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The article reviews the book "The Middleton Papers: The Financial Problems of a Yorkshire Recusant Family in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," edited by José Bosworth, Pat Hudson, Maureen Johnson, and Denise Shillitoe.

The article reviews the book "Paper for the Millions: The New Journalism in Britain, 1850s to 1914," edited by Joel H. Wiener.

The article reviews the book "GCSE Practice Papers: OCR Gateway Science Higher."

In her long poem Solitude (1938) Vita Sackville-West explores the contrast between Nature and books and between Nature and the Christian God as she questions the purpose of life and suffering. While writing in solitude about solitude, the writer is connected to a vast community of other writers and readers. In this paper I show how Sackville-West uses classical allusions as a bridge between pagan Nature and Christian English literary history. From contemporary documents, especially her letters to Virginia Woolf, we can also see how Sackville-West kept an awkward balance in her own life between shyness and desire for connection with others which is reflected in her project of writing new verse in essentially traditional forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses an exhibition currently hosted by the Royal Academy of Arts and devoted to over one thousand years of Byzantine art, featuring the most important and wide-reaching collection of artifacts from the Byzantine period displayed in Britain over the last fifty years. The exhibition is revealing not merely because of the objects on display but also because of what it says in connection to our contemporary understanding of Europe itself. The study suggests that the exhibition is indicative of a shift in the images of East and West. This is not to say that we are witnessing an end to the intra-European divide between East and West, but rather that the current geopolitical context has accentuated the notion of a division between Europe and Islam. Thus, the public are inadvertently presented with the false yet dominant idea that Islam represented and still represents the end or at the very least a caesura of European culture. A deeper insight into history, however, reveals a very different picture, as the persistence and legacy of Byzantine art and religious life were more or less guaranteed under Ottoman rule. great britain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the book "Combating Long-Term Unemployment: Local/EC Relations," by Kenneth Dyson. The book is strongly orientated toward Great Britain's experience with a number of local British case studies amongst the 13 contributions. Stephen Barber, who is head of the European Social Fund unit at the Department of Employment, provides a useful insider's view of how the ESF works in the British context. The book also sees Great Britain's failure to see long-term unemployment as more than issue of economic efficiency.

The article presents a critique of the 1839 epic poem "Ernest; or, Political Regeneration," by Capel Lofft. It comments on the goal of provoking a popular revolution, examining the contemporary context of Chartism in Great Britain. The author considers the text's literary value, the author's political radicalism, and hierarchical and egalitarian aspects of the poem.

The article offers poetry criticism of two poems by poet Ben Jonson, "To My Worthy and Honoured Friend, Mr. George Chapman, on His Translation of Hesiod's 'Works and Days'" and "On the Author, Worke, and Translator." The cultural status of translation for Great Britain is addressed in light of different values given to classical literature and contemporary vernacular literature.

Aims: The main aim of this study was to investigate self-reports of the ease with which British adolescents are able to purchase alcohol from different types of outlet. Design, setting, subjects: The study involved a classroom survey of pupils (n = 6980, ages 11-16) attending 11 secondary schools, located in four areas of England. Measures: Respondents completed a confidential questionnaire assessing alcohol purchasing behaviour, alcohol consumption and related factors. Findings: Overall, 37% of the sample were regular (weekly) drinkers, and 21% of the sample (56% of drinkers) reported buying alcohol; over 70% of drinkers had at some time attempted to buy alcohol. These figures increased linearly with age. Among the current alcohol buyers, alcohol was purchased to a roughly equal extent in off-licences, corner shops and pubs, with very little use of supermarkets; the use of pubs increased with age, while the use of other outlets, particularly corner shops decreased with age. Just over half of drinkers had been refused sale; this was reported to occur a little less frequently in corner shops than in the other types of outlet. Most of the buyers (67%) were never or very rarely asked their age; girls were less likely to be challenged on age than boys. Few respondents were familiar with the drinks industry's 'Prove-It' proof of age card. Respondents reported low levels of anxiety or guilt in relation to alcohol purchase, but tended to avoid outlets where they were likely to be challenged. Conclusions: Alcohol appears to be readily available, from a variety of different types of outlet, to under-aged adolescents who wish to purchase it. Children attempting to buy alcohol are rarely challenged on their age, and little use is being made of the 'Prove It' card, at least in the areas where this study took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critique is presented of 18th century British ballads such as "Introduction" by William Blake, "Childe Harold" by George Gordon Byron, and "We are Seven" by William Wordsworth. Oral interpretation of poetry, the distribution of romantic poetry, and foreign poetry influences on English poetry are also discussed.

The article critiques the poem "The Ghost of Richard the Third," by Christopher Brooke, particularly addressing the connection between Brooke's political career in Great Britain and the poem. It comments on the use of his career as a Virgilian poet to advance his political situation, the application of the satire to the contemporary situation, and a description of Richard III as a satirist.

The article analyzes the poem "The First Anniversary of the Government Under O.C." by Andrew Marvell. It examines how the poem reflects Marvell's political beliefs, specifically his views on the rule of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. The author explores the poem's themes, which address the effectiveness of governments, hereditary monarchs, and dyanmism. Other topics covered include Cromwell's authority, Marvell's poem "Horatian Ode," and English history.

A critique is presented of the long poem "The Waste Land" by American poet T. S. Eliot, focusing on the poem's inspiration from British music hall performer Marie Lloyd and minstrel shows. Showboats in the U.S. in the 1920s, the social aspects of public entertainment, and narrative voice in the poem are discussed, as well as the theatrical structure of the poem.

Presents a preliminary account of findings concerning the scribes of the Domesday Survey which was initiated and largely driven through by William the Conqueror in 1086 in Great Britain. Proposal that the manuscript was the work of one person; Idiosyncratic features of the technique used; Attachment of the scribe to the royal household and the cathedral priory; Presence of a second scribe.

The article focuses on the book "The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain," issued by the Centre for Contemporary Culture Studies (CCCS). This CCCS study stands in direct line of descent from the equally complex but more elegant work of Stuart Hall on the construction of an authoritarian state in Britain. The elaboration of institutionalized and popular racisms during the 1970's is both a paradigm for and affected by the vicissitudes of Britain's deepening crisis and the crisis of international capitalism in which national entities are enmeshed. To their credit the authors seek to distance themselves from varieties of more or less vulgar Marxism and the introductory essay is littered with the names of those who in recent years have done battle with economic reductionism.