Search

Important research and other decisions in the field of innovation policy have been influenced, in recent years, by the national systems of innovation framework. Our doctoral research attempts therefore, to contribute to the evaluation of its theoretical basis and its application. Particularly, it sheds some light on the following issues: (1) what is the origin of the framework, its theoretical foundations and particularly how is it related to systems theory and the 'systems approach'? (2) To what extent has this framework been actually applied in policymaking processes, and more precisely, how have different economic theories and rationales been used in the design and implementation of innovation policies? (3) If economic theories and rationales have changed and evolved since the beginning of the conceptualisation and application of science and technology policy, why is it that the specific policy instruments currently used in different countries apparently show very little change with regard to those originally suggested? To answer these questions we have integrated a theoretical framework based on the systems approach and the main economic literature that constitutes the backbone of innovation policy. With this, we have analysed critically the empirical and theoretical 'systemic approaches' of innovation and carried out brief case studies about the actual implementation of these on policy-making practices. Finally, we suggest an alternative way to use the systems approach in the field of innovation studies. This is made through the introduction of the concept of second order systems of innovation -or more precisely industrial sustainability, policies, i.e. by distinguishing between the model that represents economic processes and the model of the measures intended to transform those processes. We argue that our proposal provides a unified framework for innovation policies within which it is possible to explain the coexistence and convergence of orthodox and heterodox economics in policymaking activities. In addition, the recursive nature of the suggested model allows to make sense of the interactions between diverse dimensions and integrate areas of research that were perceived as separated, such as those of national, regional and sectoral systems of innovation. It also implies a shift from the promotion of innovation to the support of a wider range of activities and functions that are essential for industrial competitiveness and growth.

Abstract: A recent in vitro study demonstrated a non invasive method to enhance local deposition in a small airway by controlling the angular position of magnetic high aspect ratio particles. This technique could mitigate the challenge of providing sufficient therapeutic effects when using aerosolized chemotherapy techniques. To highlight the potential of this new magnetic field alignment approach the effect of increasing particle aspect ratio on the deposition efficiency was studied using direct numerical simulations. Simulations were done using an in house finite element algorithm. A steady air flow, typical of tidal breathing, was simulated through a three dimensional physiologically realistic bifurcation representing a single symmetrical bifurcation between generations 14 and 15 in the lung. For two different aspect ratios the deposition efficiency was found for the case of an unconstrained particle and magnetically aligned particle. Results indicate that forcing local alignment of high aspect ratio particles can increase local deposition considerably.