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The laser flash photolysis – laser-induced fluorescence technique has been used to study the reaction kinetics of several potential biofuel ethers under low temperature combustion conditions, in order to extend the understanding of the reactions that occur in novel combustion engines. Biofuels offer a potentially carbon-neutral energy source that could contribute to climate change mitigation, and commercial interest has been given to the ether family of compounds, which display desirable fuel characteristics such as high energy densities and favourable ignition properties. Chapter 3 presents a study of the reaction between the OH radical and trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF), diethyl- (DEE), di-n-butyl- (DBE), methyl tert-butyl- (MTBE), and dimethyl ether (DME), from 298 – 744 K in 13 – 190 Torr of nitrogen. This constitutes the first temperature-dependent study of OH + trimethyl orthoformate, and a significant extension of the temperature range of previous studies on the OH + di-n-butyl ether and OH + diethyl ether reactions. The temperature dependences of the rate coefficients for OH + ether (all in units of cm3 molecule–1 s–1) can be parameterised by: kOH+TMOF(298–744 K) = (8.0 ± 12.2) × 10–13 [(T/298)(2.6±1.2) + (T/298)(–8.1±4.6)] × e(2.7±3.9)/RT, kOH+DEE(298–727 K) = (1.28 ± 0.21) × 10–11 × e(–0.11±0.59)/RT, kOH+DBE(298–732 K) = (3.05 ± 7.13) × 10–12 (T/298)1.3±1.6 × e(6.4±5.8)/RT, kOH+MTBE(298–680 K) = (9.8 ± 21.6) × 10–13 (T/298)2.7±1.5 × e(2.5±5.6)/RT, and kOH+DME(298–656 K) = (1.22 ± 2.83) × 10–15 (T/298)6.9±0.5 × e(19.1±3.8)/RT. Chapter 4 presents a technique for determining R + O2 rate coefficients and OH yields by the observation of OH regeneration from chemical activation. This technique was verified using the CH3OCH2 + O2 reaction in the dimethyl ether system via comparison with previous measurements, and analyses using numerical integration software determined the optimum experimental conditions for the method. Potentially, this technique can be used to obtain rate parameters important for the combustion modelling of a wide range of potential fuel molecules. Rate coefficients for the system are reported at 291 – 483 K, in 4.1 – 32.6 Torr of nitrogen, and the mean room temperature rate coefficient was determined to be kCH3OCH2+O2 = (0.94 ± 0.04) × 10–11 cm3 molecule–1 s–1, across all pressures explored. Chapter 5 employed the technique described in Chapter 4 to present novel measurements of the C2H5OC2H4 + O2 reaction rate coefficient integral to the low temperature combustion of diethyl ether under experimental conditions of 298 – 464 K, in 5.2 – 28.4 Torr of nitrogen. The mean 298 K rate coefficient was determined to be kC2H5OC2H4+O2 = (3.10 ± 0.55) × 10–11 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. OH yields and rate coefficients were compared to ab initio calculations of the diethyl ether low temperature oxidation surface at the CCSD(T)/Jun-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/Jun-cc-pVTZ level, using master equation methods. The transition state barrier to the OH product was required to be lowered by ~7 kcal mol–1 in order to achieve good agreement between experimental data and theoretical calculations. Chapter 6 reports some initial observations of subsequent OH regeneration following the R + O2 reaction at higher temperatures (~500 K and above), and some interesting unwanted chemistry occurring under high temperature and high O2 conditions. The main recommendations for future work are further explorations of the source of this extraneous chemistry, and development of the data interpretation under such conditions. The investigation of a wide range of fuels’ R + O2 reactions using the method presented in Chapter 4 should also be carried out to improve estimated rates in combustion models.

Ellipsis plays a key role in the understanding of the relationship between what is uttered and what is understood. In elliptical utterances, less is said than is understood. How is it that a mere fragment of a sentence can be understood as something more? This dissertation explores the syntax of one type of elliptical phenomena, Stripping. A speaker, Alexi, might utter (1), to which Tim might reply with a Stripping continuation, as in (1a). Tim's reply, apparently just a "no" along with a single word correction, is nonetheless understood as if it were a complete sentence, that in (1b). Does this interpretation arise as a result of some process which does not rely on syntactic structure within the ellipsis site, or is there hidden syntactic structure associated with the remnant "Ardbeg"? (1) Alexi: James likes "Glenlivet". 1a. Tim: No, "Ardbeg". 1b. Tim: No, James likes "Ardbeg".. I argue in this dissertation that Stripping remnants are indeed associated with silent syntactic structure, and that this structure is "isomorphic" to the structure associated with the antecedent. Evidence for this analysis comes from two empirical domains: Islands and Binding Condition C Effects. In Chapter 2, I present the results of four large scale acceptability judgment experiments which reveal that Stripping is insensitive to island constraints. That is, examples like (2b) are grammatical, contrary to various claims in the literature. I argue in this dissertation that Stripping remnants are indeed associated with silent syntactic structure, and that this structure is isomorphic to the structure associated with the antecedent. Evidence for this analysis comes from two empirical domains: Islands and Binding Condition C Effects. In Chapter 2, I present the results of four large scale acceptability judgment experiments which reveal that Stripping is insensitive to island constraints. That is, examples like (2b) are grammatical, contrary to various claims in the literature. 2a. Tim met [subscript island] the researcher who likes "Glenlivet"]. 2b. No, "Ardbeg". The acceptability of these examples leads us to examine just how much structure is contained within the ellipsis site, if any. If there is no structure within the ellipsis site (3a), or if the structure is non-isomorphic to the antecedent (3b), we would expect such examples to be acceptable, as they contain no island. If the ellipsis site contains structure isormorphic to the antecedent, such examples would only be expected to be acceptable if it were possible to repair island constraints through ellipsis. 3a. No, "Ardbeg". 3b. No, "Ardbeg" it was e [line through it was e.] 3c. No, "Ardbeg" Tim met [subscript island] the researcher who likes e [line through Tim met [subscript island] the researcher who likes e]. These three approaches are evaluated in Chapter 3 on the basis of two large scale plausibility judgment experiments. These experiments concern examples like (4), which were found to be as implausible under the given indexations as typical Binding Condition C violations. This is to be expected only there is structure within the ellipsis that contains material isomorphic to the antecedent, including the island and material outside it. If the ellipsis site contains no hidden material (4a), or some non-isomorphic material (4b), the pronoun of the antecedent would not be recovered within the ellipsis site. If the full isomorphic structure were recovered, that pronoun would appear within the ellipsis site, yielding a Binding Condition C violation. The implausibility of (4) reflects this violation. 4 a. He[subscript i] met the researcher who likes Mary. 4b. *No, James[subscript i].. 5a. No, "James[subscript i.] 5b. No, James [subscript i] it was e [line through it was e.] 5c. No, "James [subscript i] he[subscript i] met [[subscript island] the researcher who likes e [line through [subscript island] the researcher who likes e]. In Chapter 4, I argue that the sum of this evidence implicates that, even in instances of island-violating Stripping, the ellipsis site contains isomorphic structure. In turn, I argue that various alternative mechanisms by which the remnant might escape the ellipsis site, without also incurring an island violation, are inadequate, and instead argue that the remnant overtly moves out of the island to escape the ellipsis site. The ill-effects of this island-violating movement, I argue, take the form of an unlinearizable structure, a structure, and the violation associated with it, which is subsequently elided. Thus, the island insensitivity of Stripping is due to island repair. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Drawing on empirical research material from a Public Sector Service Organisation and secondary literature, this thesis explores the processes that produce, protect and facilitate the migration of hegemony in organisations. The purpose of the thesis is to contribute to the body of theory that describes and explains hegemonic processes. This thesis draws in particular on the theory of hegemony developed by Gramsci (1971) who is a common source that researchers of hegemony use. Gramsci proposed a three-dimensional model of hegemony, which contrasts with much of the Organisation and Management Studies literature in which hegemony is sometimes understood as a one-dimensional concept; as a form of socio-ideological control. This thesis seeks to make a contribution to the Organisation and Management Studies literature by synthesising the broader Gramscian conception with aspects of other applicable theories (Opler, 1945; Goffman, 1959; Blumer, 1969, Spradley, 1980; Bourdieu, 1991; and Hum phreys and Brown, 2002) and the constructs that emerge from empirical analysis, thereby developing a more encompassing explanatory model of the operation of hegemony in organisations. The findings of this research concur with Gramsci's conceptualisation of hegemony as a three-dimensional phenomenon: (1) a form of power; (2) as a dimension of social construction processes; and (3) as a theory of social change. Whilst Gramsci's model is intended to operate at the macro level of societal processes; it is not itself sufficient to explain the micro processes of hegemony. The Gramscian model will be supplemented using concepts derived from grounded theorising, informed by a literature review, on the basis of empirical research at the micro level of interaction within an organisational setting. This thesis develops and illustrates the application of a composite model through an ethnographic study which traces hegemonic practices as they impact on identities and perceived realities in the workplace. The emergent model seeks to explain, at the micro level of analysis, how hegemony is produced, migrates, and is protected within organisations.

The increasing sophistication of the magneto-fluid equations permits their application to a wide variety of physical problems in thermonuclear fusion research, in astrophysics and in geophysics. The equations are in general non-linear, and of mixed hyperbolic, parabolic and ordinary differential type, and are frequently supplemented by elliptic equations, and for their full elucidation, they must clearly be studied numerically. While one-dimensional calculations have successfully been applied for a number of years, severe difficulties have limited the extension to multi-dimensional problems. In this thesis the fully ionised magnetohydrodynamic equations have been studied numerically in the R-Z plane, and the difficulties of such an approach are analysed. For many problems explicit methods may be adapted, and it is shown that a sophisticated fluid model can readily be solved on existing machines. The problems posed particularly, by the advection of fluid variables on a general Eulerian mesh without corrupting physical diffusion, by large variations in the Alfven velocity, and by the necessity of solving elliptic equations at each timestep are overcome. Two physical and contrasting problems are considered. The first problem and main application of the work has been to the study of the dense plasma focus - a non-cylindrical z-pinch phenomenon where the magnetic field is restricted to the azimuthal direction, so that the space remains iso-tropic. The plasma is described by six conservation equations for the density (p), momentum (pv), magnetic flux (Be), electron and ion pressure. Transport processes include electron and ion heat conduction, the resistive and Hall electric fields and ion viscosity. Cyclotron orbiting effects for both electrons and ions are included so that a mixed collision-less, collision-dominated regime is permitted. Good agreement with the limited experimental knowledge of the plasma focus has been obtained. The dynamics of the shock formation of the plasma focus and particularly the axisymmetric nature of the shock are well described. The extremely high kinetic energy densities obtained in the numerical fluid experiment as the result of adiabatic compression and viscous heating agree well with experiment. Three features in the plasma focus are isolated: an anode cold source; a hot pinch region; and an axial shock. The 'anomalously' long lifetime of the plasma focus is shown to be the result of axial flow, with stabilisation of magnetohydro-dynamic modes through the ion stress tensor in the intermediate collision-less, collision-dominated regime. Estimates of the neutron yield based on the numerical fluid experiment concur with experimental yields, and are the result of thermally reacting deuterons in the hot pinch region. The plasma parameters of interest determined from the hot pinch region suggest that the ion distribution function will not have a simple Maxwellian form and this in particular may account for the discrepancy with experiment on the anisotropy in space of the neutron yield.

Presents the thesis "The Substance And Scope Of Johannine Christology," which was submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School at Bob Jones University. Christ and the glory of God; Semitic concept of son; Christ the Lamb; Christ the Bread of Life.

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration have convened a series of meetings to create a voluntary code of conduct for the commercial use of facial recognition technology. This research asks and answers three questions related to the creation of the voluntary code of conduct: 1) How is the regulatory regime of FRT emerging in the U.S.? 2) What are the roles of the various stakeholders in shaping the commercial regulation of FRT? 3) How does FRT challenge our current conceptions of privacy? Data has been gathered to answer these questions using participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed via mediated discourse analysis. Findings of the research include: the highly sensitive nature of the biometric data that facial recognition technology collects, the data’s ability to be linked across multiple databases, the surreptitious way the data can be collected, the potential chilling effect the technology can have on the First Amendment, and the various threats the technology poses to privacy. Keywords: Privacy, Facial Recognition Technology, Multistakeholder, and Biometric Data

Concertino for Tuba, Winds, and Percussion is a work for solo tuba and an ensemble consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, bass clarinet, bassoon, four horns, two trumpets, two trombones, bass trombone, and three percussionists. The percussionists play small, medium, and large suspended cymbals, triangle, tam tam, metal wind chimes, five tom toms, snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, two sets of two timbales, five temple blocks, maracas, glockenspiel, vibraphone, chimes, xylophone, marimba, and five timpani. The three movements of the work follow the arrangement of the standard concerto format (fast-slow-fast). The lengths of the movements are approximately four minutes and fifteen seconds, two minutes and twenty-five seconds, and four minutes and ten seconds respectively. The total duration of Concertino is about eleven minutes.

, no. 899. 158p.

One of the main objectives of this work was to investigate the applicability and accuracy of artificial neural networks for estimating special core analysis (SCAL) parameters from minimal core training data and wireline logs. The SCAL data was obtained from measurements on core plugs undertaken at the Libyan Petroleum Institute (L.P.I). Previous neural network studies have attempted to predict routine core analysis parameters, such as permeability, but not SCAL parameters such as true formation resistivity (Rt), resistivity index (RI), water saturation (Sw), saturation exponent (n) and Amott-Harvey Wettability Index (IA/H). Different combinations of wireline logs were used to train a variety of neural network predictors. Some of the predictors were trained using a large dataset from the entire cored interval of the training well. Other genetically focused neural network (GFNN) predictors were trained just from one short representative genetic unit (RGU) in the training well. The predictors were then tested in an adjacent well in the same oil field and also in another well in a different oil field. Significantly the performance of the GFNN predictors was as good (and in most cases better) than the predictors trained on the much larger dataset. This demonstrated the useful of the GFNN approach, which is very cost effective in terms of the minimal core that is required, and the reduced computer processing time. Moreover, this is the first time that these GFNN predictors have been used to predict SCAL parameters in the studied area, the Nubian Sandstone Formation in North Africa. These neural network predictors are particularly useful in this area due to the limited amount of SCAL data that is currently available. Quantitative statistical measures of heterogeneity were also examined on the reservoir samples, followed by a comparative analysis of hydraulic units (HUs) with a newer approach of global hydraulic elements (GHEs) to characterize the reservoir units in the studied area. The GHEs were then applied to select minimal representative core training data to train the genetically focused neural networks (GFNNs) to predict the SCAL parameters. The thesis also describes the factors affecting SCAL resistivity parameters. Laboratory measurements on the Nubian Sandstone reservoir rock samples showed changes in the formation resistivity factor (F) and cementation exponent (m) between ambient conditions and at overburden pressures. Changes were also observed in the saturation exponent (n) before and after wettability measurement. The experimental results also showed that there was a good relation between resistivity and the type of pore system which is consistent with study result from Swanson (1985) confirming earlier work.

Magnetic techniques have so far been under exploited in the petroleum industry. Recently scientists have published some results on laboratory based magnetic susceptibility data for reservoir rock minerals which show strong correlations with key petrophysical parameters including permeability. However, such laboratory based experiments are not representative of in-situ reservoir conditions. Part of this thesis investigates the in-situ magnetic properties of reservoir rocks and minerals at reservoir temperatures via laboratory experiments to model downhole conditions. The shapes of hysteresis curves at various temperatures and the shapes of temperature dependent susceptibility (TDS) curves for individual minerals (paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic) were used to identify the type of magnetic minerals present, their concentrations, phase transitions and changes in mineralogy. For paramagnetic minerals, magnetic susceptibility decreases with an increase in temperature, whereas diamagnetic susceptibility is shown to be independent of temperature. Ferromagnetic substances can show a variety of thermomagnetic changes depending on the type of ferromagnetic minerals present. Changes in the domain state of ferromagnetic carriers with temperature were also observed, which either resulted from the formation of new ferromagnetic components and/or variations in grain size. Theoretical and experimental data on the thermomagnetic properties of reservoir rock minerals are also presented. A downhole sonde capable of taking magnetic susceptibility measurements in-situ downhole has been designed and tested in this thesis. Since the laboratory based methods have demonstrated correlations between the magnetically derived mineral contents and petrophysical parameters, the downhole magnetic susceptibility sonde can potentially provide in-situ predictions of these parameters. Model boreholes were prepared in the laboratory using powder samples and by drilling through solid blocks of rock. Tests were performed on these model boreholes using the magnetic susceptibility sonde.