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This thesis sheds light on the piano work of the composer Gino Marinuzzi Jr. (1920-1996), who lived an intense artistic life in Rome. Well known as a teacher of composition, he also became a pioneer in electronic music and a prolific screen music composer. He never dismissed his background as a classical music writer. Today, however, many of Marinuzzi's works are either unpublished, out of print, or in need of correction; equally, his output is only partially recorded. Furthermore, biographical literature surrounding the composer remains incomplete. I address this gap by producing a critical edition of four of his piano works; I then outline my methodological approach and identify the challenges of my research. I also present a short biography of Marinuzzi and a brief account of his works in the context of post-war Italy. Further, I contribute to the dissemination of Marinuzzi's outputs by recording some of his piano works, following an initial release in 2012 of the CD Gino Marinuzzi Piano Works (Tactus). This study will contribute to the understanding of Gino Marinuzzi Jr. and the context of his work. It aims to recognise his role within the history of music, and to identify the importance of his contribution within the development of Italian music after WWII. The outcome of my research represents a sound foundation for further work and could be useful to performers, academics and anyone interested in the culture of post-war Italy.

The complexity of scale interactions, arising from the increasing number of dynamically active flow structures, is a well-known problem for the numerical modelling of high Reynolds number flows. Without doubts, this complexity is the main obstacle to the development of computationally affordable and physically interpretable models of complex flows. This research focuses on the nonlinear energy interactions across modes in reduced order Galerkin models of turbulent flows demonstrating a novel approach to automatically identify relevant interactions. This work is motivated by the key observation that, in the dynamics of high Reynolds number flows, not all the interactions have the same contribution to the energy transfer between flow structures. With the proposed work, we aim to develop a set of techniques to systematically select the dominant interactions in Galerkin models of turbulent flows, therefore identifying dominant triadic interactions. In the present work, two different approaches have been developed. First, a regression-based approach where the relevant interactions are identified a posteriori according to their relative strength. Second, an a priori approach, where a new set of basis functions, encoding the sparsity features of the flow, is generated. The key aspect of the latter approach is that the reduced-order model obtained by Galerkin projection onto the subspace spanned by the basis has sparse matrix coefficients without the need for any a posteriori evaluation. Both approaches have been tested on a set of flow configurations of increasing complexity. Results show that both approaches can identify the subset of dominant interactions preserving their physics throughout the sparsification process. In addition, further analysis showed that the a priori sparsification method preserves better the physics of triadic interactions, resulting in a better long term time stability and, therefore, should be preferred. Looking into the future, to scale up the a priori methodology to a more complex configuration some aspects need to be further investigated such as the role of the initial guess on the uniqueness of the result and its properties.

This PhD focuses on physical theatre techniques and practices in order to provide acting keys for directing ancient drama. More specifically, the work for stage put effort in the acting method, with which the chorus and the main characters can be approached. For that reason, the basic method adopted was that of J. Lecoq, and especially the ‘transference’ practice. Moreover, specific elements were selected from the methods of: the Laboratory theatre of J. Grotowski, the Odin Teatret of E. Barba, and from K. Stanislavski’s practice of physical actions. Elements were also incorporated from modern dance techniques (M.Graham, P. Bausch and R. Laban), as well as from Dramatic play. The first part of the PhD summarizes theoretical aspects on the tragedy’s structure through the written material that has survived from antiquity. The ancient drama history, the history of acting and directing tragedy, as well as other interpreting matters are analyzed. Moreover emphasis has been placed on Euripides’ whole work, on the historical and cultural frame of writing the Bacchae, as well as on ideological aspects and comments on the roles. Finally, material for the most important performances, which took place in Greece, is given. In the second part of the thesis an experiment has been performed between the classic speech of tragedy and contemporary methods of movement and speech. The aim was to investigate how these function together, by applying them on the text of Bacchae. Although the stress on the body pre-existed in acting methods of several directors, the specific method of Physical theatre was applied around 1955 from J. Lecoq. Since in Physical theatre the physical expression is symbolic, non-realistic, with a heightened sense of theatricality, this method can provide to tragedy the suitable acting tools for the big statures of the roles-symbols and for the meaningful movement of the chorus. Physical theatre does not emphasize on the character and his behavioural gestures but on the situations themselves and how the actor undertakes them. Therefore it can complement word-based theatre, which focuses on the acts emerged from the myth and on the creation of mimetic archetypes. In that way, the demonstrated actions and the messages conveyed through them, become essential and represent the collective unconscious. Consequently, if tragedy expresses symbols, emphasizes on the myths’ acts and detaches from realism then it is proved that the method of Physical theatre can be an appropriate method.

There is a constant requirement to understand scour especially regarding its prevention, due to the potential impact and disastrous consequences. The installation of offshore wind turbines is haunted by scour mitigation and at the start of the offshore wind turbine boom in the early 2000’s this was achieved using overzealous amounts of rock armour. However, as investment and cost efficiency has increased, protection methods have been refined, but, there remains significant room for improvement. Research into offshore sediment dynamics has benefited greatly by computational advancements providing a greater understanding of processes and the driving mechanisms; leading to protection method improvements and reductions in environmental impact. The premise of this study is to push this knowledge further, by developing and validating a novel scour model within CFD software that can be used to simulate and analyse offshore scour; specifically, the scour around complex, new offshore wind turbine foundation geometries.

Combustion instability represents a significant problem in the application of low emission lean premixed combustion for gas turbines and has become one of the primary concerns in modern gas turbine industry. Effusion cooling has become common practice in gas turbine combustors and when calibrated, perforated combustor liners are able to attenuate combustion instability within a wide frequency range. However, the acoustic attenuation effect of perforated liner absorbers varies with a considerable number of flow and geometry influencing factors. The traditional approach of designing perforated combustor liners relies heavily on expensive and lengthy trial-and-error experimental practice. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), especially large eddy simulation (LES) method has gained recognition as a viable tool for the simulation of unsteady flows and the phenomenon of combustion instability in gas turbine combustors. However, detailed resolution of the many small scale features, such as effusion cooling holes, is computationally very expensive and restricts the routine simulation of detailed engine geometries. In this thesis, a novel homogenous porous media model is proposed for the simulation of acoustic attenuation effect of gas turbine perforated liners. The model is validated against a number of well-acknowledged experiments and is shown to be able to predict acoustic attenuation properties of gas turbine liners both in the linear and non-linear absorption regimes and also the effect of bias flow, grazing flow and the temperature of flow on the acoustic properties of the liners. The model is applied to a large eddy simulation of a lab-scale premixed combustor "PRECCINSTA" and is demonstrated to successfully represent noise attenuation effects of perforated liner absorbers in both cold flow and reacting flow conditions. This model is able to provide a significant reduction in the overall computational time in comparison to directly resolved geometries, and can be applied as such a viable option for routine engineering simulation of perforated combustor liners.

Three types of experimental studies were done on metallic glass alloys in this PhD project. Firstly, in situ tensile deformation of bulk metallic glass alloy Zr₄₁.₂Ti₁₃.₈Cu₁₂.₅Ni₁₀Be₂₂.₅ (Vit-1), and a bulk metallic glass matrix composite, Zr₃₉.₆Ti₃₃.₉Nb₇.₆Cu₆.₄Be₁₂.₅ (ZrTi composite) were studied using in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). It was found that the initiation and propagation of the shear band can be controlled through introduction of notch-type stress concentrator and allow it to be observed under in situ SEM. Using this technique, the local stresses/strains in front of the shear band can be measured using in situ SXRD that linked the initiation and propagation of shear band directly to the local stress field. In Vit-1 sample, the formation of “step” was first observed between 1703MPa and 1992 MPa under in situ SEM imaging after two opposite propagating shear bands met and formed a crossly joined. This then led to formation of stress concentration area at the crossly joined area and led to another bigger “step”. In ZrTi composite, the plastic deformation in the dendrite was captured by in situ SEM. Moreover, in situ SXRD showed reduced axial strain rate in dendrite and increased axial strain rate in matrix at similar tensile stress. This concluded that load was transferred to matrix when yielding occurred in dendrite. Secondly, in situ high pressure compression studies of a binary metallic glass alloy, Cu₅₀Zr₅₀, and a ternary metallic glass alloy, Fe₆₀Nb₁₅B₂₅ composite was done using Diamond Anvil Cell and SXRD. Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ showed no obvious polyamorphism structural change when pressed until 43.15 GPa but the pair distribution function analysis showed that the 3rd atomic shell started to split into two minor peaks which indicated the atomic coordination number in the 3rd atomic shell start to change. Likewise, Fe₆₀Nb₁₅B₂₅ showed no obvious polyamorphism structural change when pressed until 70.64 GPa but pair distribution function analysis showed that the rate of deformation in 2nd atomic shell become 5 times slower at 35.33 GPa. The difference in atomic size ratio between binary and ternary behaved differently during high pressure compression such that Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ with 30% difference from bigger atom and same atomic concentration of the two elements showed more fluctuation in atom shell movement compared to Fe₆₀Nb₁₅B₂₅ that have 3 different atomic radii with 21% and 56% difference from the bigger atom. The 3rd atomic shell movement fluctuation in Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ might be due to the rearrangement of Cu and Zr to allow further compression. Thirdly, studies were carried out to design, make and characterise a series of new Fe-based bulk metallic glass alloys that can achieve sufficient glass forming ability and neutron absorption capability. After 3 rounds of iterative studies, Fe₄₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Gd₂ (Fe-B₆Gd₂) was successfully developed with high glass forming ability of up to Ø5.8 mm and highest neutron absorption cross section with 73.64 cm-1 at thermal neutron 25.3 meV compared to other existing Fe-based metallic glass.

This research involves study of acoustic propagation of pulse in a simple expansion muffler, which is very often used in HVAC or automotive exhausts. A hybrid pressure-based compressible solver is developed and validated for a low Mach number flow simulation of acoustic pulse. This new solver is developed using C++ based OpenFOAM toolkit and further tested for low Mach number flow test case. The analysis of simple expansion muffler for various structures, frequency ranges and numerical schemes is performed and results are summarized. RANS simulation of duct and muffler with mean flow is conducted and results are presented with inherent limitations associated with the method. Further, a mixed synthetic inflow boundary condition is also developed and validated for LES of channel flow. The mixed synthetic boundary is then used for LES of a simple expansion muffler to analyse the flow-acoustic and acoustic-pulse interactions inside the expansion muffler. The improvement in the prediction of tonal noise and vortex shedding inside the chamber is highlighted in comparison to the RANS method. Further, the effect of forced pulsation on flow-acoustic is observed in regard to the shift in Strouhal number inside the simple expansion muffler. Finally, a set of benchmark results for experimental analysis of the simple expansion muffler both, with and without flow is obtained to compare attenuation in forced pulsation for various mean-flow velocities. These experimental results are then used for validation of the proposed pressure-based compressible solver.

This study investigates visibility in a smoke laden environment. For many years, researchers and engineers in fire safety have criticized the inadequacy of existing theory in describing the effects such as colour, viewing angle, environmental lighting etc. on the visibility of an emergency sign. In the current study, the author has raised the fundamental question on the concept of visibility and how it should be measured in fire safety engineering and tried to address the problem by redefining visibility based on the perceived image of a target sign. New algorithms have been created during this study to utilise modern hardware and software technology in the simulation of human perceived image of object in both experiment and computer modelling. Unlike the traditional threshold of visual distance, visibility in the current study has been defined as a continuous function changing from clearly discemable to completely invisible. It allows the comparison of visibility under various conditions, not just limited to the threshold. Current experiment has revealed that different conditions may results in the same visual threshold but follow very different path on the way leading to the threshold. The new definition of visibility has made the quantification of visibility in the pre-threshold conditions possible. Such quantification can help to improve the performance of fire evacuation since most evacuees will experience the pre-threshold condition. With current measurement of visibility, all the influential factors such as colour, viewing angle etc. can be tested in experiment and simulated in numerical model. Based on the newly introduced definition of visibility, a set of experiments have been carried output in a purposed built smoke tunnel. Digital camera images of various illuminated signs were taken under different illumination, colour and smoke conditions. Using an algorithm developed by the author in this study, the digital camera images were converted into simulated human perceived images. The visibility of a target sign is measured against the quality of its image acquired. Conclusions have been drawn by comparing visibility under different conditions. One of them is that signs illuminated with red and green lights have the similar visibility that is far better than that with blue light. It is the first time this seemingly obvious conclusion has been quantified. In the simulation of visibility in participating media, the author has introduced an algorithm that combines irradiance catching in 3D space with Monte Carlo ray tracing. It can calculate the distribution of scattered radiation with good accuracy without the high cost typically related to zonal method and the limitations in discrete ordinate method. The algorithm has been combined with a two pass solution method to produce high resolution images without introducing excessive number of rays from the light source. The convergence of the iterative solution procedure implemented has been theoretically proven. The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by comparing with the analytical solution of a point radiant source in 3D space. Further validation of the simulation model has been carried out by comparing the model prediction with the data from the smoke tunnel experiments. The output of the simulation model has been presented in the form of an innovative floor map of visibility (FMV). It helps the fire safety designer to identify regions of poor visibility in a glance and will prove to be a very useful tool in performance based fire safety design.

A parallel CFD code to solve incompressible fluid flow on unstructured Cartesian meshes has been developed almost from ground up. Turbulence statistics have been computed using the Large Eddy Simulation technique. The new code was subjected to some validation where results are compared to available reference data. An analysis on the iteration and discretisation errors was carried out. This code was then applied to predict the lid driven cubical cavity flow in at a bulk Reynolds number of 10,000. Three different mesh sizes were used to investigate independence of results on grid size. Amongst others, turbulence statistics were checked against Kolmogorov -5/3 law. A detailed study of synthetic turbulence methods was carried out and applied to the prediction of flow in a duct with square cross section using an inlet and outflow boundaries. Three different turbulence generation methods were investigated namely the artificial turbulence generation method, random perturbation method and a novel hybrid particle-wave method also termed as the enhanced vortex particle method in this study. The mean and instantaneous field variables together with the turbulence statistics from each method were compared and analysed. Finally, the code was used to solve turbulent flow over arrays of wall-mounted obstacles with mesh densities comparable to previous studies. The velocity profiles and vector fields at various locations in the domain were compared to data obtained from recent LES simulations. The artificial turbulence generation case was applied for the first time to produce turbulence at the inlet. The turbulence kinetic energy spectrum distribution agrees well with reference data. Important findings from this study are clarified and some suggestions for future work are given in the conclusions section.

The extensive use of air conditioning for indoor cooling in offices and large commercial buildings in Kuwait represents a major part of the power and electricity consumption in that country. The main objective of this research was to investigate ice and chilled water cool thermal storage technologies and operating strategies for air conditioning. This was motivated by the extreme climatic conditions in Kuwait and the necessity to reduce both maximum power demand and energy consumption whilst being economically feasible. This work represents the first such study undertaken. In Kuwait approximately 45% of the total annual exported electrical energy is consumed solely by air conditioning systems as a result of the very high ambient temperatures occurring between March and October. Furthermore, it was estimated air conditioning systems represent about 62% of the peak electrical load. To assess the potential of cool thermal storage, the air conditioning system for an existing clinic building, representing a typical medium size building in Kuwait, was designed with and without a cool thermal storage system. The results demonstrate that internal ice-on-coil and chilled water storage systems are suitable storage technologies that can be implemented in Kuwait. The cooling demand of the clinic building was first estimated using the ESP-r building energy simulation program, following which the different components in the air conditioning systems were sized including chiller, storage tanks, pumps, air handling units for conventional, ice and chilled water storage air conditioning systems operating with load levelling, 50% demand limiting and full storage strategies. The heat gains by different auxiliary components in the air conditioning systems were estimated and the final cooling demand profiles were developed. For each air conditioning design, the power and energy consumption for the design day condition and over the whole year were calculated and analysed. Furthermore, the life cycle costs were determined based on the estimated capital, maintenance, operating costs and a financial analysis was carried out. For the Kuwaiti climate, the results demonstrate ice and chilled water storage systems can reduced the maximum power consumption during the day time when the electricity demand is high and largest reduction in the maximum power achieved full storage strategy. However, the energy consumption of ice storage system operating with 50% demand limiting and full strategies were found were found to be higher than the conventional air conditioning system. Nevertheless, the energy consumption in the ice storage system with a load levelling operating strategy was slightly lower. Chilled water storage system was found to be unlike ice storage system, the energy consumption in all operating strategies improved over the conventional system. Based on the estimated life cycle cost using the actual operating costs for both the government and user, it was established that for the government, ice storage operating with load levelling strategy and all other strategies of the chilled water storage systems would be more economical than conventional systems. However, for the user, load levelling ice storage, load levelling chilled water storage, and 50% demand limiting chilled water storage systems would be more cost effective. Out of all alternatives, chilled water storage system with a load levelling strategy was found to be the most cost effective for the climate of Kuwait and for similar climates of Kuwait. Although, the outcome from this research work can not be generalised however, the method of sizing and energy and economic analysis, which was discussed in this thesis can be generalised and followed to evaluate the impact of cool thermal storage systems on energy performance and economy of the air conditioning systems.

A 3D parallel CFD code is written to investigate the characteristics of and differences between Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models in the context of simulating a thermal buoyant plume. An efficient multigrid scheme is incorporated to solve the Poisson equation, resulting from the fractional step, projection method used to solve the Low Mach Number (LMN) Navier-Stokes equations. A wide range of LES models are implemented, including a variety of eddy models, structure models, mixed models and dynamic models, for both the momentum stresses and the temperature fluxes. Generalised gradient flux models are adapted from their RANS counterparts, and also tested. A number of characteristics are observed in the LES models relating to the thermal plume simulation in particular and turbulence in general. Effects on transition, dissipation, backscatter, equation balances, intermittency and energy spectra are all considered, as are the impact of the governing equations, the discretisation scheme, and the effect of grid coarsening. Also characteristics to particular models are considered, including the subgrid kinetic energy for the one-equation models, and constant histories for dynamic models. The argument that choice of LES model is unimportant is shown to be incorrect as a general statement, and a recommendation for when the models are best used is given.

The need to meet ever more stringent emission regulations and the desire to improve fuel economy has led to the significant development of the gasoline spark ignition combustion engine in recent years. One area of development has been mixture preparation, and PH (Port Fuel Injection) has been introduced to increase engine responsiveness whilst meeting emission regulations. Successful PH designs however depend upon good targeting of the fuel spray onto the back of the intake valve. Geometric predictions based on injector axis and spray bone angles have been used in the past, but require development to account for the momentum exchange between the spray and the charge air. Alternatively CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) can be used. In this study a validated methodology has been successfully developed using the commercial CFD code Fluent5.5, to simulate the spray behaviour from a multi-hole port fuel injector. The approach taken ignored the primary and secondary atomisation phases, and instead droplets were injected at the injector tip position. The droplets velocity and size were then tuned until the predicted spray profile matched the measurement data at 60rnm and 90mm downstream of the injector tip. Having developed a tuned injector model, CFD simulations assessing the injector targeting performance of the Jaguar AJV8 engine were then undertaken. Based upon these assessments some suggestions to improve the engine's injector targeting performance were made. Before this methodology could be developed, a series' of experiments were necessary to characterise a state of the art port fuel injector. A combination of Planar Mie and PDA laser techniques, were used to measure how the spray behaved under different operating and atmospheric conditions. As well as providing spray boundary and validation data, an in depth understanding of the spray structure was gained for both pulsed and continuous injector operations.

The aim of this research is to develop an optimisation tool to support the preliminary design of gas turbine combustors by providing a partial automation of the design process. This tool is to enable better design to be obtained faster, providing a reduction in the development costs and time to market of new engines. The first phase of this work involved the analysis of the combustor design process with the aim of identifying the critical tasks that are suitable for being automated and most importantly identifying the key parameters describing the performance of a combustor. During the second phase of this work an adequate design methodology for this problem was defined. This led to the development of a design optimisation Toolbox based on genetic algorithms, containing the tools required for it's proper integration into the combustor preliminary design environment. For the development of this Toolbox, extensive work was performed on genetic algorithms and derived techniques in order to provide the most efficient and robust optimisation method possible. The optimisation capability of the Toolbox was first validated and metered on analytical problems of known solution, where it demonstrated excellent optimisation performance especially for higher-dimensional problems. In a second step of the testing and validation process the combustor design capability of the Toolbox was demonstrated by applying it to diverse combustor design test cases. There the Toolbox demonstrated its capacity to achieve the required performance targets and to successfully optimise some key combustor parameters such as liner wall cooling flow and NOx emissions. In addition, the Toolbox demonstrated its ability to be applied to different types of engineering problems such as wing profile optimisation.

Turbulent buoyant jets are a major feature in fire hazards. The solution of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques allow such flows to be simulated. The use of Reynolds averaging requires an empirical model to close the set of equations, this is known as the turbulence model. This thesis undertakes to investigate linear and nonlinear approaches to turbulence modelling and to apply the knowledge gained to the simulation of compartment fires. The principle contribution of this work is the reanalysis of the standard k- ε turbulence model and the implementation and application of more sophisticated models as applied to thermal plumes. Validation in this work, of the standard k- ε model against the most recent experimental data, counters the established view that the model is inadequate for the simulation of buoyant flows. Examination of previous experimental data suggests that the measurements were not taken in the self-similar region resulting in misleading comparisons with published numerical solutions. This is a significant conclusion that impacts of the general approach taken to modelling turbulence in this field. A number of methods for modelling the Reynolds stresses and the turbulent scalar fluxes have been considered and, in some cases for the first time, are applied to nonisothermal flows. The relative influence of each model has been assessed enabling its performance to be gauged. The results from this have made a valuable contribution to the knowledge in the field and have enabled the acquired experience to be applied to the simulation of compartment fires. The overall conclusion drawn from this thesis is that for the simulation of compartment fires, the most appropriate approach with current computational resources, is still the buoyancy corrected standard k- ε model. However, the turbulence scalar flux should be modelled by the generalised gradient diffusion hypothesis (GGDH) rather than the eddy-diffusivity assumption.

Two-phase flows are involved in many industrial and natural flow phenomena varying from as specific as the transport of crude oil in pipelines to as general as the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Numerical modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers from a wide range of backgrounds over recent decades during which these models have been extensively developed, analysed and applied to many practical applications. Wind blown particles such as sand or snow and their resulting accumulation around buildings, roads, oil field installations and security fences causes severe structural and design problems. These are traditionally addressed based on previous experience, full-scale field investigation or using scale model wind tunnel experiments, all of which incur high cost. In this study, wind blown particles are considered as a two-phase flow system. A finite volume based CFD code is developed using two-phase flow theory and is employed to numerically simulate the drifting of sand and snow around obstacles of different geometry. The model solves the governing transport equations in three dimensional space. Three different approaches are investigated to represent and solve the secondary flow phase, particles, within the flow field; a particle tracking model, based on a Lagrangian reference frame and the homogenous and the mixture models, based on an Eulerian reference frame. The capabilities and limitations of each of these models are investigated for flow fields involving drifting particles around obstacles of different geometry. Particles transported by wind both in suspension and saltation are modelled based on the physical characteristic and the threshold condition of the particle. Their effect on the flow field is incorporated through separate source terms contributing to the particle transport equation. The Eulerian based models are coupled with the Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation (FAVOR) as a mean of representing the solid boundary formed by deposited particles separating the flow field from the accumulation zones. The FAVOR treatment allows the flow field to respond to the changes in the geometry of the deposition regions and further calculations take into account the erosion and deposition processes that have previously occurred. The model can be calibrated to match specific flow conditions through several controlling parameters. These controlling parameters are identified and analysed for four distinct case studies. Model results are compared with field and wind tunnel observations available in the literature and with field measurements conducted as a part of this study in the desert of the State of Kuwait. Qualitatively good agreement between the model and the observations is obtained in two as well as three dimensions. Although the mixture and particle tracking models show the potential capability to simulate such flow systems, the homogenous model is found to be the most appropriate model due to its relative simplicity compared to the mixture model and its lower computational cost compared to the Lagrangian particle-tracking model. In conclusion, a practical CFD tool has been developed and validated, incorporating novel physical and numerical models. The tool can be utilised by scientists and engineers to further understand the real world problem of drifting sand and snow in urban and industrial environments.

Gas turbine combustor design represents an ambitious task in numerical and experimental analysis. A significant number of competing criteria must be optimised within specified constraints in order to satisfy legislative and performance requirements. Currently, preliminary combustor flow and heat transfer design procedures, which by necessity involve semi-empirical models, are often restricted in their range of application. The objective of this work is the development of a versatile design tool able to model all conceivable gas turbine combustor types. A network approach provides the foundation for a complete flow and heat transfer analysis to meet this goal. The network method divides the combustor into a number of independent interconnected sub-flows. A pressure-correction methodology solves the continuity equation and a pressure-drop/flow-rate relationship. A constrained equilibrium calculation, incorporating mixing and recirculation models, simulates the combustion process. The new procedures are validated against numerical and experimental data within three annular combustors and one reverse flow combustor. A full conjugate heat transfer model is developed to allow the calculation of liner wall temperature characteristics. The effects of conduction, convection and radiation are included in the model. Film cooling and liner heat pick-up effects are included in the convection calculation. Radiation represents the most difficult mode of heat transfer to simulate in the combustion environment. A discrete transfer radiation model is developed and validated for use within the network solver. The effects of soot concentration on radiation is evaluated with the introduction of radial properties profiles. The accuracy of the heat transfer models are evaluated with comparisons to experimental thermal paint temperature data on a reverse flow and annular combustors. The resulting network analysis code represents a powerful design tool for the combustion engineer incoporating a novel and unique strategy.