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This thesis investigates sexual assaults committed by multiple perpetrators. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on multiple perpetrator rape and demonstrates that it is an international and heterogeneous phenomenon. Chapter 2 cntically examines the existing theories (including the Multi-Factorial Theory of Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Offending) proposed to explain multiple perpetrator rape. Some empirical evidence was found that supports the factors that these theories suggest contribute to this type of sexual offending. In Chapter 3 lone and multiple perpetrator rapes were compared, and simultaneously the effect the number of perpetrators involved in multiple perpetrator rapes has on offence characteristics was examined. Significant differences were found between lone, duo and 3+ groups for offender and offence characteristics. Chapter 4 examined cross-cultural differences between multiple perpetrator rapes committed by juveniles in Portugal and the Netherlands. Few significant differences were found. Chapter 5 analysed the reasons and motivations given by convicted perpetrators of multiple perpetrator rape for participating in the offence. The findings provided support for some of the factors proposed by the Multi-Factorial Theory of Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Offending as playing a role in multiple perpetrator rape. The results of the thesis are discussed in terms of limitations, future research and theoretical and practical implications.