111 results
Search Results
2. A Basic Reference Shelf on Interactive Use of Computers for Instruction. A Series One Paper from Eric at Stanford.
- Author
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Stanford Univ., CA. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Media and Technology. and Zinn, Karl L.
- Abstract
The field of computer applications in education, characterized by continuous change in technology and nomenclature, is documented by diverse information sources. This paper names methods of organizing information on computer-based instructional systems and lists sources under literature surveys and reviews, conferences and symposia (1965-68, U.S.A.), publishers, and professional organizations. Interactive uses of computers for instruction include drill strategy, author-controlled tutorial, and "dialogue" tutorial; simulation and gaming; information handling, computation and display (scholarly aids); computer aids for instructional management; and computer-based tools for the author and researcher. The variety of lessons, systems, and languages for computer-based instruction depends on instructional objectives and on records of student performance. (TI)
- Published
- 1968
3. Student-Initiated Reports: Operational Analysis in the Evaluation of CAI Curricula. Professional Paper No. 15-74.
- Author
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Human Resources Research Organization, Alexandria, VA. and Hillelsohn, Michael J.
- Abstract
Operational analysis is defined as a part of formative evaluation, taking place while a course is in progress. Student-perceived problems, as reflected by student-initiated reports, are the source of data for this phase of formative evaluation. The self-reporting techniques can reveal individual differences in student/learning-environment interactions which are not obtainable (or more difficult to obtain) by other means. The individual student's perceptions can then be used to improve the instructional program. This technique (report) is described, and some applications of the data for administrative purposes are discussed. The administrative staffing for the Project IMPACT operational computer-administered instruction course is described. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
4. The Use of Spanish Surnames as a Means of Identifying Latinos in the United States and Puerto Rico. Professional Paper No. 22-74.
- Author
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Human Resources Research Organization, Alexandria, VA. and Giesecke, G. Lee
- Abstract
Responses from 1,613 former servicemen with Spanish surnames were examined to evaluate Spanish surname recognition as a means of identifying persons of Latin American birth or ancestry. Questionnaires were mailed to 5,019 servicemen who had: (1) been inductees or enlistees in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps; (2) left active duty in the first 6 months of 1972; (3) a Reserve military obligation; and (4) a Spanish surname according to one or more procedures. Procedures determining whether a name was Spanish were all computerized. All but one depended on sorting the names alphabetically and comparing each with lists of Spanish surnames. The remaining procedure, developed by Buechley, depended on letter combinations and surname endings. The lists used were: (1) census surnames, (2)"broad" Spanish surnames, (3) "narrow" Spanish surnames, and (4) Morton's Spanish surnames. Although a determination was made via computer as to whether each person had a "narrow" Spanish first name, this fact was used only in the analysis. Some findings were: (1) outside certain areas Spanish surname recognition included a high proportion of persons who did not meet other criteria indicating Latin American birth or ancestry; and (2) within five Southwestern states, increasing proportions of persons who could not be classified as Spanish at increasing education and aptitude levels were included. (NQ)
- Published
- 1974
5. Resource Paper on Application of Computers and Computing Techniques to Development, in Developing Countries.
- Author
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Beltran, Sergio F.
- Abstract
In spite of the lack of specific and properly defined goals and plans about the use of computers for their development, some non-industrialized countries have made substantial advances in this computer usage. In these countries, the number of computers installed ranges from zero to roughly 1 per 200,000 inhabitants. The distribution of these systems among areas of application (business and commercial engineering and scientific, education and training, military and defense), is fairly similar to that observed in advanced countries. The majority of the developing countries have installed computers of varying capacities in some of their higher learning institutions, which is acting as a triggering factor for more and better computer installations. The upper bracket of the industrial, commercial and services enterprises of a substantial part of these countries have installed computer systems. The use of automatic data processing systems has initiated a revolution in management attitudes and techniques. There is, in almost all of the developing countries a strong tendency to increase the use of computers in government operations. (Author)
- Published
- 1969
6. A New Approach to Predicting the Thermal Environment in Buildings at the Early Design Stage. Building Research Establishment Current Paper 2/74.
- Author
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Building Research Establishment, Watford (England). and Milbank, N. O.
- Abstract
The paper argues that existing computer programs for thermal predictions do not produce suitable information for architects, particularly at the early stages of design. It reviews the important building features that determine the thermal environment and the need for heating and cooling plant. Graphical design aids are proposed, with examples to show the summer conditions in naturally ventilated buildings. It is shown that it is not realistic to consider thermal conditions in isolation: the feasibility of achieving the desired natural ventilation rate and the use of artificial lighting are also important. Sample design aids are included for these aspects. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
7. Design of an Instructional Management System. SWRL Working Paper.
- Author
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Southwest Regional Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, Los Alamitos, CA. and McManus, John F.
- Abstract
This is a collection of 12 working papers dealing with instructional management systems (IMS). The papers are divided into three sections--systems definition, pedagogical studies, and hardware/software studies. IMS is generically defined as a set of procedures and mechanisms for gathering and processing pupil data and returning useful information to those persons responsible for some phase of pupil performance. This definition requires further consideration of its two components: (1) the communications system used for moving data through IMS and (2) the data-gathering techniques, processing requirements, output report generation, and audiences involved in the successful operation of IMS. The first component is discussed in the first section of the papers, the second component is dealt with in the remaining two sections. (Author/IRT)
- Published
- 1972
8. Results of Investigations Concerning the Capabilities of the OpScan 100DM Optical Scanner.
- Author
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Southwest Regional Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, Los Alamitos, CA., Gibbs, Gordon L., and Hooper, Judith
- Abstract
A series of tests using OpScan 100DM optical scanner were carried out to determine whether it can mechanically transport paper that does not comply with the manufacturer's specifications for weight and size and see if standard paper stock has sufficient quality, opacity, and brightness to permit it to be used to print forms for the OpScan 100DM. Other objectives were to establish validity and reliability indices and to determine whether standard ink has sufficient reflectivity to be used to print forms for the OpScan 100DM. This report describes the tests and their results. (SK)
- Published
- 1972
9. What Must Computer Understanding Systems Understand?
- Author
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Schachter, Jacquelyn
- Abstract
This paper attempts to characterize some of the knowledge that people have of their language's semantic structure, in order to determine what a computer has to know to perform the operations of searching for facts and answering questions. Necessarily, this sort of semantic analysis is done in connection with syntactic structure. The meaningful elements of English are divided into sets of words and sets of sentences. Their general properties are examined as well as the general relations between elements. The paper concludes with a discussion of the controversy between generative semanticists and interpretivists over syntactic and semantic structure. The work of logicians on artificial language is cited as being helpful in explanations of syntactic and semantic structure in natural languages. (AM)
- Published
- 1973
10. Will Microfilm and Computers Replace Clippings?
- Author
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American Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation, Washington, DC. and Oppendahl, Alison
- Abstract
Four speeches are presented, each of which deals with the use of conputers to organize and retrieve news stories. The first speech relates in detail the step-by-step process devised by the "Free Press" in Detroit to analyze, categorize, code, film, process, and retrieve news stories through the use of the electronic film retrieval system, Miracode, designed by Eastman Kodak. The second speech discusses the idea of a regional newspaper library which would employ the paper tape used to produce a newspaper to index by computer that day's news stories and to provide a computer-produced microfilm for mounting in member papers' retrieval devices. The third speech discusses the Automated News Clipping, Indexing and Retrieval System (ANCIRS) which uses a minicomputer to control a very high speed microfiche retrieval terminal so that any piece of morgue copy is available to the viewer in approximately four seconds on the Image Systems terminal. The fourth speech concerns the development of a new, automated computer-assisted system, ACCESS, now in use by the "Chicago Daily News" and "Chicago Sun-Times" Editorial Library. (KKC)
- Published
- 1974
11. The Humanistic Duo: The Park/Recreation Professional and the Computer. (Computer-Can I Use It?).
- Author
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Weiner, Myron E.
- Abstract
This paper states that there are two fundamental reasons for the comparative absence of computer use for parks and recreation at the present time. These are (1) lack of clear cut cost justification and (2) reluctance on the part of recreation professionals to accept their role as managers and, consequently, to utilize modern management tools. The paper attempts to describe the most effective use of the computer and telecommunication technologies for the leisure service provider. It seeks to make the part and recreation professional recognize that the ultimate effective use of the technology will be in the hands of those professionals who combine a basic understanding of their own profession with that of the technology itself. The paper contains a primer on computers for the recreation/park professional. A section on the primary applications of computer technology to recreation and parks is followed by examples of specific application to these areas. More detailed examples are appended. (Author/DDO)
- Published
- 1973
12. The Study of Communication Networks and Communication Structure in Large Organizations.
- Author
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San Jose State Univ., CA., Monge, Peter R., and Lindsey, Georg N.
- Abstract
This report describes a set of procedures for analyzing communication networks in large organizations. The procedures include the identification and evaluation of various kinds of networks, assessment of the organizational hierarchy, appraisal of various departments within the organization, and evaluation of individual communication behavior. The report begins by describing and illustrating the essential concepts of network analysis, thereby providing a vocabulary for talking about the process. In the second chapter several comparative techniques are described for evaluating the network, including overlaying the actual network on the organizational chart and comparing different networks. Several important network metrics, called communication structure variables, are identified, and their relationships to important aspects of organizational processes are suggested in the third chapter. Finally, information is provided to enable a reader to gain access to and utilize existing software for conducting a large-scale network analysis by computer. (Author/RB)
- Published
- 1974
13. Disk File Management in a Medium-Scale Time-Sharing System.
- Author
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Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Learning Research and Development Center., Fitzhugh, Robert J., and Pethia, Richard D.
- Abstract
The paper descibes a compact and highly efficient disk file management system responsible for the management and allocation of space on moving head disk drives in a medium-scale time-sharing system. The disk file management system is a major component of the Experimental Time-Sharing System (ETSS) developed at the Learning Research and Development Center. ETSS has been successfully operating for nearly two years and is a multilanguage general-purpose time-sharing system based on Digital Equipment Coporation's PDP-15. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
14. Shaping Computing and Information Processing as a Vital National Resource. (Keynote Address).
- Author
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American Federation of Information Processing Societies, Montvale, NJ. and Glaser, George
- Abstract
New technical specialties are emerging within the computer industry at a rate threatening the ability of educational institutions to train those who would understand and apply them. The industry's ability to undertake more ambitious projects and to thereby solve more complex problems is limited by an inadequate force of skilled manpower. Thus, it finds itself in the following position: (1) there exists a distressingly large number of poorly qualified people at all levels; (2) those who are now competent are becoming less so every day as technological developments continue; (3) long-term career prospects for data processing people in most user organizations are not sufficiently promising to attract the talented; (4) universities are turning out far too few computer-oriented problem-solvers; and (5) the industry is having a difficult time achieving professional maturity. The solution of these problems will require considerable effort. (Author/WCM)
- Published
- 1974
15. On Information Science Education: A Rebellious View.
- Author
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Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Graduate School of Library Science. and Meadow, Charles T.
- Abstract
The first of information science is in something of a jumble, because there is no universally accepted definition of the field, much less an agreement on what the core information is or what curriculum should be followed. Information science teachers must decide what kind of graduate they are trying to turn out in order to be competitive with business and computer science graduates. The job market for information science graduates is potentially larger than the current one composed of libraries and information marketing companies. In order to be competitive in this larger job market, information science curriculum should be strengthened so that library science graduates know information technology and how to use it on an equal basis with computer and business graduates. An attempt should be made to attract more business and science students into the field of information science. (KKC)
- Published
- 1974
16. Patterns for Development of Education in Information Science.
- Author
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Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. and Belzer, Jack
- Abstract
During the past decade, the scope of information science has been evolving into a broader but better defined area of specialization. In this paper several of the definitions of information science which have been suggested by various professional groups are discussed. The educational objectives of information science are identified, and the curricula necessary to achieve these objectives are outlined. The paper discusses the changing nature of the library's role in information science and the impact of computers on the field of information science in general. A list of references is appended. (JY)
- Published
- 1970
17. Geosystems--A Means to Understanding Your Community.
- Author
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Cherdack, Arthur N. and Landini, Albert J.
- Abstract
Geosystems are computerized techniques for matching information to places. They correlate demographic and socioeconomic information with locations on the surface of the earth. Using geosystems the college administrator can: (1) improve his overall planning, (2) define college service areas, (3) assist in site selection for new programs and facilities, and (4) develop grant proposals. A geosystem contains a geographic base file and a file containing the information to be mapped. In addition, a program for merging the two files is needed. When the computer is fed the base map, the pertinent information file, and the program, the desired map is automatically produced. Computers may eventually assist in the process of student counseling, i.e., students would receive periodic mailings of suggested changes in program, vocation, occupation, or even career. Such a counseling service could be extended to nonstudents as well as students, and the college would thus become a clearinghouse for community-wide job placement, provide essential vocational training and retraining, and guide citizens through the complex lattice of job opportunities. (DB)
- Published
- 1974
18. Abstracts of Research, July 1973 through June 1974.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Computer and Information Science Research Center.
- Abstract
Abstracts of research papers in the fields of computer and information science are given; 72 papers are abstracted in the areas of information storage and retrieval, information processing, linguistic analysis, artificial intelligence, mathematical techniques, systems programing, and computer networks. In addition, the Ohio State University Computer and Information Science Research Center is described. The abstracts are indexed by subject and investigator. (WH)
- Published
- 1974
19. National Policies for Information Processing (With Special Attention to the Canadian Experience).
- Author
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Gotlieb, Calvin C.
- Abstract
A study was made of the aims governments have with respect to computers and what methods they have at their disposal for achieving these aims. The Canadian experience provided an example. In general, throughout the world, governmental objectives with regard to computers come under three headings: (1) to use computers effectively in governmental operations, (2) to promote an indigenous computer industry, and (3) to direct and regulate computer growth. The methods available for promoting these objectives involve passing legislation and allocating money. In Canada, a redefinition of the powers and a desire to establish a distinctive "Canadian" approach has resulted in a conscious and intense study of information processing and related technologies. However, although it is not difficult to agree on general principles and goals, it is enormously difficult to translate these principles into programs which further national goals. In Canada, the federal government has adopted a decentralized approach of computer services, while at the provincial level, the trend is toward centralization. The general position in Canada is that computer services and software industries are to remain largely unregulated; the problem of whether to participate in a computer network remains unresolved. (WCM)
- Published
- 1974
20. Curriculum Change in Black Colleges VIII. A Report on a Cooperative Academic Planning Curriculum Development Workshop (Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach, Florida, June 5-8, 1974).
- Author
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Technical Assistance Consortium To Improve Coll. Services, Washington, DC., Institute for Services to Education, Inc., Washington, DC., Calbert, Roosevelt, and Epps, Willie J.
- Abstract
This publication includes the proceedings of the June 5-8, 1974 curriculum development workshop of the Cooperative Academic Planning (CAP) program. Emphasis is placed on curriculum change and improvement. Topics discussed include indicators for academic planning; competency-based education; research centers as a mechanism for strengthening academic programs; college reading and the content areas; innovative computer services for colleges; and the problems, prospects, and promises for black colleges offering multicultural education. Abstracts of documents by 20 of the 25 CAP participating colleges and universities are included. (MJM)
- Published
- 1974
21. Some Experience with Interactive Computing in Teaching Introductory Statistics.
- Author
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Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Center for Environmental Quality Management. and Diegert, Carl
- Abstract
Students in two biostatistics courses at the Cornell Medical College and in a course in applications of computer science given in Cornell's School of Industrial Engineering were given access to an interactive package of computer programs enabling them to perform statistical analysis without the burden of hand computation. After a general discussion of the possible educational impact of the package, a brief report is given of its use in the above mentioned courses at Cornell. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
22. Project AAMP: Administrator Abilities Matched to Problems.
- Author
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Cote, Ron Roy
- Abstract
The AAMP (administrative abilities matched to problems) system is simply one or more school administrator(s) designated by the school system's computer information system as having those abilities, preferences, and characteristics required to solve a particular system problem. An AAMP is formed on the basis of information provided concerning the characteristics of the problem in relation to the stored model of the school system and the stored information about each administrator. Once an AAMP is formed, the objective is to design a solution to the problem and to relate the solution to the existing school system. During the process of designing a solution, AAMP has available an information model of the school system as well as problem-related information from a variety of sources stored in or retrievable by the computer system. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
23. Social Implications of Computer/Telecommunications Systems.
- Author
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Stanford Univ., CA. Inst. for Communication Research., Parker, Edwin B., and Porat, Marc
- Abstract
The economic crisis of the mid-1970's is a symptom of a major social transition caused by the shift of the major industrial societies to postindustrial societies. The postindustrial society is one in which the dominant labor activity is information processing rather than industrial production. This shift has great significance for the resolution of social problems of society, particularly in the economic sector. The information based society is a more efficient user of energy and resources; furthermore the information industry itself is not an intensive user of energy and resources. This shift also requires the re-examination of key areas of economic policy problems such as productivity, natural resource constraints, information, international interdependence, and social issues (such as the distribution of information technology, privacy, property rights in information, and the use of leisure time). Computer telecommunication technology will impact a variety of applications areas of concern to governments: education, funds transfer, trade, consumer information, public administration, teleconferencing, and health services. In turn the structural change will require consideration of questions in relationship to research and policy analysis, economic infrastructure, research and development, network intercommunication, and right to access. (JY/SK)
- Published
- 1974
24. Proceedings, Annual Meeting, Western Canada Chapter, American Society for Information Science (Third, Banff School of Fine Arts, October 3,4,5, 1971).
- Author
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Calgary Univ. (Alberta). and American Society for Information Science. Western Canada Chapter.
- Abstract
The proceedings contain papers given by the members of the chapter who come from both the University and Business environments. Some operational indexing, bibliographic, SDI and Retrospective Search Systems which include CAN/SDI, Compendex, TEXT-PAC, SIS II & III, KWOC and FAMULUS are discussed. Also included are papers on two projects conducted by the Computing Science department of the University of Alberta; the one project is an on-line thesaurus and the second an Information Retrieval Laboratory. Other papers are about the computerized circulation system at the University of Calgary's library, the Marc project at the University of Saskatchewan and the problems of design and coding questionnaires. (Author)
- Published
- 1971
25. Feasibility Study on Fully Automatic High Quality Translation: Volume II. Final Technical Report.
- Author
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Texas Univ., Austin. Linguistics Research Center., Lehmann, Winifred P., and Stachowitz, Rolf
- Abstract
This second volume of a two-volume report on a fully automatic high quality translation (FAHQT) contains relevant papers contributed by specialists on the topic of machine translation. The papers presented here cover such topics as syntactical analysis in transformational grammar and in machine translation, lexical features in translation and paraphrasing, requirements for machine translation, current status of hardware and software as it affects FAHQT, bilingual computer dictionaries, and the shape of the dictionary for machine translation. Volume 1 (FL 002 936) includes papers as well as specific consideration of the FAHQT inquiry. (VM)
- Published
- 1971
26. Five Notes on the Application of Proof Theory to Computer Science.
- Author
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Stanford Univ., CA. Inst. for Mathematical Studies in Social Science. and Kreisel, Georg
- Abstract
The primary aim of these five technical papers is to indicate aspects of proof theory which may be of use in the study of non-numerical computing. The three main papers are entitled: "Checking of Computer Programs;""Consistency Proofs and Programs for Translators;" and "Experiments with Computers on the Complexity of Non-numerical computations." The author shows that many theorems on computability in traditional metamathematics are of little use to the computer scientist because they do not lead to feasible algorithms. He also suggests alternative approaches to proof theory which would be of greater applicability. (MM)
- Published
- 1971
27. The Instructional Development Factory.
- Author
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Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT. Inst. for Computer Uses in Education. and Low, D. Stewart
- Abstract
The large-scale development of Time-Shared, Interactive, Computer-Controlled, Information Television (TICCIT) at Brigham Young University is described in this paper. The TICCIT project was designed to provide a market success example for computer-assisted instruction, particularly for junior or community colleges. The project incorporated a combination of computer terminals and television consoles that were able to provide the learner with a complete instructional system. This paper discusses the relationships between the general elements of the system: design, training, courseware, and management. The system is unique because it incorporates industrial techniques to a large instructional system. (MC)
- Published
- 1973
28. Satellite Networks for Education.
- Author
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Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Program on Application of Communication Satellites to Educational Development. and Singh, J. P.
- Abstract
The paper has four main sections. The first is concerned with the characteristics and structure of satellite networks. The second discusses pressures within education that are causing the development of various types of networks and also identifies studies in which networking needs for educational sectors and services are defined. The third section examines the current status of educational networking for educational radio and television, instructional television fixed services, inter- and intra-State educational communication networks, computer networks, cable television for education, and continuing and proposed educational experiments using NASA's Applications Technology Satellites. The fourth describes possible satellite-based educational telecommunication services and three alternatives for implementing educational satellite systems. The paper concludes with some remarks concerning public policy aspects of future educational satellite system development. (Author/JK)
- Published
- 1972
29. Proceedings of the Canadian Symposium on Instructional Technology (Calgary, Alberta, May 24-26, 1972).
- Author
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National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
A Symposium was held in May of 1972 to assist in the resolution of the varied problems effecting the advance of educational technology. Most of the papers presented at the symposium dealt with the current situation of various aspects of computer assisted instruction (CAI) throughout Canada. Other papers covered CAI centralization, minicomputers, co-operative research projects, educational games, educational management simulations, logic instruction, program design, language standards, group use of CAI, teacher-authored instruction, and "do-it-yourself programing." The concluding speaker noted that a very small amount of hard data was presented in the papers and emphasized that the fate of CAI will be determined by cost-benefit analysis. (MC)
- Published
- 1972
30. An Annotated and Cross-Referenced Bibliography on Computer Security and Access Control in Computer Systems.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Computer and Information Science Research Center. and Bergart, Jeffrey G.
- Abstract
This paper represents a careful study of published works on computer security and access control in computer systems. The study includes a selective annotated bibliography of some eighty-five important published results in the field and, based on these papers, analyzes the state of the art. In annotating these works, the authors try to be objective, indicating the strong as well as the weak points. In addition, they attempt to show how one piece of work is related to or influenced by another, since research works seldom evolve without interaction. Because a number of outstanding works on computer security and access control in computer systems are classified or unpublished, this collection is not exhaustive. The annotated material is organized into four sections of which the sections on computer security and access control in computer systems are emphasized. In addition, to provide some background and broad understanding of the issues of computer security, they have included several bibliographies, some articles on the business and management overview, and several works on social and legal implications. (A related document is LI004415.) (Author/DH)
- Published
- 1972
31. Automatic Program Synthesis Reports.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Computer and Information Science Research Center. and Biermann, A. W.
- Abstract
Some of the major results of future goals of an automatic program synthesis project are described in the two papers that comprise this document. The first paper gives a detailed algorithm for synthesizing a computer program from a trace of its behavior. Since the algorithm involves a search, the length of time required to do the synthesis of nontrivial programs can be quite large. Techniques are given for preprocessing the trace information to reduce enumeration, for pruning the search using a failure memory technique, and for utilizing multiple traces to the best advantage. The results of numerous tests are given to demonstrate the value of the techniques. The other paper gives a brief overview of the automatic programming system within which the above algorithm is being used. This system is still under development. (Author/CH)
- Published
- 1973
32. Environmental Design: Research and Practice, Volumes One and Two.
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Board of Regents., Environmental Design Research Association., American Inst. of Architects, Washington, DC., and Mitchell, William J.
- Abstract
One hundred and fifty papers deal with the current range of concerns in the emergent field of environmental design research and emphasize the relating of research to practice. The papers focus on (1) original research in the social and behavioral sciences with direct relevance to environmental design, planning, and management; and (2) new methods and approaches (including computer-based techniques) for dealing with complex environmental problems. The papers are grouped under (1) man-environment relations, (2) environmental quality -- specification and evaluation, (3) design -- the generation and exploration of solutions, (4) design communications -- methods and media, and (5) design research and education. (Author/MLF)
- Published
- 1972
33. The Administration and Management of Small-College Computing Centers. Proceedings of a SIGUCC Symposium (Atlanta, Georgia, June 9-10, 1972).
- Author
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Burns, Harris
- Abstract
The small college computer center's problems--sources and types of service, programing support and faculty development, administrative and academic interfaces, computer science and computer center interfaces, computer center policies, orientation and organization and services of users and groups--are generally individual, and any given problem will have many alternative solutions. This report of a symposium on small college computer centers presents papers and addresses which are oriented around this theme, with each set of papers being presented according to one of the problems listed above. In addition, the symposium's program, an introduction to the symposium, and its keynote address are included. (Author/SH)
- Published
- 1972
34. On-Line Administrative Information Systems: A Case Study.
- Author
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Vermont Univ., Burlington. Office of Management Information and Computing. and Sire, Paul W.
- Abstract
A case study approach is used to document the on-line information system developed by the Office of Management Information and Computing at the University of Vermont. Stanford University's Project INFO On-Line Administration Information System, OASIS, was chosen as a model. The administrative system is one of two on campus, the other designed for academic use. Appendixes provide organization charts of the university and the Office of Management Information and Computing, a schematic diagram of the computer system, the current systems being used, the file structure, and examples of the use of the computer inquiry service, QUERY. (WH)
- Published
- 1973
35. Computing in Research.
- Author
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Ashenhurst, Robert L.
- Abstract
The introduction and diffusion of automatic computing facilities during the 1960's is reviewed; it is described as a time when research strategies in a broad variety of disciplines changed to take advantage of the newfound power provided by the computer. Several types of typical problems encountered by researchers who adopted the new technologies, together with the solutions adopted by the researchers, are described. It is shown how the local computing facility expanded to the centralized facility as a result of these problems; new types of needs and uses for computers continue to favor evolution and change. One result was the growth of large-scale computer networks. An alternative to established forms of networks--hierarchical computing systems--is suggested as providing better answers to more kinds of needs. The Minicomputer Interfacing Support System (MISS), developed at the University of Chicago, is briefly described as a prototype system allowing minicomputers to be used in a hierarchical system which would provide more powerful capabilities when they are needed. Finally, it is suggested that traditional attitudes of researchers toward computation facilities should be reevaluated, as new possibilities are being developed and made available. (WDR)
- Published
- 1973
36. Trends in Instructional Use of Computers. A Panel Discussion.
- Author
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Weeg, G. P.
- Abstract
The computer center of the University of Iowa is the topic of this informal panel presentation. The present structure of the facility is described in terms of batch and remote terminal services. The job scheduling method used is shown to provide acceptable turn-around times, but usage is unexpectedly low, in spite of the low cost to student users. Plans for a large number of remote terminals are reviewed, and the allocation of terminals to departments within the university is described. Finally, a line drawing showing the interconnections between the main processor, the small minicomputers, and the remote terminals is provided. (WDR)
- Published
- 1973
37. The Computer in Lexicography.
- Author
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Bailey, Richard W. and Robinson, Jay L.
- Abstract
Proposals for the use of the computer in the humanities often ask more of the machine than it can reasonably yield, and the enthusiastic generation of data for dictionary projects may well overburden the editors who must eventually cope with it. Procedures in lexicography are not well enough defined for a substantial burden to be placed on the logical capabilities of the computer. Most data collection must still be left in the hands of human readers, though editing of the data may be carried on with the use of on-line devices in which man interacts with machine. The use of the computer in the final stages of producing a dictionary, however, may yield important results in speeding production and in making available a reservoir of data for other purposes. This paper will be published as part of a "Festschrift" for Hans Kurath later this year. (Author/FB)
- Published
- 1969
38. Educational Information System Requirements: The Next Two Decades.
- Author
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Oregon Univ., Eugene. School of Education., Loughary, John W., and Tondow, Murray
- Abstract
In August, 1967, a conference was held at the University of Oregon to identify, forecast, and discuss the evolving requirements of educational information systems. The general purpose of the conference was stated as follows: if chaos is to be avoided in educational systems by the mid 1970's, intensive research development efforts in the field of educational system requirements must be mounted. While much has been written about systems requirements, the educational community is in need of a summarizing statement regarding what has been done and what most needs to be done regarding educational information system requirements in the next one to two decades. The general purpose of the conference was to produce a statement, representing the thinking of a select group of educators and information science specialists representing the several sectors of education. The papers in this volume constitute the beginnings of such a statement which has since served as a basis for further dialogue throughout the country and abroad. (Author/CJ)
- Published
- 1967
39. A General Information System for Learning.
- Author
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Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. School of Information and Computer Science. and Slamecka, Vladimir
- Abstract
This paper is concerned with the application of information engineering approaches to the design of large general purpose educational systems. The subject is developed through a brief discussion of such topics as (1) design objectives of future educational systems, (2) an information processing model of the educational process, (3) a basic configuration of a general purpose information system for education, and (4) the state of art of information technology relevant to such a system. The paper concludes with a description of one educational system under study. (RP)
- Published
- 1969
40. Legal Considerations in Computer-Assisted Testing, Counseling and Guidance.
- Author
-
American Personnel and Guidance Association, Washington, DC., Kentucky Univ., Lexington., and Skeeters, Donald E.
- Abstract
The question at hand is: Can a computer program be copyrighted, patented, or protected as a trade secret? All three protective methods are examined, with special attention paid to the advantages and disadvantages of each pertinent to computer program protection. The scope of the protection and relevant case law are considered. The paper concludes that laws relative to the protection of computer programs are in a state of flux for two reasons: (1) the uniqueness of the computer and its programs in light of the currently accepted protection methods; and (2) the lack of case law in point. (TL)
- Published
- 1970
41. Practical Consideration in the Application of Data Processing Techniques to the Needs of the Psychologist.
- Author
-
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Educational Psychology., American Personnel and Guidance Association, Washington, DC., and Smith, David F.
- Abstract
Past problems encountered in the use of computers are discussed. They include: (1) computing and data storage costs; (2) machine speed and capacity limitations; and (3) the limited number of languages and Input/Output devices available to facilitate man/machine communication. The improvements in all of these areas are explained. The problems which remain, it was contended, lie in the area of communication. For example, the desires and demands of a programmer and a psychologist and the expectations of the computer are not in concert. Data rates for all three are discussed in order to emphasize the magnitude of the discrepancy between what men and machines can do. The paper concludes with the modest hope that soon a machine can be made to communicate only with the scope and clarity of an intelligent man. (TL)
- Published
- 1970
42. Computer-Assisted Synthesis of Psychometric Data in Vocational Counseling.
- Author
-
American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. and Weiss, David J.
- Abstract
This paper proposes computer assistance in the synthesis operation of vocational counseling. The goal of vocational counseling is to match the client with a vocation in which he will be both satisfied and satisfactory. The computer would, through its rapid scanning and computation, produce probabilities of satisfactoriness based on (1) the individual's unique pattern of vocational abilities, and (2) individual differences in ability requirements of various occupational environments. Probabilities of satisfaction would be based on (1) the individual's vocational needs, and (2) information on the reinforcer characteristics of various occupational environments. These four lists of potential jobs would result: those in which the client would be (1) satisfied and satisfactory, (2) satisfied and unsatisfactory, suggesting training, (3) unsatisfied but satisfactory, and (4) unsatisfied and unsatisfactory. The computer could also be used in individualizing assessment techniques which provide the banks of data on which the probabilities are constructed. The advantages would be time saving, increased motivation, simultaneous prediction, clarification of reliability, and the greater amount of information at the counselor's disposal. (BP)
- Published
- 1968
43. L'Utilisation de l'ordinateur en lexicometrie (The Use of the Computer in Lexicometry). Series B-1.
- Author
-
Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. and Savard, Jean-Guy
- Abstract
This report treats some of the technical difficulties encountered in lexicological studies that were undertaken in order to establish a basic vocabulary. Its purpose is to show that the computer can overcome some of these difficulties, and specifically that computer programming can serve to establish a vocabulary common to scientific and technical languages. The discussion of the advantages of computer programming centers on the following topics: (1) availability, including a description of the compilation and correction of data, indexing, and programming; and (2) general vocabulary that is scientifically oriented, including a description of the process of choosing and identifying words, and the choice and structure of dictionaries. (AMH)
- Published
- 1967
44. L'ordinateur et l'analyse grammaticale (The Computer and Grammatical Analysis). Series B-2.
- Author
-
Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. and Mepham, Michael S.
- Abstract
This discussion of the use of computer programming in syntactic analysis covers three major points: (1) a review of basic notions in automatic grammars; (2) a description of the grammar used in a pilot project which analysed the linguistic content of methods of teaching foreign languages; and (3) proposals on the application of the same techniques to the study of scientific vocabulary. In the first section, automatic, or generative grammar, is defined as one formulated in such a way as to be applied mechanically in the construction of sentences. In this context the discussion deals with the process of analysis of existing sentences, structural description, formulation of rules, structural ambiguity, and the process for applying rules. The second section dealing with methodology covers the development of a system of analysis of texts with the help of a computer. Things to be considered in this context are lexical ambiguity, identification of rules, levels of syntactic analysis, formulation of rules, and paraphrasing of word groups, locutions, clauses, and sentences. The third section discusses techniques used in analysis of methods as these relate to the study of scientific language, with particular emphasis on the question of words and context. (AMH)
- Published
- 1967
45. Manpower and Education Needs in Selected Professional Fields. Summaries of Commissioned Reports.
- Author
-
Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, GA. and Smith, Mary Howard
- Abstract
Commissioned by the Southern Regional Education Board, this document contains summaries of a series of papers on manpower and education in various professional fields. Each paper addresses the following factors: present and future needs for manpower; trends which will affect manpower needs and demands; present capability of higher education to meet manpower needs (with special attention to the South); major trends in education that will affect future manpower supply; and recommendations for state and regional planning. The papers were commissioned in the fields of agriculture, allied health, computer science, dentistry, engineering, law, medicine, nursing, optometry, and social work. The consultants selected to prepare the papers were persons considered to be broadly knowledgeable about the professions concerned and about educational preparation in these professions. (BM)
- Published
- 1973
46. Role of the Minicomputer in Small Educational Institutions.
- Author
-
Toronto Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Computer Science. and Holt, Richard C.
- Abstract
Data from a brief survey of current and potential uses of minicomputers in small educational institutions suggests that the principal role of minicomputers in such institutions will be for school administration and for teaching the use of computers. In the instructional area, emphasis should be placed on teaching (1) the potentials and significance of computer applications; (2) algorithmic problem solving skills; and (3) computer programing. Recommendations for minicomputer software to support such courses are given. (DGC)
- Published
- 1974
47. On the Analysis of Human Problem Solving Protocols.
- Author
-
Carnegie Inst. of Tech., Pittsburgh, PA. and Newell, Allen
- Abstract
A method for improving the induction of computer programs from human problem solving protocols begins with four steps. The first step requires dividing the protocol into phrases that represent the performer's single assertions about the task or a single act of task oriented behavior. Second, the operators and information constituting single states of knowledge are set down in the construction of problem spaces. Next, a Problem Behavior Graph (PBG) is plotted by proceeding through the phrases of the protocol. Finally, a production system, which captures the regularities in the subject's search behavior, is created in several stages: (1) conjecturing individual productions at each node of the PBG; (2) consolidating the production system, a process analogous to the subroutinization of a large program; (3) plotting the production system against the PBG; and (4) determining a conflict resolution rule. A 33-reference bibliography is appended. (KB)
- Published
- 1966
48. World Conference on Computer Education-1970.
- Author
-
International Federation for Information Processing, Geneva (Switzerland)., Sheepmaker, B., and Zinn, Karl L.
- Abstract
Nearly 150 papers presented at this conference, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing, are included in this volume which surveys the state of the art of computer education. Nine papers provide an overview on such topics as computer science and mathematics, computer education in the 1970's, computers and the humanities, and mathematical learning models as tools for computer-assisted instruction. A series of papers discuss the social implications of computers on trade unions, public services, and governmental responsibilities. Part II of the volume, "Education about Computers," groups papers under these topics: computer education in secondary schools, teacher training, national schemes for computer education and governmental responsibilities, the place of computer and information science in higher education, education management, national and international efforts to develop computer education, the planning and execution of programs for computer specialists in universities, and professional training. Part III includes papers which discuss the practice of computer based learning, computer languages, simulation, and strategies for development and presentation of computer based learning exercises. (JK)
- Published
- 1970
49. Monte Carlo Simulation of Counting Experiments.
- Author
-
Ogden, Philip M.
- Abstract
A computer program to perform a Monte Carlo simulation of counting experiments was written. The program was based on a mathematical derivation which started with counts in a time interval. The time interval was subdivided to form a binomial distribution with no two counts in the same subinterval. Then the number of subintervals was extended to infinity to form the Poisson distribution. Under restricted conditions the Gaussian (normal) distribution can approximate the Poisson. The computer program was written in the BASIC and FORTRAN languages and generates a pseudo-random number for each subinterval. These generated numbers are then compared with the Poisson and Gaussian distributions. A graphical display of the results is part of the program. A sample output is supplied in an appendix. (WH)
- Published
- 1973
50. Solving the Quadratic Capacitated Facilities Location Problem by Computer.
- Author
-
Cote, Leon C. and Smith, Wayland P.
- Abstract
Several computer programs were developed to solve various versions of the quadratic capacitated facilities location problem. Matrices, which represent various business costs, are defined for the factors of sites, facilities, customers, commodities, and production units. The objective of the program is to find an optimization matrix for the lowest cost, given the restrictions of the problem. The algorithms, COMPAT and SWITCH, are devised to solve portions of the problem with the subroutines, CHANGE and MUNKRES. These programs are tried on several different problems, and the different results are compared. Suggestions for future research, particularly using Gilmore's branch and bound technique, are made. (WH)
- Published
- 1973
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