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1.1 English Influence of vinegar on biofilm formation in situ Objectives: Vinegar has been recognized as a significantly effective antimicrobial for long. The study intended to elucidate the efficacy of commercially available vinegar (distilled vinegar) on in situ pellicle formation and biofilms. The aim of part one was to investigate the impact of vinegar on formation of the initial pellicle, and part two was to explore the influence from vinegar on mature biofilm and saliva. Materials and Methods: The in situ biofilm formation was performed intraorally over 3 min and 24 h on bovine enamel slabs mounted in individual splints. The enamel slabs were rinsed with vinegar for 5 s and subsequently with water twice for 30 s. Afterwards, the enamel slabs were removed from the splints or kept exposed in the oral cavity for another 30 min or 120 min. Samples with water rinsing instead of vinegar served as controls. In addition, saliva samples were collected in order to investigate the effect of vinegar rinsing on the salivary microflora. After oral exposure, all the samples were analyzed via BacLightTM viability assay (24h biofilm and saliva), SEM (for all biofilm specimens) and TEM (for all biofilm specimens). Results: In part one, vinegar caused destruction of the pellicle as detected by SEM and TEM. Compared to the control group, SEM and TEM analyses showed that vinegar rinsing reduced the outer globular layer of the pellicle (p