professionals (educators, teachers) and pupils. The pandemic situation has suddenly shown that it is necessary to orient educational and social reflection to the links existing between spheres of existence usually considered as separate. The reference to adult education is significant, because the tenets of dualist and anthropocentric thought appear more deeply rooted in adult subjects. Our proposal is to reassemble the human with the environment through a perspective we termed “Ecologies of Education”, that will be discussed by the present paper.

In this paper, we explore econometrically the impact of judicial efficiency on the attractiveness to FDI of Italian municipalities. The distinctive contribution of this paper is manifold. First, we consider the efficiency of different types of judicial proceedings (i.e. enforcement of civil contracts and labour contracts) across local courts and of different judgment levels (i.e. first and second instance courts). Secondly, we consider an ideal case: Italy is a centralized country, where the same laws apply in all the national territory, but the degree of law enforcement varies considerably across different courts. Lastly, our results have interesting policy implications, since they may help in highlighting the importance of non-targeted FDI policies as factors driving the location choice of MNEs.

Our paper proposes a method of combining probability and non-probability samples to improve analytic inference on logistic regression model parameters. A Bayesian framework is considered where only a small probability sample is available and the information from a parallel non-probability sample is provided naturally through the prior. A simulation study is run applying several informative priors. Comparisons on the performance of the models are studied with reference to their mean-squared error (MSE). In general, the informative priors reduce the MSE or, in the worst-case scenario, perform equivalently to non-informative priors.

The paper elaborates a practical theory bridging educational studies with social sciences, humanities, and arts, and reinterpreting the role of feminist pedagogies in adult education as democratic transformative practices. Feminist pedagogies offer several principles for educational settings: reciprocity, shared responsibility, community building, individual voice, respect for diversity, and challenging fixed ways of doing or thinking, such as clichés, normalization, etc. We are all exposed to stereotypes and closed narratives; we can learn from each other how to build freedom from anti-ecological discourses, interrogating our own interdependence in learning and unlearning. This is not only a ‘women affair’: it regards all citizens and involves the individual, relational and social levels of systemic life. The present proposal discusses some research experiences using embodied narrative methods to illuminate the experience of diverse actors and sustain transformative relationships, beyond traditional boundaries in cultural institutions. Participation entails coexistence with ‘otherness’ and critical reflexivity about its construction. The study involves unexpected audiences in contemporary art museums: adults who may feel excluded from art and culture, namely for the persistence of unequal gender representations and discourses. Museums are public spaces that shape their audiences’ experiences related to gender, class, etc. Are these intersectional identities represented in equitable ways? How can new ecologies for life and learning be established? In these participatory research projects, the museums can be partners in constructing alternative spaces of encounter for feminist practices, connecting social sciences, humanities, and art as a performative way of building knowledge and embodied awareness of the affordances of spaces.

The paper elaborates a practical theory bridging educational studies with social sciences, humanities, and arts, and reinterpreting the role of feminist pedagogies in adult education as democratic transformative practices. Feminist pedagogies offer several principles for educational settings: reciprocity, shared responsibility, community building, individual voice, respect for diversity, and challenging fixed ways of doing or thinking, such as clichés, normalization, etc. We are all exposed to stereotypes and closed narratives; we can learn from each other how to build freedom from anti-ecological discourses, interrogating our own interdependence in learning and unlearning. This is not only a ‘women affair’: it regards all citizens and involves the individual, relational and social levels of systemic life. The present proposal discusses some research experiences using embodied narrative methods to illuminate the experience of diverse actors and sustain transformative relationships, beyond traditional boundaries in cultural institutions. Participation entails coexistence with ‘otherness’ and critical reflexivity about its construction. The study involves unexpected audiences in contemporary art museums: adults who may feel excluded from art and culture, namely for the persistence of unequal gender representations and discourses. Museums are public spaces that shape their audiences’ experiences related to gender, class, etc. Are these intersectional identities represented in equitable ways? How can new ecologies for life and learning be established? In these participatory research projects, the museums can be partners in constructing alternative spaces of encounter for feminist practices, connecting social sciences, humanities, and art as a performative way of building knowledge and embodied awareness of the affordances of spaces.

Il saggio offre un’attenta decostruzione del concetto di “disagio” e in particolare di “disagio educativo”. L’intento è quello di costruire la cornice teorica che permetta di approcciare in modo meno ingenuo e più critico il fenomeno del disagio educativo, mostrando come esso si presenti nell’articolazione di tre tipologie di disagio: il disagio degli educatori, degli educandi, dei servizi. Il riferimento alla Clinica della Formazione è prezioso sia nel pensare il disagio, sia nel pensare e realizzare la consulenza pedagogica nel disagio educativo. Il saggio evidenzia come tale riferimento possa essere declinato nella pratica consulenziale da un punto di vista epistemologico e metodologico., The object of te paper is the consultancy in educational discomfort. At the beginning, it offers an accurate deconstruction of the meanings of “discomfort”, and in particular of the meanings of the “educational discomfort”. It aims to build the theoretical framework that allows to approach the phenomenon of educational disease through a critical stance. Therefore, it shows that this phenomenon is articulated in three kind of discomfort: the education discomfort, the educators’ discomfort, and the services discomfort. This dimensions are reciprocally related. This is the reason way the educational discomfort required that a consultant acquire a complex glance to research about it and to act accordingly. From this point of view, the “Clinical-Educational approach” (Clinica della Formazione) can be an important reference point for a pedagogical consultant. Referring to a casework, the paper shows how the practice of pedagogical consultancy can be carried out in this framework.

This paper focuses on a traineeship experience for students of the Master Degree Course in Pedagogical Sciences at the University of Milano Bicocca. After an introduction on the complexity related to the profile of adult educators, the paper will discuss the fundamental assumptions that oriented the provisional traineeship structure and the role of tutors. After the critical process of evaluation of a pilot course, the paper will focus on the transition from a traineeship with a research-based approach to a guidance model with a blended-learning one.

In questo contributo sono presentati i risultati emersi da una ricerca qualitativa avente come oggetto d'indagine il processo dell'accettabilità sociale delle biotecnologie a base di virus. Tale ricerca, avvalendosi di focus group creativi, ha esplorato la costruzione di senso emergente da parte di non esperti di fronti ad un'innovazione che contraddice il senso comune. Il processo dell'accettabilità sociale di questo genere di biotecnologie è stato esplorato anche in relazione all'emergenza pandemica di Covid-19 ed infine è stato condensato in un modello socio-comunicativo potenzialmente utile nell'affrontare divari di conoscenza tra scienza e società., This paper presents the results of qualitative research investigating the process of social acceptability of virus-based biotechnology. This research, using creative focus groups, explored the emergent sense-making of non-experts in the face of an innovation that contradicts common sense. The process of social acceptability of this kind of biotechnology was also explored in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic emergence and finally condensed into a socio-communication model potentially useful in addressing knowledge gaps between science and society.

Il cambiamento climatico negli ultimi anni ha ottenuto uno spazio piuttosto autonomo nell'agenda mediatica, a causa di un aumento nella frequenza degli eventi meteorologici estremi, come piogge e precipitazioni nevose intense e grandinate improvvise e dell'impatto drammatico che causano sulle attività umane. In questo contributo verrà esaminato il processo di circolazione della conoscenza meteorologica mettendo a fuoco le fasi della previsione, come produzione tecnico-scientifica del dato, e della comunicazione, come produzione della notizia meteorologica, per poi identificare alcune criticità inerenti al livello del consumo, ovvero agli usi dell'informazione da parte del pubblico, siano essi singoli cittadini, stakeholders o istituzioni. A partire da tale triangolazione è possibile individuare spazi di intervento per la mitigazione del rischio e per una gestione partecipata del cambiamento climatico-sociale., In recent years, climate change has gained a rather autonomous space on the media agenda, due to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, such as heavy rain and snowfall and sudden hailstorms, and the dramatic impact they cause on human activities. This paper will examine the process of circulation of meteorological knowledge, focusing on the phases of forecasting, as the technical and scientific production of data, and communication, as the production of meteorological news, and then identifying some critical issues concerning the level of consumption, i.e. the use of information by the public, whether they are individual citizens, stakeholders or institutions. Starting from this triangulation, it is possible to identify areas of intervention for risk mitigation and participatory management of climate-social change.

Mario Lodi (1922-2014) was a teacher who left a significant mark on the history of Italian education and whose work continues to be studied by teachers in training today. His school journals (1963, 1970, 1974), and joint compositions with his pupils (1960, 1961, 1972) allow students of education to reflect on the practices he implemented in the classroom, as he learned to value the voices of the children and to flexibly and intentionally design his educational action, as well as documenting and assessing it. On 17 February 2022, we celebrate the centenary of Mario Lodi’s birth, a landmark that prompts us to rediscover his work, including portions of it that have received scant attention to date. A distinctive aspect of his professional career was his interest in children’s multiple languages, especially their expressive languages and use of colour. In 1989, Mario Lodi founded the Casa delle Arti e del Gioco [House of Arts and Play], while in 1992, in collaboration with the Galleria Gottardo of Lugano he staged L’Arte del Bambino [Child Art], which soon became a travelling exhibition and which successfully illustrated the importance of children’s artistic productions, from their earliest scribbles through their discovery of abstract forms of expression. This paper explores Mario Lodi’s contribution to the domain of colour education for children, based on passages from his autobiographical writings and projects that he conducted with children, which still today are viewed to be of great value and impact for contemporary didactics: colour as a medium for expressing feelings and a communicative force to be integrated into everyday educational trajectories.

Il saggio riflette su necessità e peculiarità, anche relazionali, delle famiglie con un solo genitore, contestualizzando la situazione italiana all’interno del più ampio panorama internazionale. Se, da un lato, sono evidenti molteplici criticità connesse con l’isolamento sociale che deriva dalle difficoltà di conciliazione tra responsabilità familiari e lavorative, dall’altro anche madri e padri soli possono attivare reti e sviluppare solidarietà e resilienza. Il ruolo dell’associazionismo, in tempi di estrema incertezza, è e resta fondamentale per produrre gli scambi sociali necessari a sostenere i processi di empowerment di madri e padri soli., The aim of this chapter is to focus on lone mothers and fathers in Italy: their characteristics, needs and social relations. Lone parents (especially lone mothers) have often been described from a deficit perspective as people who lack a partner, a co-parent and/or an additional income provider. They also face considerably greater challenges while trying to balance parenting with work life. However, lone parents constitute a very diverse group and are surrounded by different social relationships and networks of support. The paper concludes that single parents’ associations can help improve the wellbeing of lone parents and their children, especially in pandemic times.

In contemporary cities football stadiums are significant and representative places. San Siro, Parc des Princes, Wembley, Maracanã, Anfield immediately evoke the cities where these stadiums are: Milan, Paris, London, Rio de Janeiro, Liverpool ... For several decades the football stadiums have undergone deep transformations originating both in the changes taking place in the world of football and in the new forms and models of urban governance. The stadium experiences changes in its functions, in its internal and surrounding spaces, in its populations. This paper intends to draw a concise account of the historical models of stadiums to discuss the current configurations of these places, relating them to the wider transformations that run through contemporary cities.

Se l’esperienza della relazione contraddistingue l’esperienza educativa, oggi la stessa relazione educativa sembra essere messa in crisi da tendenze che provocano, tra gli effetti più evidenti, un’erosione dell’autorità, della fiducia e della solidarietà: dimensioni essenziali della relazione educativa. Questa situazione, così diffusa da esprimersi in un disagio strisciante in ogni contesto educativo, chiede ai professionisti dell’educazione di essere affrontata attraverso strategie non improvvisate e condivise. La sfida è importante, in quanto gli stessi educatori sono anch’essi immersi in quello stesso intreccio di tensioni e richieste che cambia i connotati dell’esperienza della relazione, nei contesti educativi come nei contesti di vita, offuscando, giorno dopo giorno, il senso della relazione educativa. Restituire senso a tale relazione è dunque un’impresa tanto necessaria quanto problematica. Da questo punto di vista, emerge l’esigenza di aver cura della relazione educativa: occorre non darla per scontata e ripensarne le condizioni di possibilità. Nel presente articolo, si individueranno alcune attenzioni metodologiche e pedagogiche che possono consentire agli educatori e alle educatrici di abitare la problematicità delle relazioni educative senza negarne la complessità, ma generando le condizioni perché la relazione con gli educandi possa divenire educativa. In particolare, si metterà in luce l’esigenza di lavorare sulla presenza professionale e sulle dimensioni, materiali e simboliche, che strutturano i contesti educativi stessi., Although the relationship distinguishes the educational experience, today it seems to be shocked by some trends that corrode its essential dimensions as authority, trust, and solidarity. This situation chracterizes all the educational contexts and shows itself through a widespread discomfort. Therefore, it has to be faced by educators and teachers through not extemporary and shared strategies. This is very challenging, because the educators and teachers are influenced by the same social trends that impact on the experience of the relationship, hiding day by day its sense. Restoring this sense is fundamental, but also problematic. From a pedagogical point of view, facing this challenge needs to take care of the educational relationship. This implies not taking it from granted and rethinking the conditions that make it possible. This paper focuses on pedagogical and methodological attentions that can allow educators and teachers to stay on and manage the complexity of the educational relationship, building the conditions that make the relationship an educational one. In particular, it highlights the need to consider the professional “presence” and both the material and symbolic dimensions that structure the educational contexts.

Color is one of the most influential assets in the language of visual design. It is often used to emphasize, differentiate or to connotate graphic messages in many different contexts from brand to interface design. Many of our interactions with the physical or digital environment surrounding us are mediated by chromatic information. Although color blindness is not explicitly considered a physical impairment, it could be, therefore, a limitation in everyday life. In particular, many of the signage and wayfinding system, such as traffic light, street signs, and so on are mainly based on the color codex. Moreover, in undergrounds maps, wayfinding scheme, archigraphy, brand, and signage plans and artifacts make broad use of color language. The paper presents and discusses this issues according to the Universal design/Design 4 all principles from a theoretical point of view. Then, research maps and exemplifies some of the most relevant case studies in the history of underground signage design from the London Tube to the Porto project. In the end, the article proposes and debate the best practice and guideline of inclusive color signage design strategies.

The paper is concerned with the question, How does the signifier "barbarism" work? as opposed to the more canonical question, What is barbarism?. The move is meant to shift focus from reflection on the content of the notion to reflection over its theorethical functioning within some specific discursive strategies. Three of these strategies are discussed: Lèvi-Strauss's understanding of "barbarism" in Race and History; the ancient use of the antonymous concepts "Greeg/barbarian" as interpreted in contemporary Greek scholarship; and Michel Henry's view of "barbarism" as the negation of life. A distinction is drawn between relational uses of the signifier, which are said to be of an anthropological character, and non-relational, disjunctive uses, which may serve the purpose of interiorizing barbarism's threat.

Color is one of the most influential assets in the language of visual design. It is often used to emphasize, differentiate or to connotate graphic messages in many different contexts from brand to interface design. Many of our interactions with the physical or digital environment surrounding us are mediated by chromatic information. Although color blindness is not explicitly considered a physical impairment, it could be, therefore, a limitation in everyday life. In particular, many of the signage and wayfinding system, such as traffic light, street signs, and so on are mainly based on the color codex. Moreover, in undergrounds maps, wayfinding scheme, archigraphy, brand, and signage plans and artifacts make broad use of color language. The paper presents and discusses this issues according to the Universal design/Design 4 all principles from a theoretical point of view. Then, research maps and exemplifies some of the most relevant case studies in the history of underground signage design from the London Tube to the Porto project. In the end, the article proposes and debate the best practice and guideline of inclusive color signage design strategies.

Dopo un breve inquadramento delle competenze riguardanti la materia «turismo» nell’ordinamento dell’Unione Europea, in particolare nel Trattato di Lisbona del 2009, il lavoro si sofferma sulla rilevanza delle autonomie locali nell’ordinamento sovranazionale, sempre nell’ambito della stessa materia. Viene poi affrontato il tema dei fondi strutturali europei e delle altre fonti di finanziamento che interessano indirettamente la materia «turismo» che le regioni e le autonomie locali possono comunque usufruire, a meno che non si tratti delle Iniziative Comunitarie-IC che consentono all’UE un finanziamento diretto, come nel caso dello sviluppo dei progetti transfrontalieri, transnazionali e interregionali di cui al programma Interreg, specie il V, al quale il Friuli Venezia Giulia, e quindi anche Grado, è specificamente interessata. La riflessione finale è dedicata allo scenario futuro dell’UE con specifico riferimento ad un ipotetico rilancio delle autonomie locali e ad un ulteriore sviluppo del settore del turismo a partire dall’analisi del Libro bianco della Commissione europea del marzo 2017., After a short framework of the competences regarding the subjet-matter «tourism» in the EU legal system, especially in the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon, the work dwells on relevance of local government in the supranational legal system itself. The issue of structural funds and of other sources of financing that indirectly affect the subject-matter «tourism» that the regions and local government can still use, is then dealt with, unless it is the Community Initiative-IC that allow the EU direct funding, as in the case of the development of cross-border, transnational and interregional projects in the Interreg program, especially the V, to which the Friuli Venezia Giulia, then also Grado, is particularly interested. The final reflection is dedicated to the future scenario of the EU with a specific hypothetical revival of local government and a further development of the tourism sector starting from the analysis of the White Paper of the European Commission of March 2017.

Grazie ai dati forniti dai manoscritti ibaditi scoperti di recente, è ora possibile confrontare le opere letterarie delle regioni orientali del Nord Africa con il materiale abbondante in berbero medievale proveniente da ovest (principalmente dal sud del Marocco). Il berbero orientale antico era in precedenza quasi sconosciuto a causa della mancanza di registrazioni scritte, mentre le varietà occidentali erano già abbastanza conosciute attraverso molti testi. Questa situazione mutata fornisce una nuova direzione della ricerca in Berberologia e consente una migliore comprensione dei diversi percorsi diacronici presi dalle lingue berbere orientali e occidentali nella loro evoluzione nel corso degli ultimi secoli. Questo intervento presenta i risultati di una breve comparazione limitata ad alcuni tratti, al fine di identificare somiglianze e differenze tra le lingue parlate nelle due parti del mondo berbero, ai livelli di lessico, fonetica e morfosintassi, Thanks to the data provided by the recently discovered Ibadite manuscripts, it is now possible to compare the literary works of the eastern regions of North Africa with the abundant evidence of medieval Berber coming from the west (mainly from southern Morocco). Ancient Eastern Berber was previously almost unknown due to the lack of written records, while the Western varieties were already fairly well known through many texts. This changed situation provides a new direction of research in Berberology and allows for a better understanding of the different diachronic paths taken by the Eastern and Western Berber languages in their evolution during the last centuries. This paper presents the results of a brief comparison of some features in order to identify similarities and differences between the languages spoken in the two parts of the Berber world, at the levels of lexicon, phonetics and morphosyntax

8,5% of the population (8% of man and 0,4% of women). It is considered a physical impairment in some context of communication and interactions where a huge part of the messages is carried by color language and chromatic signs. In a world where most of the interactions online or experienced in mobile devices are still based on graphical interfaces, this condition could be a limit in everyday life. According to WAI - Web Accessibility Initiative launched by W3Consortium and the Italian law n. 4/2004 (Legge Stanca), visual and interface design have now defined guideline to allow a better user experience also for color-blind people. The paper proposes a critical review of the design paradigms, discussing the role of colors and contrast both as a visual language component and accessibility issue underlining the recent evolution raised by the introduction of mobile devices and the ecosystem approach to digital environments

This paper proposes a novel approach to provide directional forecasts for carry trade strategies; this approach is based on Support VectorMachines (SVM), a Learning algorithm which delivers extremely promising results. Building on recent findings of the literature on carry trade we condition the SVM on indicators of uncertainty and risk; we show that this provides a dramatic improvement of the performance of the strategy, in particular during periods of financial distress such as the recent financial crises. Disentangling between measures of risk we show that the best performances are obtained by conditioning the SVM on measures of liquidity risk rather than on market volatility

This paper proposes a novel approach to provide directional forecasts for carry trade strategies; this approach is based on Support VectorMachines (SVM), a Learning algorithm which delivers extremely promising results. Building on recent findings of the literature on carry trade we condition the SVM on indicators of uncertainty and risk; we show that this provides a dramatic improvement of the performance of the strategy, in particular during periods of financial distress such as the recent financial crises. Disentangling between measures of risk we show that the best performances are obtained by conditioning the SVM on measures of liquidity risk rather than on market volatility

Il contributo analizza alcun punti chiave che attraversano la storia della pedagogia occidentale. In particolare, si focalizza sulle tematiche del profilo professionale dell'insegnante, della relazione educativa fra insegnanti ed allievi, della progettazione degli spazi, dell'accoglimento o meno delle differenze. Il capitolo cerca di ripercorrere i momenti cruciali che. nella storia dell'educazione e della pedagogia, hanno visto emergere questi temi., The paper analyzes some key points that go through the history of Western pedagogy. In particular, it focuses on the issues of the teacher's professional profile, the educational relationship between teachers and students, the design of spaces, the acceptance or otherwise of differences. The chapter tries to retrace the crucial moments that. in the history of education and pedagogy, they have seen these themes emerge.

This paper discusses the relationship between collaborative action research, in-service teacher education and classroom action research. A pilot case study on K12 competency-based learning provides an example of the collaborative action research process. The project involved a total of 40 senior teachers of kindergarten, primary and secondary school. Results from the qualitative analyses reveals: personal conceptions of teacher design and methods, main factors that contribute to change practices and the reasons for change resistance.

The Nearest Neighbour Imputation (NNI) method has a long history in missing data imputation. Likewise, multivariate dimensional reduction techniques allow for preserving the maximum information from the data. Recently, the combined use of these methodologies has been proposed to solve data imputation problems and exploit as much as information from the complete part of the data. In this paper we perform an extensive simulation study to test the performance of this new imputation approach (called “Forward Imputation” - ForImp). We compare the two ForImp methods developed for missing quantitative data (the first one called ForImpPCA involving the NNI method and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a multivariate data analysis technique, and the second one called ForImpMahalanobis, which involves the Mahalanobis distance for NNI) with other two imputation techniques regarded as benchmark, namely Stekhoven and Buehlmann’s missForest method, which is a nonparametric imputation technique for continuous and/or categorical data based on a random forest, and the Iterative PCA, which is an algorithmic-type technique that imputes missing values simultaneously by an iterative use of PCA. The simulation study is based on constructing simulated data with different levels of kurtosis or skewness and strength of linear relationship of variables, so that the performance of the four methods can be compared on various data patterns. Distributions used for these simulated data belong to the families of Multivariate Exponential Power and Multivariate Skew-Normal distributions, respectively. Results tend to favour ForImpMahalanobis especially in the presence of skew data with small or negative correlations of a same magnitude, or a mix of negative and positive correlations of low level, whereas ForImpPCA works better than it when a slightly higher level of correlations is present in the data.

La redazione del bilancio è stata interessata da numerose riforme, contabili, civilistiche, fiscali, con l’obiettivo di migliorare la trasparenza dell’informazione, la sua utilità per gli operatori, di favorire i processi della stessa globalizzazione, attraverso l’armonizzazione delle norme contabili, alfine di migliorarne la capacità informativa La consapevolezza dell’importanza di una informativa trasparente per migliorare i rapporti con gli interlocutori sociali, siano essi finanziatori, azionisti, creditori, clienti, fornitori, dipendenti, autorità governative, ha visto le imprese impegnate nella redazione di “bilanci integrati”, dove i risultati economico finanziari sono comunicati insieme a quelli relativi alla governance e agli impatti sociali e ambientali delle strategie. Il volume si propone di offrire un quadro degli strumenti a disposizione del lettore del bilancio per valutare la performance dell’azienda e la sostenibilità delle strategie nel lungo termine, partendo dall’illustrazione del contenuto del bilancio d’esercizio e della sua evoluzione nel tempo. Sono approfondite le metodologie consuntive e prospettiche di analisi di bilancio, per indici e per flussi, sviluppate dalle banche e dagli analisti finanziari, con particolare attenzione agli strumenti di analisi del fabbisogno finanziario dell’impresa e delle modalità di copertura. Il saggio affronta inoltre il tema del cambiamento delle fonti di finanziamento per le imprese italiane, che devono aprirsi a nuove alternative, rivolgendosi al mercato, sia azionario che obbligazionario. Lo sviluppo di nuovi operatori, dai fondi di private equity ai fondi di investimento “etici”, attenti alle strategie di responsabilità sociale delle imprese, operatori che hanno integrato la tradizionale analisi economico finanziaria con quella sociale, ambientale e di governance (analisi ESG) rappresenta un’opportunità da cogliere., The preparation of the Financial Statements has been affected by numerous reforms, accounting, civil, tax, with the aim of improving the transparency of information and its usefulness for operators, while encouraging the process of globalization itself through the harmonization of standards accounting and, at last, to improve the quality of the information shared. Awareness of the importance of a transparent information to improve relations with the stakeholders, whether lenders, shareholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, employees, government authorities, have engaged companies in the drafting of "integrated reporting", where financial results are reported together with those concerning environmental and social impacts, and governance too. The aim of the book is to provide an overview of the tools available to the reader of financial statements to evaluate the performance and sustainability of the strategies in the long term, starting from the illustration of the content of the financial statements and its evolution over time. Detailed methodologies for financial analysis, with ratio and flow of funds, developed by banks and financial analysts are presented. The paper also addresses the issue of the change in the sources of financing for Italian companies, which have to be open to new alternatives, ranging from banks to the financial market. The development of new investment organizations, like "ethical" funds, interested to strategies of corporate social responsibility, explain the presence of the new integrated reporting, useful for ESG analysis (environmental, social and governance).

Le poète algérien Si Mohand ou-Mhand (1848 - 1905), considéré le plus grand poète kabyle, est surtout connu pour deux aspects de sa production poétique, celui amoureux et paillard de sa jeunesse, et celui fier et insoumis de sa maturité. Quand la révolte de la Kabylie en 1871 fut écrasée par la France qui imposa un ordre nouveau, remplaçant l’élite traditionnelle (dont la famille de Si Mohand faisait partie) par des individus mesquins et obéissants, le poète décida de ne pas abandonner le pays au prix d’être obligé à mener une vie de « maudit », s’adaptant à des emplois précaires et peu rémunérés, se déplaçant à pieds d’un village à l’autre et s’adonnant aux vices (alcool, kif, jeu...). Il continuait cependant à fustiger la lâcheté de ses contemporains, composant une quantité de poèmes merveilleux qui décrivaient ses malheurs et ses vicissitudes, qu’il partageait avec beaucoup de ses compatriotes. Malgré cette célébrité liée à des expériences matérielles et au rejet des pratiques traditionnelles de la religion, la poésie de Si Mohand révèle une profonde tension intime vers le spirituel, héritage de sa formation soufi, qui se manifeste dans plusieurs circonstances de sa vie, jusqu’aux derniers moments. Cette étude vise à analyser les traits qui font ressortir cette sensibilité religieuse personnelle, à travers un choix de poèmes révélateurs du parcours spirituel du poète.