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Inversion of time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography is an extension of the conventional electrical resistivity tomography inversion that aims to reconstruct resistivity variations in time. This method is widely used in monitoring subsurface processes such as groundwater evolution. The inverse problem is usually solved through deterministic algorithms, which usually guarantee a fast solution convergence. However, the electrical resistivity tomography inverse problem is ill‐posed and non‐linear, and it could exist more than one resistivity model that explains the observed data. This paper explores a Bayesian approach based on data assimilation, the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation. In particular, we apply an adaptive approach in which the inflation coefficient is chosen based on the error function, that is the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step. Our inversion approach aims to invert the data acquired at two different times simultaneously, estimating the resistivity model and its variation. In addition, the Bayesian approach allows for the assessment of the posterior probability density function needed for quantifying the uncertainties associated with the results. To test the method, we first apply the algorithm to synthetic data generated from realistic resistivity models; then, we invert field data from the Pillemark landfill monitoring station (Samsø, Denmark). Inversion results show that the ensemble smoother multiple data assimilation restricted step can correctly detect the resistivity variation both in the synthetic and in the field case, with an affordable computational burden. In addition, assessing the uncertainties allows us to interpret the reconstructed resistivity model correctly. This paper demonstrates the potential of the data assimilation approach in Bayesian time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper bridges literature on political parties and organizational studies by providing a new theoretical lens on political party developments. There has been growing scholarly interest in populist parties and the issues that serve as the raison d'être for their political platform. While the literature has been preoccupied with the journey of the anti‐hero rising to power, less has been written about the organization of the party once it has transcended to political influence. Likewise, whereas organizational birthmarks and imprinting have been integral concepts in the study of organizations, there has been little permeation of the concepts into the study of political parties. The Danish People's Party and Norwegian Progress Party provide two illustrative cases, showing that their original formation and later transformation into the current parties brought with it challenges to their structure and ideology. Our findings show that while an increase in external support to the political party, that is, votes, imprints organizational birthmarks, it is during a decrease in the very same external support that organizational birthmarks are uncovered and challenged. Through process‐tracing and our theoretical model, we identify organizational birthmarks and causal mechanisms in which competing organizational birthmarks create an internal division within the political party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate how children with cerebral palsy (CP) perform in the Danish school system and which factors are associated with school performance. Method: This was a population‐based cohort study including 463 126 children born from 1997 to 2003. Data were extracted from seven national registries. The study encompassed 818 children with CP (483 [59.0%] males, 335 [41.0%] females) and 417 731 without CP (214 535 [51.4%] males, 203 196 [48.6%] females). We evaluated two primary outcomes: not completing 10 years of elementary school, defined as attending fewer than eight final mandatory exams; and grade point averages (GPAs). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyse differences in GPAs and logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results: Among children with and without CP, 62.6% and 12.4% did not complete elementary school respectively (OR = 11.85 [10.28–13.66]). Additionally, children with CP who attended all final exams achieved lower overall GPAs than children without CP (6.6 vs 7.3, p = 0.001). In children with CP, comorbidities, maternal education, severity of motor impairments, and intellectual deficits were associated with increased odds of not completing elementary school. Notably, one‐third of children with CP with apparent normal intelligence did not complete school, despite special educational measures. Interpretation: Danish children with CP rarely complete elementary school despite initiatives for a more supportive educational system. The complexity of individual needs in children with CP may be challenging for an inclusive school environment. What this paper adds: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have a high risk of not completing elementary school.Children with CP achieve lower overall grades than children without CP.Motor impairment, comorbidities, and maternal education are associated with poor school performance.Intellectual impairment is the most important predictor of poor school performance. What this paper adds: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have a high risk of not completing elementary school.Children with CP achieve lower overall grades than children without CP.Motor impairment, comorbidities, and maternal education are associated with poor school performance.Intellectual impairment is the most important predictor of poor school performance. This original article is commented on by Lebeer on pages 1273–1274 of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deprescribing is the process of reducing or stopping medications when they are unnecessary, have more harm than benefit, or do not align with healthcare goals. The field of deprescribing has grown rapidly in the past decade due to the global problem of medication overuse. The first International Conference on Deprescribing (ICOD) was held in Denmark in September 2022, bringing together 250 participants from around the world. This special issue contains 25 papers that cover a range of topics related to deprescribing, including research, patient/provider communication, knowledge synthesis, deprescribing interventions, patient perspectives, interprofessional collaboration, and real-world deprescribing patterns. The papers aim to inspire and inform further growth and innovation in the field of deprescribing. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents an insight into two Farsi complementary language classrooms in Copenhagen, Denmark, characterised by political sensitivities. We illustrate a number of characteristic features of the classrooms concerning language use, pedagogical methods and cultural phenomena, which were related to key adults' preferences, and we consider possible interpretations of them as indexical signs. In particular, we emphasise ideological interpretations (e.g. the monolingualism norm and language purism) and we relate the classroom characteristics to the contemporary state of Iran as well as to the time and place in which the classes occurred. We analyse both explicit metapragmatic messages and implicit ways of indicating ideologies, and see both types as characterised by avoidance of particular referents, that is, by unmentionables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper describes registered nurses' lived experiences of caring relationships in the context of homecare provision for older adults living in Denmark. With the growing ageing population throughout Europe, more older adults will require complex care solutions within already overburdened care systems. This development places demands on the competencies and organisation of homecare nurses, as they become key players in healthcare systems. Fostering caring relationships in homecare is a rewarding and valuable process that enhances the holistic and humanising aspects of caring for older adults. For a caring relationship to be truly caring, we must understand not only the subjective experience of such a relationship but also how it is experienced in relation to and shared with others. Aim: This study aimed to describe the essential meaning of the phenomenon of caring relationships in homecare for older adults based on the lived experiences of homecare nurses. Approach and Methods: Registered nurses working in homecare for older adults were interviewed, and a phenomenological analysis was conducted according to the methodological principles of the reflective lifeworld research approach. Findings: The essential meaning of the phenomenon is described as creating an existential and embodied space in which each patient's world is the foundation of caring. The constituents are as follows: caring for the whole person, a sense of 'at‐homeness' through trusting 'the other', experiencing continuity as caring and prioritising the time to care. Conclusion: Caring competence in homecare for older adults relies on a nurse's ability to intertwine physical and existential care needs and articulate them in their daily work. A focus on the phenomenon of caring relationships brings value to and adds an extra layer to the discussion on caring competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an account of the history of veterinary bacteriology including clinical veterinary bacteriology as well as the area of veterinary public health in Denmark from the 1880s to 2022. We describe key persons, including B. Bang, C.O. Jensen, K.A. Jensen and others who made important contributions to the development of these areas of microbiological expertise, and we discuss how challenges ranging from bovine tuberculosis to bacterial antimicrobial resistance have been met. Further, we describe progress in research on important bacterial pathogens both with regard to animal clinical aspects and zoonotic food‐related aspects. Finally, we describe current issues in relation to One Health and research organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender stereotypes in the natural sciences may discourage girls from pursuing STEM fields, thus contributing to the differential STEM pathways of males and females. This paper exploits quasi‐experimental data from a vignette study to investigate teachers' gender bias in STEM at the transition to upper secondary school in Denmark—a key stage in students' educational trajectories. I investigate if teachers have a higher probability of recommending a STEM track to a (vignette) male student compared with a (vignette) female student and if teachers' STEM recommendations interact with their demographic characteristics. Results show that, while there is a gender gap of 10 percentage points in the likelihood of being recommended a STEM track, the difference is not statistically significant. Furthermore, teachers' gender bias is influenced by the teacher's own gender and cultural capital. Consequently, the paper shows that teachers' gender bias varies with teachers' demographic characteristics and teachers with high levels of cultural capital can push back against gender stereotypes in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 2008 The American Academy of Religion published the findings of an eighteen month study (conducted with funding from the Teagle Foundation) on 'The Religious Studies Major in a Post-9/11World: New Challenges, New Opportunities.' Re-published here, this AAR-Teagle White Paper provides the opportunity for four respondents to raise issues and questions about the teaching of religion in their own institutional contexts. First, Jane Webster describes how the White Paper's 'five characteristics of the religion major' find expression in her biblical literature course. Then James Buckley suggests some of the general level teaching issues provoked by the study and analyzes how well the White Paper aligns with how the teaching of religion is conceived in his Catholic university context. Tim Jensen draws comparisons between the White Paper and the higher education structures and goals from his university context in Denmark, raising questions about what motivates students to major in religious studies, the 'utility' of a religious studies major, and whether students' religious and spiritual concerns ought to enter the classroom. And finally Stacey Floyd-Thomas finds surprising similarities between the state of the religion major and the various crises facing contemporary North American theological education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Scandinavian countries, reablement has become a principle permeating all parts of elderly care, hence potentially transforming care and care work. This article explores the advent of new knowledge paradigms and practices of physiotherapists and occupational therapists transforming reabling care in particular ways, leading to what we term a logic of training emerging in the field. These professional groups have obtained a dominant position as reablement specialists in Norway and Denmark, where our extensive fieldwork was performed as part of a 3‐year research project. Taking inspiration from Annemarie Mol's concept of logic, we study how professional practices are organised and infused with specific values, meanings and ideals in situated contexts. We hence explore the logic of training, its abstracted image of the body and rational goal‐oriented model for progress measurement and its ramifications when addressing ageing bodies in a complex field marked by the unpredictabilities of the social and lived bodies, administrative rules and temporalities and the quest for empowering and involving clients. The paper concludes by pointing at new contradictions arising when practicing reabling care and particularly points out the tensions arising in care relations, where ambitions on empowering and disciplining the client and the elderly body may collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Concern is growing about inequality in cancer treatment, and a call has been made for more knowledge of the underlying causes of this inequality. Studies show that patients with low socioeconomic status in general face a greater risk of inequality than patients with a high socioeconomic status. Aim: The aim of the present study was to uncover how institutional factors may exacerbate inequality in cancer treatment for patients with low socioeconomic status exemplified by patients with head and neck cancer, most of whom have low socioeconomic status. Method: Inspired by Fairclough, we undertook a critical discourse analysis investigating the treatment pathway of patients with head and neck cancer on the basis of policy papers. Results: These papers, which we conceived as formative instruments, harboured a discourse of efficiency and a discourse of participation, together carving out an effective cancer treatment pathway provided patients act in line with the recommendations. Discussion: The discourses of efficiency and participation are not unfamiliar in health care, and prior research shows that they may pose difficulties for patients with low socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The discoursal framing of head and neck cancer treatment may exacerbate inequality because most patients with a low socioeconomic status fail to comprehend and act in accordance with these discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use has been recognized as a challenge in eldercare and social care, and some anticipate that problems related to alcohol use will increase in the future as the current adult generation has high alcohol consumption rates. Accordingly, it is suggested that care workers are at risk of becoming passive bystanders to the destructive lifestyles of vulnerable older adults and even facilitating these lifestyles. In the present paper, we suggest that alcohol exacerbates and underscores inherent difficulties in eldercare, such as finding an appropriate balance between the personal freedom of the older adult and the responsibility of the care worker to provide care. The specific focus in the paper regard the communication and interaction involving values between people in eldercare in cases of problematic alcohol‐related situations to uncover the difficulties. We found it noteworthy that the objectives and perspectives of older adults, care workers, managers and relatives have implications regarding their interactions and communications because their varying experiences involve values that are not necessarily aligned. Sometimes, care workers have no choice but to act against what, in the public sphere and to the other care workers, is ruled out by virtue of their professional ethics. It is suggested that care workers describe and judge situations where alcohol is present paradoxically by virtue of their professional ethics, yet regulate their care to preserve the dignity of older adults, even when they find the situation to be an apparent dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political accountability requires that voters understand the distribution of policy outcome responsibility among their vote choice options. Research on partisan‐motivated reasoning suggests that voters do not meet this requirement. The problem is that voters condition their attributions of responsibility to the government on their party identification. Government identifiers credit the government for desirable outcomes and blame external forces such as the global economy for undesirable outcomes. This paper draws a more optimistic conclusion. It argues that focusing on the perceived responsibility of the government and external forces is not sufficient for understanding whether voters meet the responsibility attribution requirement. It is also necessary to compare the perceived responsibility of government parties to the perceived responsibility of opposition parties because those are the options that voters get to choose from. This party distribution of perceived responsibility is analyzed with original survey data from Denmark and the United Kingdom. The results demonstrate that while party identification does indeed condition voters' responsibility attributions, both government identifiers and independents attribute systematically more responsibility to the government than to the opposition regardless of the desirability of the outcome. This suggests that voters tend to meet the responsibility attribution requirement of accountability despite the presence of partisan‐motivated reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use social representations theory to examine how young people made sense of COVID‐19 and the emergent behavioral guidelines during the lockdown in Denmark in Spring 2020. Further, we discuss how this informed their moral functioning. This research is explored through triangulation, investigating how COVID‐19 was represented in central speeches by Danish leaders (N = 4) and by young people in focus groups (n = 5, N = 25) and individual interviews (N = 10). Results suggest that young people's moral functioning during COVID‐19 depended on multiple, often polemic, representations. Consequently, their moral functioning was found to be an ambivalent practice, resulting in coping strategies of adaptation to their surroundings and othering fellow citizens deviating from the guidelines. In this context, coherent communication by authorities and community values are identified as key to promoting behavior change. As the social impact of COVID‐19 is unprecedented in many societies, including the Danish, this study contributes to the field of emerging infectious diseases providing insights that are essential for the continued management of this and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines institutional change in father‐specific leave ‐ a centre‐piece of the EU's work‐life balance directive (WLBD) ‐ from the perspective of gradual institutional change. The WLBD, a highly contentious directive, represents a litmus test for the possible impact of the European pillar of social rights (EPSR), on welfare state institutions, which are responsible for the organisation, financing and delivery of social rights in member states. The analysis comprises in‐depth case studies in Denmark, Germany, France and Poland, with different combinations of family and parental leave policies prior to the WLBD. The findings reveal that the EU's directive is leading to convergence in paternity leave, but to divergence in parental leave. Our study is important because it shows that even if EU directives in social policy in principle can lead to upwards social convergence across the EU, when they are relatively weak in terms of precise constraint, for instance, for the level of remuneration for leave, this leads to differentiated integration. This could undermine the very purpose of the EPSR, which seeks to improve social rights for all citizens across the EU. Similar dynamics are likely to be present in other areas at the welfare state‐labor market nexus, such as minimum wages or platform work, where the EU is also developing regulation under the auspices of the EPSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence in perioperative care is insufficient. There is an urgent need for large perioperative research programmes, including pragmatic randomised trials, testing daily clinical treatments and unanswered question, thereby providing solid evidence for effects of interventions given to a large and growing number of patients undergoing surgery and anaesthesia. This may be achieved through large collaborations. Collaboration for Evidence‐based Practice and Research in Anaesthesia (CEPRA) is a novel collaborative research network founded to pursue evidence‐based answers to major clinical questions in perioperative medicine. The aims of CEPRA are to (1) improve clinical treatment and outcomes and optimise the use of resources for patients undergoing anaesthesia and perioperative care, and (2) disseminate results and inform caretakers, patients and relatives, and policymakers of evidence‐based treatments in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine. CEPRA is inclusive in its concept. We aim to extend our collaboration with all relevant clinical collaborators and patient associations and representatives. Although initiated in Denmark, CEPRA seeks to develop an international network infrastructure, for example, with other Nordic countries. The work of CEPRA will follow the highest methodological standards. The organisation aims to structure and optimise any element of the research collaboration to reduce economic costs and harness benefits from well‐functioning research infrastructure. This includes successive continuation of trials, harmonisation of outcomes, and alignment of data management systems. This paper presents the initiation and visions of the CEPRA network. CEPRA aims to be inclusive, patient‐focused, methodologically sound, and to optimise all aspects of research logistics. This will translate into faster research conduct, reliable results, and accelerated clinical implementation of results, thereby benefiting millions of patients whilst being cost and labour‐saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populist radical right‐wing parties (PRRPs) in Western Europe have almost without exception shifted their position on distributive issues, abandoning their earlier support for a minimal welfare state in favor of higher social spending. Recent studies suggest that PRRPs' distributive preferences go beyond the clash between simply expanding or retrenching welfare; instead, they defend a specific welfare state that focuses on consumption policies for the "deserving." Drawing on this literature and the welfare paradigm literature, this paper suggests that PRRPs are not only welfare chauvinist but that they promote what we call a "dualistic" welfare state: protectionism for the "deserving" and neoliberal for the "undeserving." To unpack PRRPs' welfare attitude and verify their influence on welfare reforms, this study focuses on two cases in which a PRRP cooperated with governing parties: Denmark (2009–2011) and Austria (2017–2019). The study confirms that PRRPs pursued a coherent but dual approach to welfare state distribution. Policy negotiations show that PRRPs successfully pursue austerity and workfare measures for social policies targeting the "undeserving," while preserving and expanding consumption policies for the "deserving." This paper thus contributes to the research on PRRPs' welfare attitudes and, more broadly, the recent welfare transformations in Western Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on cultural stratification often draws on Bourdieu's misrecognition model to interpret socioeconomic gradients in cultural tastes and participation. In this model, an assumed cultural hierarchy leads individuals to adopt cultural tastes and behaviours whose status is congruent with that of their socioeconomic position (SEP). Yet, this assumed cultural hierarchy remains opaque. In this paper, we derive and test three empirical implications of the cultural hierarchy: (1) cultural activities have different status (recognition); (2) individuals in high and low SEPs have similar perceptions of the status of cultural activities (necessary condition for misrecognition); and (3) individuals prefer and engage in cultural activities whose status matches that of their SEP (status congruence). We collected survey data in Denmark and find that cultural activities differ in terms of perceived status (e.g., opera has higher perceived status than flea market), status perceptions are similar in high‐ and low‐SEP groups and individuals prefer activities whose status matches that of their SEP. These results are consistent with the idea that a cultural hierarchy exists that sustains SEP gradients in cultural tastes and participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effects of a physical activity programme on sedentary behaviour and physical activity in ambulant individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT). Method: In this multicentre randomized waitlist‐controlled trial, we recruited 43 ambulatory individuals with RTT in Australia and Denmark. Adequate baseline data were obtained from 38 participants (mean age 20 years, range 6–41, SD 10 years 6 months, one male). All completed the trial. Participants received 12 weeks of usual care (n = 19) or a goal‐based, telehealth‐supported programme in which activities occurred in their familiar environments (n = 19). Sedentary time and daily steps were assessed at baseline, post‐test, and 12‐week follow‐up. The data analyst was blinded to group allocation. Results: Sedentary time decreased in the intervention group by 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] −6.0 to 0.6) and increased in the control group by 1.3% (95% CI −4.8 to 7.4). Intervention and control groups increased the number of their steps per day by 264.7 (95% CI −72.2 to 601.5) and 104.8 (95% CI −178.1 to 387.7) respectively. No significant differences were found on any outcomes at post‐test. There were three minor adverse events. Interpretation: A goal‐based telehealth intervention seemed to produce small improvements in physical activity for individuals with RTT. Families require more support to increase these individuals' extremely low physical activity levels. What this paper adds: A telehealth‐supported intervention may produce small changes in physical activity in Rett syndrome (RTT).Increasing physical activity in individuals with RTT is challenging for caregivers.Families require substantial out‐of‐home support to increase their children's activity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift towards recovery‐oriented mental health care has led to the extensive growth of peer support in contemporary service delivery. When enacting peer support, peer workers (PWs) use their lived experiences of mental illness to provide support to individuals experiencing mental health difficulties. While PWs are increasingly an integrated part of mental health services, the way in which peer support unfolds in everyday practices remains understudied. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from Danish mental health centres, this paper investigates how peer workers and users enact experiential knowledge and expertise to support one another. Theoretically, this paper draws on a micro‐sociological approach that comprehends expertise as an interactional accomplishment enacted within institutional arrangements. First, the analysis shows how PWs and users develop affective relations based on shared illness experiences that enable the enactment of expertise. Second, it demonstrates how PWs and users engage in these relations by exchanging sympathy and knowledge according to different situational demands. Third, it shows how experiences of relational limitations make service users contest the value of experiential knowledge and PWs' position as valid experts. Centrally, this paper contributes to a general discussion of expertise and the implications of bringing lived experiences into mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aetiology of multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown but various environmental exposures are suspected as risk factors. We present the first paper analysing the geographical distribution of MM in Denmark at the municipal level to investigate variations that could be explained by environmental exposures. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MM in Denmark during 2005–2020 were identified from nationwide registries and grouped into the 98 Danish municipalities based on residence. The age‐ and sex‐standardised incidence rate (SIR) of each municipality was compared to the national incidence in a funnel plot with 95% control limits. Differences in SIRs of rural, suburban, and urban areas were evaluated with incidence rate ratios. Results: In total, 5243 MM patients were included. Overall, we found a heterogeneous geographical distribution of MM and a potential hotspot in southern Denmark. This hotspot contains three municipalities with SIRs above the 95% control limit assuming considerably higher rate of MM compared to the national incidence rate. A significant higher SIR was found in rural areas compared to urban areas. Conclusion: The geographical distribution of MM in Denmark indicates that the risk of developing MM depends on place of residence probably due to environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigates the effectiveness of the segmentation principle from the cognitive theory of multimedia learning as well as the effectiveness of the generative learning strategy of summarization in immersive virtual reality (IVR) within a sample of preadolescents. Although previous research has supported the effectiveness of these instructional methods in multimedia learning, it remains unclear whether segmentation, summarization or the combination of both are superior to a stand‐alone IVR lesson in facilitating learning. Methods: To address this gap, 190 sixth to seventh grade students learned about the human body in an IVR lesson. Students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: (a) an IVR lesson divided into four segments (segmentation condition); (b) an IVR lesson, where students summarized after the entire lesson (summarizing condition); (c) an IVR lesson presented in four segments, where students summarized after each segment (combined condition); and (d) an IVR lesson without any manipulation (control condition). Results: Results indicated that, compared to the control condition, adding segmentation or summarization to an IVR lesson leads to better transfer, but not to acquiring more factual knowledge. Combining the two methods did not improve learning. Conclusion: The findings support the evidence that choosing appropriate instructional methods for IVR lessons can foster transfer. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: The use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in classroom settings is increasing rapidlyThere are mixed results related to the efficiency of using IVR for learning facts and conceptsFew studies have investigated if efficient instructional design guidelines generalize to IVRFew studies have investigated the efficiency of IVR within a children sample What their paper adds: A class‐room investigation of the value of using different instructional design methods for designing IVR lessons within a children sampleResults indicated that, compared to the control condition, adding segmentation or summarization to an IVR lesson leads to better transferAdding segmentation or summarization did not lead to more factual knowledge Implications of study findings for practitioners: Choosing appropriate instructional methods for IVR lessons can foster transferStudents profit most from IVR lessons when they are given opportunities for refection during or following the immersive experience [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine how collaboration can yield new insights into inquiries of legal geography and transform the ways that legal work is carried out. Drawing on feminist methodologies, I put forward feminist legal collaboration – a method and praxis – through which legal geographers can address the everyday manifestations and contestations of power in relation to law and space, while at the same time build alliances with people whose (legal) rights are currently contested. I reflect on my experiences of doing everyday collaborative work with legal practitioners, activists, and forced migrants at community centres in Denmark. Through two empirical examples of legal collaboration, I show how collaboration offers insights into migration law and legal procedures that are impossible to gain from just reading the law. The process of collaborating can teach us about the politics in law and reveal political possibilities within these socio‐legal spaces. We might think of feminist legal collaboration as a method and praxis that takes place through direct engagement with the law and legal practices in order to co‐produce knowledge and radically reconfigure existing approaches to legal counselling. The feminist legal collaborative approach, which I put forward here, is not limited to research on the legal geographies of (forced) migration. Rather, I imagine that feminist legal collaboration can be used in relation to different legal issues, grounded in the local empirical context(s) and attending to the needs and injustices on the ground. This paper examines how feminist collaboration as a method and praxis can contribute new insights into the field of legal geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates different uses of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) in national journal rankings and discusses the merits of supplementing metrics with expert assessment. Our focus is national journal rankings used as evidence to support decisions about the distribution of institutional funding or career advancement. The seven countries under comparison are China, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Turkey—and the region of Flanders in Belgium. With the exception of Italy, top‐tier journals used in national rankings include those classified at the highest level, or according to tier, or points implemented. A total of 3,565 (75.8%) out of 4,701 unique top‐tier journals were identified as having a JIF, with 55.7% belonging to the first Journal Impact Factor quartile. Journal rankings in China, Flanders, Poland, and Turkey classify journals with a JIF as being top‐tier, but only when they are in the first quartile of the Average Journal Impact Factor Percentile. Journal rankings that result from expert assessment in Denmark, Finland, and Norway regularly classify journals as top‐tier outside the first quartile, particularly in the social sciences and humanities. We conclude that experts, when tasked with metric‐informed journal rankings, take into account quality dimensions that are not covered by JIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on hyperhidrosis comorbidities has documented the co‐occurrence of diseases but has not provided information about temporal disease associations. Objective: To investigate the temporal disease trajectories of individuals with hospital‐diagnosed hyperhidrosis. Methods: This is a hospital‐based nationwide cohort study including all patients with a hospital contact in Denmark between 1994 and 2018. International Classification of Diseases version‐10 diagnoses assigned to inpatients, outpatients and emergency department patients were collected from the Danish National Patient Register. The main outcome was the temporal disease associations occurring in individuals with hyperhidrosis, which was assessed by identifying morbidities significantly associated with hyperhidrosis and then examining whether there was a significant order of these diagnoses using binomial tests. Results: Overall, 7 191 519 patients were included. Of these, 8758 (0.12%) patients had localized hyperhidrosis (5674 female sex [64.8%]; median age at first diagnosis 26.9 [interquartile range 21.3–36.1]) and 1102 (0.015%) generalized hyperhidrosis (606 female sex [59.9%]; median age at first diagnosis 40.9 [interquartile range 26.4–60.7]). The disease trajectories comprised pain complaints, stress, epilepsy, respiratory and psychiatric diseases. The most diagnosed morbidities for localized hyperhidrosis were abdominal pain (relative risk [RR] = 121.75; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 121.14–122.35; P < 0.001), soft tissue disorders (RR = 151.19; 95% CI 149.58–152.80; P < 0.001) and dorsalgia (RR = 160.15; 95% CI 158.92–161.38; P < 0.001). The most diagnosed morbidities for generalized hyperhidrosis were dorsalgia (RR = 306.59; 95% CI 302.17–311.02; P < 0.001), angina pectoris (RR = 411.69; 95% CI 402.23–421.16; P < 0.001) and depression (RR = 207.92; 95% CI 202.21–213.62; P < 0.001). All these morbidities were diagnosed before hyperhidrosis. Conclusions: This paper ascertains which hospital‐diagnosed morbidities precede hospital‐diagnosed hyperhidrosis. As hyperhidrosis mainly is treated in the primary health care sector, the trajectories suggests that these morbidities may lead to a worse disease course of hyperhidrosis that necessitates treatment in hospitals. Treating these morbidities may improve the disease course of hyperhidrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 20th century, objective class position was a strong predictor of both class identity, political preferences and party choice, but since the 1980s, the relationship between objective and subjective dimensions of class has supposedly vanished–according to some as the result of a fundamental blurring of class relations. However, others suggest that this result may be partly due to the use of outdated class schemes. Although still basically focused on inequality of life chances, class relations today are complex and include more than labor market position, such as different forms of cultural resources (e.g., education). As a result, class identity may also have become more complex, and possibly dependent upon the salience of different resources and types of group relations—both in itself and in its relationship with political preferences. Very few contributions, though, test such claims. Using two independent Danish surveys, this paper investigates to what extent class identification is multidimensional and how any such dimensionality is related to, on the one hand, different dimensions of objective class relations and, on the other hand, different dimensions of political conflict. The analyses show that despite changes at the overall, societal level, class identity remains a primarily unidimensional concept both in its structural origins and its relationship with politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we build on a robust literature on push and pull factors to focus on the personality traits and values of individuals involved in organized crime. We distinguish organized crime from other kinds of criminal activity and recruit a unique sample of non‐incarcerated individuals verified by the Danish National Police to be involved in organized crime. We use comprehensive standardized psychological assessments of their big five personality traits, maladaptive dark traits and core values and drivers to compare them to an adult norm group. Danish individuals involved in organized crime are much less emotionally stable (d = 1.84), ambitious and self‐confident (d = 1.50), agreeable (d = 0.87) and conscientious (d = 0.65) than the norm group. At the same time, they have substantially higher scores on all but one of the 11 dark traits (Cohen's d ranging from 0.39 to 3.10). They are characterized by a high need for security (d = 1.14) as well as material (d = 0.96) and financial success (d = 0.81). While these patterns fit results previously found in the criminological literature, a latent class analysis reveals two separate groups. A subset of one third of our sample had somewhat less depressed scores on the big five and more moderate scores on the dark traits, indicating more adaptive personality structures. We consider this novel finding in terms of potential exits from a milieu of organized crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent paper by Schall et al. (2020) concluded that beech forests managed in even‐aged (EA) rotation systems were more efficient than unmanaged (UNM) forest and forest managed in uneven‐aged (UEA) selective cutting systems in supporting landscape‐scale biodiversity in Germany.The authors based their conclusion on a comprehensive multitaxon survey and a promising resampling model for assessing gamma diversity at landscape scale. Here, we challenge their conclusions and evaluate the importance of UNM forests for conservation of forest biodiversity.The average amount of dead wood reported from EA stands (27.8 m3/ha) was almost 30% higher than reported from UNM stands (21.6 m3/ha) in the study. Averages from long UNM temperate forests in Europe are typically six to seven times higher (131–157 m3/ha). We therefore conclude the UNM studied stands to reflect legacies of former management, and to be poorly representative of UNM forests. Data from our own studies, including long UNM beech stands in Denmark, demonstrate how this shortcoming seriously undermines the general validity of the presented results to conservation of forest biodiversity.Synthesis and applications. Preservation and restoration of intact forest ecosystems remains essential to biodiversity conservation. We show that the findings of Schall et al. (2020) do not contradict this important notion. Schall and colleagues identified UEA management systems as potentially inferior to more traditional EA management systems for conserving forest biodiversity at the landscape scale. The paper also provides insight into the limited short‐term conservation value of simply abandoning forest management in intensively managed landscapes. Based on this, we call for discarding the current orthodox view of non‐intervention when new forest reserves are created in temperate Europe. Active reinforcement of natural disturbance regimes and active habitat creation may lead to faster recovery of natural stand structure and forest biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the association between a maternal history of spontaneous abortion and intellectual disability in children. Method: This cohort study included 1 778 786 children (913 340 males, 865 085 females, 361 missing data; mean age 15y 2mo, SD 8y 11mo, range birth to 40y) born in Denmark between 1977 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of intellectual disability. Results: The overall HR of intellectual disability for children with a maternal history of spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.22) and the risk for multiple spontaneous abortions (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20–1.40) was higher than for a single spontaneous abortion (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.18). When only cases of inpatient intellectual disability were included, the estimates increased slightly: the overall HR was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32), the HR for multiple spontaneous abortions was 1.37 (95% CI 1.20–1.58), and the HR for a single spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07–1.28). The risks were similar regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. Estimates were nearly unchanged after adjusting for preterm birth, low birthweight, or Apgar score. Interpretation: Children born to mothers with spontaneous abortion, especially multiple spontaneous abortions, may be at a higher risk of intellectual disability in later life, regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. The findings have clinical implications for targeted early intervention of children with intellectual disability. What this paper addsA maternal history of spontaneous abortion was associated with a risk of intellectual disability in offspring.The risk was higher in children whose mothers previously had multiple spontaneous abortions.Similar risks were observed regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after childbirth. What this paper adds: A maternal history of spontaneous abortion was associated with a risk of intellectual disability in offspring.The risk was higher in children whose mothers previously had multiple spontaneous abortions.Similar risks were observed regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowd‐sourced observations (CSO) offer great potential for numerical weather prediction (NWP). This paper offers a synthesis of progress, challenges and opportunities in this area based on a special session of the EWGLAM Meeting in 2019, concentrating on high‐resolution limited‐area models (LAMs). Two main application areas of CSO are described: data assimilation and verification. One part of data assimilation developments concentrates on smartphone pressure observations, which represent a large volume of data. However, special care has to be taken about data protection and the quality of observations. In this paper, two examples are presented: the SMAPS experiment from Denmark and the uWx experiment from the United States. Another data assimilation topic is citizen observations with low‐cost weather sensors; here an example from Norway is presented using Netatmo stations. The other application area is the use of CSO for model verification. One novel method developed in the United Kingdom is applying social media data to detect severe weather events. This approach is especially important because one future application area of LAM NWP models is impact‐oriented warnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents central elements of what we have termed Jungian socioanalysis - an emerging theory combining analytical psychology, complexity theories, sociological theories, socio- and psychoanalysis, social dreaming, group analysis and affect theories consisting of five assumptions (see also Odde & Vestergaard 2021). Jungian socioanalysis develops a process approach, as opposed to a systems approach, to sociality. In this paper we focus mostly on one of the five assumptions, namely that Jungian socioanalysis explores social fields 'from within' through smaller groups, treating group processes as a vehicle to gain a psychosocial and cultural understanding of larger social entities. We give an example of this approach with a presentation of two local social dreaming experiences in Denmark, focusing on Europe in transition. We show that the most significant outcome doesn't rely on the specific content of the dreams, but rather on the engagement in the social dreaming process itself, resulting in transformative image-affects. The paper ends with reflections on how these social dreaming experiences inform a Jungian socioanalysis, pointing to enabling intersubjective meetings, or present moments, opening for a deeper understanding from within the group as opposed to a systems approach. The paper is a revised version of a presentation at the 2018 European Congress in Avignon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Danish policy and public debates, the concept of integration is often related to a problematization of immigrants, which paradoxically makes their successful integration into Danish society unobtainable. In recent years, Denmark has become known for its increasingly restrictive policies regarding immigration and integration, although an internal 'exceptionalist' understanding of the country as a place without discrimination on the basis of race and ethnicity still prevails. Drawing on interviews with principals and teachers from 15 Danish schools, the paper analyses these professionals' reflections on their work of educating immigrant children in a societal context of restrictive immigration and integration policies, focusing specifically on how they construct, cross, and work at the boundaries between school and society. The article contributes to our understanding of professionals' processes of navigating and demarcating themselves from a highly politicized context of immigration and integration policies, while at the same time illuminating more general societal processes regarding race, integration, and nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to unravel the multifaceted sentiments of belonging which children who are born in Denmark but whose parents have direct personal experiences of transnational migration can have within and beyond the Danish comprehensive public school system. The empirical basis of the study stems from fieldwork at one school in Denmark and consists primarily of interviews with children (n = 19). This study shows how language, religion, and the countries of birth of the children's parents play very different roles in the children's narratives of belonging, which, in turn, indicate that the school to varying degrees accommodates the transnational aspects of children's lives according to how well they fit into the 'Danishness' that the school prescribes. The paper concludes by considering ways forward to better understand and counteract tendencies towards alienation, which schools' handling of the transnational aspects of children's lives might entail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The diagnosis of cancer in a child is a profoundly stressful experience. The impact on parents' somatic health, including lifestyle‐related diseases, however, is unresolved. This paper assesses parents' risk of hospitalization with somatic disease after a child's cancer diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population‐ and register‐based study with parents of all children under age 20 diagnosed with cancer in Denmark between 1998 and 2013 and parents of cancer‐free children, matched (1:10) on child's age and family type. We estimated HR with 95% CI in Cox proportional hazard models for 13 major International Classification of Diseases‐10 disease groups, selected stress‐ and lifestyle‐related disease‐groups, and investigated moderation by time since diagnosis, parental sex, and cancer type. Results: Among n = 7797 parents of children with cancer compared with n = 74,388 parents of cancer‐free children (51% mothers, mean age 42), we found no overall pattern of increased risk for 13 broad disease groups. We found increases in digestive system diseases (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12), genitourinary system diseases (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14), and neoplasms (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.27), the latter attributable mostly to increased rates of tobacco‐related cancers and mothers' diet‐related cancers. Conclusions: This is the first attempt to document the impact of childhood cancer on parents' somatic health. With the exception of increased risk for neoplasms, likely due to shared genetic or lifestyle factors, our findings offer the reassuring message, that the burden of caring for a child with cancer does not in general increase parents' risk for somatic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The means by which patients acquire their medications differ between countries, and a knowledge of this is essential when conducting and interpreting pharmacoepidemiological studies. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of how patients obtain medicines in Denmark, to relate these to nationwide registries available for research and to discuss the implications for research. Health services are predominantly tax‐funded in Denmark, with dentistry and some medicine bought at community pharmacies being exceptions, involving partial reimbursement of charges. The paper gives an overview of prescription medicines acquired from community pharmacies (including magistral preparations), over‐the‐counter medicines, vaccinations and in‐hospital medicine including so‐called "free medicine" (in Danish: "vederlagsfri medicin"). "Free medicine" is medicines for a defined list of diseases and indications that is provided free of charge to patients in outpatient clinics. The paper also describes the content of the various Danish data sources about medicine use, summarizes their strengths and limitations, and exemplifies the ways of evaluating their completeness. An example is provided of the regional variation in the means by which medicines are acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immersive virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in organizational training interventions. However, few studies have systematically investigated VR compared to standard training methods in actual organizational contexts. Objectives: The focus of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a VR simulation for training professionals in the biotech industry. Aligning training needs to unique media affordances, the study designed an immersive story‐based VR simulation for training customer‐facing employees on a new product and tested it in an international biotech company. Methods: The system was evaluated by comparing its effectiveness to a traditional video presentation with the same content in a randomized between subjects experiment. The sample consisted of 95 employees across three locations: Brazil, Denmark, and USA. Results: The VR simulation group performed better than the video presentation group on the outcomes of conceptual knowledge (d = 0.41) spatial knowledge (d = 0.61), transfer intentions (d = 0.57), enjoyment (d = 1.74), self‐efficacy (d = 0.68), perceived learning (d = 0.89), personal value (d = 0.83), and organizational value (d = 0.82), but no significant difference was found for factual knowledge (d = −0.10). Implications: Results suggest that VR simulations can be effective across cultures in organizational training interventions. VR is specifically effective when the goals of the training are to increase conceptual and spatial understanding as well as enjoyment, and self‐efficacy, but not factual knowledge. Furthermore, employees report higher levels of perceived learning, personal and organizational value and transfer intentions after VR training compared to standard video‐based training. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Immersive virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in organizational training interventions. This interest has especially surged amid recent global challenges, and the sudden need for companies and employees to adapt to the new remote working conditions.However, few studies have systematically investigated VR compared to standard training methods in actual organizational contexts that include a real‐world scenario and a representative testing sample.Applied research that assesses the outcomes of VR based training in realistic learning and training settings is needed. What their paper adds: We propose and test an interdisciplinary approach that links unique features of VR with training needs and multidimensional outcome measures in an organizational training context within the biotech industry in Brazil, Denmark and USA.The findings suggest that a specifically designed VR tool is superior to a comparable video presentation for the outcomes of spatial and conceptual knowledge acquisition and transfer intentions, but not factual knowledge acquisition.The VR group also reported significantly higher personal value, organizational value, self‐efficacy, perceived learning, and enjoyment compared to the video group. Implications of study findings for practitioners: The results support the value of using VR simulations in organizational training, specifically related to affective outcomes as well as spatial and conceptual knowledge and transfer intentions.The study suggests that it is not the medium of VR, but rather the alignment between the training goals with the instructional methods and the unique affordances of VR that will contribute to better or worse learning outcomes.The article describes how to evaluate the effectiveness of VR tools in applied contexts, suggesting that we have to evaluate the effectiveness of tested content with respect to different outcome variables, which coincide with the training outcomes of a particular organizational context.The project as a whole, can be used as a blueprint for future applied research efforts, exemplifying how to bridge gaps between small‐medium‐enterprises, international corporate companies and academic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses selection practices in a Danish phase 1 unit specialised in precision medicine in the field of oncology. Where precision medicine holds the ambition of selecting genetically fit medicine for the patient, we find that precision medicine in the early trial setting is oriented towards selecting clinically and genetically fit patients for available treatment protocols. Investigating how phase 1 oncologists experience and respond to the moral challenges of selecting patients for early clinical trials, we show that inclusion criteria and patient categories are not always transparent to patients. Lack of transparency about inclusion criteria has been interpreted as morally problematic. Yet drawing on social science studies of 'unknowing', we argue that silence and non‐transparency in interactions between oncologists and patients are crucial to respect the moral agency of patients at the edge of life and recognise them as belonging to the public of Danish health care. In the discussion, we consider the practice of placing 'unfit' patients on a waiting list for trial participation. Rather than representing an ethical and political problem, we argue, the waiting list can act as a valve enabling oncologists to navigate the scientific and as well as the moral uncertainties in phase 1 oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, assistive technologies have gained acceptance as tools for supporting chronically ill patients in achieving improvements in physical activity. However, various healthcare and sociological studies show contradicting results regarding the physical and social impact of using such devices. This paper explores real‐time user appropriation of an assistive monitoring/tracking device, the pedometer, in a healthcare intervention, with a particular focus on the technology identities users attribute to the pedometer. The study site was a rehabilitation programme at a local Danish health centre supporting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As part of this empirical study, six focus‐group interviews were conducted with patients before and after they used pedometers. The analysis of respondents' accounts shows that monitoring devices become part of users' complex socio‐technical ensembles in which the use of the device and its tracking of activity is constantly negotiated through experimentation with type and frequency of use; interpretation of knowledge and experience gained via the device; and negotiation of expectations, wellbeing, and the value of quantified knowledge for the management of chronic illness. On the basis of these findings the paper brings together and advances sociological scholarship on chronic illness, embodiment, the quantified self and technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the social relations between inpatients in psychiatric wards. Combining Barker's (2002) concept of 'collective illness identity' with Nelson's (1993) concept of 'epistemological communities', I draw attention to the inpatients' collective identification and experiential knowledge. Through the analysis, three aspects of the inpatients' relationships are unfolded. First, how the inpatients, through bodily expressions and narrative accounts, construct a collective illness identity based on shared experiences of symptoms and suffering. Second, the ways in which the inpatients use their shared experiential knowledge to support one another and challenge the mental health professionals. Third, how the inpatients' reflections on the long‐term potential of their relationships reveal a number of concerns related to their continuation. Centrally, the paper points to the potential and challenges that arise from the inpatients' relations to one another and their embeddedness in a specific time and space. Empirically, the paper draws on five months of participant observation conducted in two psychiatric wards in Denmark and interviews with 14 psychiatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards not only have socioeconomic ramifications, they also have political repercussions. This paper takes stock of the fast‐growing area of research linking disasters triggered by natural hazards to voting behaviour. It is based on the central tenet of voter retrospection: voters place emphasis on past events when making their selection. The study uncovers a great disparity in analysis of electoral outcomes in the wake of disasters, part of which can be explained by the different methodological choices of authors. However, the unpredictability of voting behaviour in the aftermath of disasters also points to the relevance of introducing an intermediate variable when elucidating voter movements. This variable should capture the prevailing political discourses that surround disasters, as these are likely to shape the dynamics of voter retrospection. The paper demonstrates the analytical relevance of such political discourses by contrasting political dynamics in Denmark and Sweden following the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the under‐explored demand‐side of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Based on interview data from a comparative study of the UK and Denmark, the paper analyses employers' perspectives and experiences of ALMPs. In both countries, employers were favourably disposed towards employing unemployed jobseekers but held negative views on conditionality. First, benefit conditionality led to employers receiving large numbers of unsuitable and unfiltered job applications, with associated negative resource impacts. Second, employers perceived this as a product of 'box ticking' and compliance targets. Finally, employers criticised policy and media rhetoric for focusing solely on the supply‐side and for problematizing unemployed candidates. The paper argues that these crucial, but neglected, employer perspectives demonstrate that the current benefit conditionality regime in the UK risks irrevocably 'tarnishing' candidates, which undermines, rather than enhances, their chances of securing employment through ALMPs. This unique dataset provides further evidence that the current direction of policy requires urgent and radical re‐thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, the figure of the algorithm has emerged as a matter of concern in discussions about the current state of the healthcare sector and what it may become. While analytical focus has mainly centred on 'algorithmic entities', the paper argues that we have to move our analytical focus towards 'algorithmic assemblages', if we are to understand how advanced algorithms will affect health care. Departing from this figure, the paper explores how an algorithmic system, designed to 'take on' the role of a physiotherapist in physical rehabilitation programmes in Denmark, was designed and made to work in practice. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork, it is demonstrated that the algorithmic system is a fragile accomplishment and outcome of negotiations between the imaginaries embedded in its design and the ongoing adjustments of IT workers, patients and professionals. Drawing on recent work on the fragility and incompleteness of algorithms, it is suggested that the algorithmic system needs to be creatively 'repaired' to build and maintain enabling connections between bodies in‐motion and professionals in arrangements of care. The paper concludes by addressing accountability for the workings of algorithmic systems in medical practice, suggesting that such questions must also be discussed in relation to encounters between algorithmic imaginaries, health professionals and patients, and the various forms of 'repair work' needed to enable algorithmic systems to work in practice. Such acts of accountability cannot be understood within an ethics of transparency, but are better thought of as an ethics of 'response‐ability', given the need to intervene and engage with the open‐ended outcomes of algorithmic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Neolithic flint mines across northern Europe during the transition between the fifth and fourth millennia BC show similarities in their dating, extraction methods and morphology, as do contemporary forms of monumentality such as causewayed enclosures, earthen long barrows and megalithic tombs during this period. Recent research has identified further similarities in the expressions of art motifs within the mines. While certainly found during different excavations, most of these motifs incised in chalk have not been reported on. Following archival analysis, this paper details these similarities in motifs that extend between sites in the UK, Denmark, Belgium and potentially Poland, and perhaps increasingly over time to other, non‐mining, sites. We argue that the practice of flint mining and incising of art motifs may indicate shared specific cultural beliefs at the beginning of the Neolithic in northern Europe that have not been previously recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although minority coalition has become a relatively frequent form of governance, it is often considered politically ineffective in policy making. To obtain sufficient support in parliament, government bills must go through the scrutiny activities initiated by coalition partners and overcome the concerns of external support parties in opposition. By examining parliamentary scrutiny on government bills, this paper explains the surprising policy‐making effectiveness in minority coalition governments. Specifically, we argue and show that different patterns of portfolio allocation with the specific ideological locations of the ministerial office‐holder, the coalition partner and the external supporter, structure the extent to which government bills are scrutinized in parliament, and therefore, the effectiveness of the minority coalition on managing and implementing policies. We empirically examine bills initiated by 256 ministries in 13 Danish minority coalitions between 1985 and 2015, and we reveal robust evidence that corroborates our argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The optimal management of a polyp cancer that has been removed endoscopically is unclear. Further local excision is often advocated to remove the polyp stalk or scar or to ensure clear margins, but the benefit of this is unclear. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the indications for further local excision can be better defined. Method: Data were collected from two institutions (in UK and Denmark) which maintain prospective databases to collect information on all patients undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). The study group was all patients who had a TEM after macroscopically complete polypectomy for rectal cancer. Data covering an 11‐year period were analysed. RESULTS: Sixty three patients had TEM with no residual cancer after macroscopically complete polypectomy. Residual adenoma was found in 23 (37%). A postpolypectomy endoscopy had not detected the residual adenoma in three. Malignant local recurrence occurred in five patients (8%) and distant metastases in another two (3%). Recurrence occurred in 4/23 (17%) when there was residual adenoma in the TEM specimen and in 3/40 (7.5%) where there was scar only, although this did not reach significance. In two instances recurrence was around 10 years after TEM. Those with residual adenoma at TEM tended to have poorer survival. Conclusion: Further local excision often reveals no residual cancer despite microscopically involved polypectomy margins. Careful endoscopy is required to assess the polypectomy site as residual tumour can be missed. In the absence of residual adenoma, TEM does not appear to be of benefit, although a small risk of recurrence exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists the papers used for the completion of the thesis on contact allergy to perfumes in Denmark. Changes in pattern of sensitization; Patch test with markers of fragrance contact allergy; Time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals.

Question: Reed beds, dominated by common reed (Phragmites australis), have high ecological value. Several studies have examined the differences between managed and unmanaged reed beds without taking into account the time passed since the last management. In this paper, we seek to answer the question: how does the time passed since last management and the management method itself affect the plant community and the habitat structure of reed beds? Location: "De Østlige Vejler," Northern Jutland, Denmark. Methods: We examined four reed bed treatments — beds either cut or harvested during the year of the study (0‐year‐old reed beds) and reed beds harvested 3 and 25 years ago, respectively. The reed bed plant communities and the reed bed habitat structure were determined in May and August. We tested the data for overall between‐treatment differences (multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA] and principal components analysis [PCA]) and specific differences in the plant community and habitat structure (Kruskal–Wallis). Results: The plant community differed significantly between the four reed beds according to treatment, and each reed bed exhibited unique species. Species richness was significantly higher in the recently harvested reed beds (0 and 3 years since harvest) compared with the 25‐year‐old reed beds. Harvest sparked reed rejuvenation and increased the growth of new reeds. The 3‐year‐old reed bed had a habitat structure that equally resembled that of the newly harvested (e.g., similar green reed shoot density) and the 25‐year‐old reed beds (e.g., similar height). Cutting, as opposed to harvesting, created a plant community adapted to less light availability. Conclusions: To secure most plant species and most variation in habitat structure, reed beds should contain a mosaic of differently aged and differently managed patches. Previous studies have disagreed on the effect of management on plant species diversity, which could be explained either by different reed bed age or different sampling periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of past coastline dynamics and their consequences for prehistoric societies living in the glacio‐isostatically uplifted central Limfjord area, northern Denmark. The consequences of the gradual relative sea level (RSL) changes have been investigated to develop a local RSL curve, study settlement patterns on newly exposed marine foreland, and estimate changes in the area and quality of grazing and forage for livestock. This was achieved by a multidisciplinary approach involving existing regional and local beach ridges dated by optically stimulated luminescence, a comprehensive database of archaeological finds, and extrapolation based on a digital elevation model. The beach‐ridge dates suggested a near‐linear local RSL change in the study area of ~1.2±0.2 m per 1000 years for the last 3000 years. Based on this, a palaeo‐coastline development model was produced that correlated well with a comprehensive database of archaeological finds. The model indicates that (i) few human settlements moved to the newly exposed marine foreland prior to modern times, though clusters of burial mounds (barrows) suggest that some of the new lands were colonized during the Late Roman Iron Age until 400 CE, (ii) winter‐flooded marine foreland with high‐quality livestock grazing increased steadily until c. 750 CE and then remained stable at approximately 150 km2, and (iii) due to high salinity of the inundating water, the palaeo‐Limfjord probably had Wadden Sea‐like fertile saltmarshes until c. 1 CE. The improved chronologies yield a better understanding of the spatial and temporal prehistoric human–nature interactions in the study area. The findings highlight the need for accurate local RSL curves in order to interpret concomitant terrestrial environment drivers and trajectories, and thereby understand causal relationships and consequences for prehistoric human–environment interactions in coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regular moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with improved mental health, but the evidence for the effect of reducing sedentary behavior (SB) or increasing light PA (LPA) in older adults is lacking. Using isotemporal substitution (IS) models, the aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of substituting SB with LPA or MVPA on associations with mental health in older adults. Methods: Data from 1360 older adults (mean age 75.18 years) in four countries were utilized. PA and SB was measured using ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT + accelerometers worn for 7 days. Self‐rated mental health was measured using the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). IS models estimated cross‐sectional associations when 30 minutes of one behavior was substituted with another. Models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, and educational attainment. Results: Substituting 30 minutes of SB with LPA (β −.37; 95% CI −0.42, −0.32) or MVPA (β −.14; 95% CI −0.21, −0.07) and substituting LPA with MVPA (β −.11; 95% CI −0.18, −0.04) were associated with improvements in anxiety. However, substituting 30 minutes of SB with LPA (β.55; 95% CI 0.49, 0.62) was associated with increased depression. Conclusion: Replacing 30 minutes of SB with LPA or MVPA was associated with improved anxiety symptoms in older adults. Greater benefits were observed when shifting SB and LPA to MVPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Induction of labor (IOL) is used to improve the outcome of pregnancy for mother and child. Since 2013, oral misoprostol has been used for IOL at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The purpose of the present paper is to describe our experience of the use of a new, 25-µg misoprostol tablet commercially manufactured for the purpose of IOL regarding efficacy and outcome for mother and neonate in both an inpatient and an outpatient regimen.Material and Methods: We performed an audit from 1 April 2016, including data on all IOL in women with singleton pregnancies until 1000 consecutive women were registered. Data from 976 consecutive women with gestational age ≥37+0  weeks induced in accordance with the "Aarhus protocol" were included in the present analyses. All inductions were by oral misoprostol. Outpatient induction is standard procedure in low-risk pregnancies, that is, pregnancies with a healthy mother and no signs of placental insufficiency. In the outpatient IOL, the first dose of misoprostol is administered after a normal cardiotocography registration at the hospital. Subsequent doses are taken at home according to a predefined regimen. Following delivery, data on baseline variables and outcome variables for the mother and neonate were retrieved from the medical records.Results: In 71.9% of cases, the women were induced in an outpatient regimen. Delivery within 24 hours was achieved in 38.8% of women (nulliparous 32.3%, multiparous 50.9%) and within 48 hours in 70.1% (nulliparous 66.2%, multiparous 77.2%). Hyperstimulation during induction occurred in 0.6%. The mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal in 75.5% of cases. The cesarean section rate was 14.9% (nulliparous 20.7%, multiparous 4.1%). Apgar <7 at 5 minutes and pH <7.0 in the umbilical artery was seen in 0.9% and 0.7%, respectively.Conclusions: Induction of labor by a commercially produced low-dose (25 µg) misoprostol tablet for oral induction according to the "Aarhus protocol" is feasible in an outpatient as well as an inpatient regimen. Delivery was achieved within 48 hours for 70.1% of women. Few adverse events were seen; however, the audit was underpowered for safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]