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Aims This thesis primarily focuses on examining the role and mechanisms of psychological or psychosocial interventions in improving quality of life (QoL) for people experiencing psychosis. The systematic review aimed to meta-analyse studies that reported both QoL and psychosis symptom outcomes. This allowed comparison of effect sizes between these separate outcomes, to assess statistically significant differences in these outcomes and mediating effects of the type of intervention. The empirical study sought to examine the feasibility of a novel, six-session 1:1 mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for people experiencing psychosis. This study also aimed to contribute to the growing MBI literature, through examining the feasibility of using multilevel modelling to assess between-session mindfulness practice and metacognitive beliefs as predictors of QoL outcomes of people experiencing psychosis following MBIs. Methods An inclusive systematic review of the literature was conducted to include any study providing pre-post comparison data for psychological or psychosocial interventions for people experiencing psychosis, utilising both QoL and psychosis symptom outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted on overall outcomes for QoL, and total, positive, and negative psychosis symptoms. Subgroup analyses examined psychological and psychosocial interventions separately, while assessing potential moderation of intervention type (e.g., MBIs). The empirical study assessed feasibility utilising a case series design. Participants were offered six, 60-minute sessions of 1:1 MBI. Multilevel modelling was applied to QoL and general functioning outcomes, with between-session practice and metacognitive beliefs as predictors. All other outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results Meta-analyses utilising 82 pre-post comparisons across 71 studies indicated statistically significant differences between QoL and total symptom effect sizes. Subgroup analyses suggested that intervention type moderated these effects. Effect sizes were largely maintained following sensitivity and outlier analyses. The feasibility study indicated the study is largely feasible for full trial. However, it is suggested that measures are taken immediately post-intervention and at an extended follow-up, rather than two weeks post-intervention. Reduction of sessions to 30 minutes with one practice was preferred by most participants. Therefore, shorter but more frequent sessions are recommended. Between-session practice adherence was poor for most participants. Metacognitive beliefs improved for all participants from pre- to mid-intervention, however increased post-intervention. All exploratory measures, except general wellbeing, demonstrated trends towards improvement. Discussion This thesis suggests that while psychological and psychosocial interventions improve QoL, they have greater effects on psychosis symptom outcomes. This indicates a need for interventions to be modified in order to address QoL needs more explicitly for people experiencing psychosis. However, issues around QoL assessment are presented. Feasibility and acceptability of the study procedures and intervention were partially confirmed, with some potential adaptations identified. Further research examining metacognitive belief outcomes and factors influencing between-session practice adherence is also recommended.

The detection of gravitational waves is essential for developing our understanding of the Universe. Systems such as inspiralling binaries of black holes and neutron stars produce gravitational waves, and much of the information carried by a gravitational wave cannot be obtained via any other means. Gravitational waves interact weakly with matter, so kilometre-scale interferometers, such as the LIGO detectors, are the only instruments which have directly measured the strain induced in space-time by gravitational waves. To more accurately determine the parameters of individual sources and to refine statistical models of these systems, it is vital that the sensitivity of these interferometers is increased. To reduce the quantum shot noise of the LIGO detectors, they require a low noise, high power laser. This thesis contains experimental characterisation of the prototype for the laser that will be used during LIGO's fourth observation run. This laser generated over 100W of amplitude stabilised light in the HG00 mode making it is an important step towards reaching the design sensitivity of the LIGO detectors. A current shunt was compared to an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) for use as the actuator in the control loop for stabilising the laser's amplitude. It was found that the AOM was more reliable and more versatile than the current shunt, and so it was recommended that the AOM was used during LIGO's fourth observation run. However, the current shunt may allow for ∼ 10W more power to be delivered to the interferometer, so this should be considered when the maximum laser power that is used by LIGO is limited by the power wasted by the AOM. Balanced homodyne detection is a key part of the upgrade from advanced LIGO to LIGO A+. To lower the quantum noise of the detectors by harnessing the quantum nature of light, it is crucial that the balanced homodyne detector has minimal loss. Mode mismatches between the interferometer and the output mode cleaners are a source of loss; therefore, active optics for mode matching between the interferometer and the output mode cleaner will be used. In this thesis, the uncertainty in the radii of curvature of the optics in the signal recycling cavity (SRC) was used to calculate the distribution of modes which may be present at the signal recycling mirror (SRM). For the LIGO Livingston Observatory, LA., USA (LLO), it was found that the uncertainty in the radii of curvature of an optic known as SR3 is the largest source of uncertainty in the beam parameter at the SRM. From a measurement of the SRC's Gouy phase, the arm mode at the SRM was inferred to have a width of 1.8 mm and a defocus of −0.28 m−1 . Visualisations for the amount of these modes which the active optics should be able to correct forwere created, and it was found that for LIGO A+, a mode mismatch up to 5% can be entirely corrected with the active optics. Third-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and LIGO Cosmic Explorer, will be far more sensitive and be able to probe deeper into the Universe than the current generation of detectors. The increase in sensitivity may be achieved with cryogenically cooled crystalline silicon test masses, but the wavelength of light used in current gravitational wave detectors, 1µm, will not be compatible with these test masses due to them being opaque to this wavelength. Instead, these test masses may work with 2µm light. High quantum efficiency photodiodes are required if the detector's quantum noise is to be minimal, so off-the-shelf extended InGaAs photodiodes that are sensitive to 2µm light were characterised in the context of the unique requirements of a gravitational wave detector. Both quantum efficiency and 1/f dark noise rise as the reverse bias of an extended InGaAs photodiode increases. A maximum reverse bias was found for the eight photodiodes that were tested such that their dark noises were below the shot noise of a typical current (∼ 10 mA) generated by the photodiode used to sense the gravitational wave signals in an interferometer. The effect of temperature on the dark noise was also investigated. It was found that current off-the-shelf extended InGaAs photodiodes will not be suitable for third-generation detectors as they do not have sufficient quantum efficiency while they are biased such that their dark noise is below shot noise in the frequency band of interest in ground-based gravitational wave detection. Cooling may help reduce this noise, but this poses a significant engineering challenge and the quantum efficiency requirement is still unlikely to be met. Significant amounts of research into the optimal conditions for manufacturing extended InGaAs photodiode would be needed before using them in a third-generation detector is viable.

Novel DNA-based conductive polymer nanowires formed from thienyl-pyrrole derivatives have been synthesized and characterised by high-resolution ES-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Bulk DNA-templating of these materials is demonstrated by FTIR, while relative control over nanowire dimensions and deposition is shown by AFM. The electronic properties of these materials were investigated by Scanned Conductance Microscopy (SCM) and two-point I-V measurements. The resistance of the DNA/polymer nanowires, determined from variable temperature I-V measurements, was found to be in the range of 10¹²-10¹⁴Ω. Nanowire conductivity values were calculated to be in the range of 1.9x10-⁷-3.75x10-⁴S cm-¹ at 303K. FTIR data demonstrates the availability of the alkyne group in bulk DNAtemplated materials for subsequent nanowire functionalisation using ‘click’ chemistry. Efforts to couple 3-azido propanol and ssDNA probe DNA is also presented.

In this thesis, we examine algorithms for content selection and information presentation that enable browsing as an information-seeking strategy. Our hypothesis is that users who wish to explore the contents of a particular domain might not be satisfied with traditional spoken dialogue systems, in which focal information is not described until a small number of the records comprising the domain are identified through a constraint-elicitation process. Specifically, we hypothesized that users would prefer responses in the form of incremental summaries of the focal information.

This thesis presents a study of chemi-ionisation reactions involving the two metastable states of helium He(23S) and He(21S) with Ar, CO2, N2O, CH4, C2H2, and NH3, also of He(23S) with SF6. The experimental techniques developed to measure both the relative total ionisation cross sections and the branching ratios for the different reactions is described, and a theoretical analysis is carried out in the case of collisions between helium atoms in both metastable states and argon. The relative variation of total ionisation cross section with velocity is carried out using the time-of-flight technique in a computer controlled experiment. The metastable atom source produces a wide velocity distribution (1 - 20 kms-1 or 0.02 - 8 eV). A newly-designed quench lamp enables the removal of fast He(2*S) metastable atoms from the beam. In every case except that of Ar + He(21S) in the range 1 - 5 kms-1 measurements with helium atoms in the He(21S) state are the first to be made. The measurements made for He(21S) with N2O and SF6 are also completely new. To make measurements using He(21S) the quench lamp is pulsed giving time-of-flight distributions with and without He(21S) information. Measurements with only the He(23S) state are subtracted from measurements with both states in order to determine the contribution from the He(21S) state. The computer control is essential to store this information simultaneously, but the process is by necessity slow and involves an appreciable amount of time in which data is not being recorded. To measure branching ratios for the different chemi-ionisation reactions as a function of collision velocity, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is used to separate the different product ions. The pulsed quench lamp is used again in conjunction with computer control to record metastable atom time-of-flight distributions and ionisation time-of-flight spectra so that the variation of the ion branches with velocity can be seen. As with the relative ionisation cross sections, the He(21S) data is new except in the case of argon. The He(23S) data is also new in the case of N2O and SF6. Various interaction potentials for Ar+He(23S) and Ar+He(21S) have been used to calculate theoretical ionisation cross sections for comparison with the present experimental data. The potentials have been modified to find the best fit to the present experimental data, and the general applicability of the new potentials has been assessed.

This Thesis reports a series of studies of the behaviour of novice computer programmers. One hundred and thirty nine programs which had been designed as solutions to a particular programming problem were analyzed, and it is shown that, despite great surface variety, the programs exhibit considerable underlying order. Concept Sorting and Recall tasks were used to induce the novices' mental organizations of programming knowledge. A program Questionnaire was designed which presented Subjects with alternative possible programmed solutions to a particular problem. The novices' mental models of the behaviour of recursive procedures were determined from their selections, and from the protocols they provided on the predicted behaviour of the different programs. In order to determine the structure perceived by novices when they were presented with unfamiliar programs, a transcription task was designed. The role of: A) real world knowledge, and, B) programming knowledge in problem understanding processes was investigated, and an 'interactionist' theory of problem solving in computer programming put forward. The pattern of problem solving processes predicted by the theory was formalized in an Interpretation Theory for scoring verbal protocols. The theory was tested by presenting novices with a problem statement containing some statements which were designed to activate real world knowledge, and others that were designed to activate programming knowledge. The anlaysis of protocols given by two novices is provided, and, finally, production system models of some aspects of their program writing behaviour are provided.

Negative affect (NA) is a known precipitant of cravings, and each are robust predictors of lapses, making this pathway an excellent target for lapse prevention in opioid treatment. As emotion dysregulation arises from unmitigated NA, deficits in emotion regulation (ER) contribute to cravings in part by worsening distress, although the form these deficits take remains unclear. Coping motives are relevant in the context of NA and show robust associations with ER difficulties. Further, coping motives have demonstrated a similar role in exacerbating the effect NA has on cravings. This study aimed to explore the conditional indirect effects of ER deficits (in the form high reliance on maladaptive strategies and insufficient use of adaptive strategies) on NA and craving via the conditional effects of coping motives in opioid use in a piecemeal approach.Treatment seeking opioid users less than 90 days clean (N=57) completed dispositional measures of using motives and ER repertoires followed by a 7-day ecological momentary assessment protocol indexing ratings of NA and craving across each day. General and mixed-effects linear models were fit to test hypothesized effects. Results indicate coping, enhancement, and pain, but not social motives predict maladaptive ER and no using motives predict adaptive ER. Coping motives and within-person fluctuations in NA interactively predict craving, with simple effects suggesting high dispositional coping motives exacerbate the effect of NA on craving and individual differences explain the variability in this effect. Conditional indirect effect of ER deficits via coping motives could not be tested due to insufficient statistical power, but the total effect of maladaptive repertoires and within-person fluctuations in NA interactively predict craving at a trend level. Simple effects suggest high maladaptive repertoires exacerbate the effect of NA on craving and individual differences explain the variability in this effect. Adaptive ER interactions were not interpretable. These finding suggest understanding using motives and reliance on maladaptive ER may help identify increased lapse risk in clinical settings.

The goal of this research was to determine how temperature gradients in series-connected lithium-ion battery packs affect the performance and cycle-life degradation of each of the cells in the battery pack as well as the pack as a whole. This degradation was compared to cells cycled individually and cells subjected only to calendar aging. This allowed attribution of degradation rates to specific usage conditions. Cell performance and capacity degradation was measured by utilizing standard capacity and resistance checks, neutron radiography, and other battery performance metrics. It was found that cells subjected to non-uniform temperatures within the pack degraded faster, and battery pack capacity was reduced relative to an ideal battery pack. It was also determined that the hottest cell in a series connected pack with a temperature gradient will degrade faster than an equivalent cell cycled individually at the same temperature. Despite the presence of large battery packs in modern electric vehicles, little work has been done to verify pack performance and degradation models, especially when paired with non-uniform pack temperature. This was due to the interwoven degradation stressors and mechanisms at play that need to be separately investigated to gain a full understanding of the combined effect of series packs and temperature gradients. In this work, the effects of calendar aging, cycling aging, temperature, and temperature gradients were all measured and compared. The causes of increased degradation measured on the packs with an applied temperature gradient were determined to be the superimposed effects of varying depths of discharge and non-uniform current distributions within the cells. It was also found that cell degradation did not scale linearly with applied temperature gradient. Rather, the relative rate of aging was found to follow a second order polynomial in temperature and in temperature difference. This meant that depending on the pack average temperature, the hottest or the coldest cell can degrade the most. This behavior was quantified to allow for use in optimizing the design of battery thermal management systems, and an example analysis of thermal management performance was performed on a battery pack from a Nissan Leaf.

Inferring population structure is important for several applications in medical and population genetic studies. However, the output of population structure inference methods can often be challenging to interpret. The goal of this dissertation is to apply population structure inference tools to learn and visualize demographic history and develop statistical methods for interpretable population structure inference. In Chapter 2, I apply population structure inference tools to learn about the genetic history of the Mediterranean island of Sardinia using a new ancient DNA dataset. In Chapter 3, I develop a fast and flexible statistical method and optimization algorithm for inferring and visualizing non-homogeneous patterns of migration using spatially indexed population genetic data. Finally, in Chapter 4, I develop a new Bayesian matrix factorization method and variational inference algorithm for emphasizing shared evolutionary histories when representing population structure. Overall, the work presented in this dissertation aims to provide interpretable representations of population structure which, in turn, give understanding into the underlying demographic factors that shape patterns of genetic variation.

The idea for Homage to Handmade: An Exploration of Pre-Industrial Needlework arrived during a classmate’s thesis presentation about potential applications of 3-D printing for theatre costuming. A jacket button or textile, for example, could be 3-D modeled, providing a designer with precisely what they want, and a large quantity of buttons or several yards of fabric could be produced quickly and inexpensively. Her presentation was fascinating and I knew she would do well with her study, but my mind began to wander down a path away from my colleagues. “What does the 3-D printer mean for people who work with their hands?” I thought to myself. “If textiles, and buttons can be so quickly fabricated, will the skills of sculptors and weavers be valued in the future? Will those skills be taught or will they eventually become forgotten and obsolete?” I looked around the room and listened to the feedback of my peers and remembered how few people share my perspective on technology. As the discussion carried on I wrote down my new thesis idea in my notebook. My thesis objective is to build a wig, sew a shirt, coat, waistcoat, and breeches in the style of an 18th century gentleman entirely by hand, id est, without the help of a sewing machine. The shirt will have handmade bobbin lace sewn to the neck opening bosom ruffle, and the waistcoat will be embellished with hand embroidery. These garments and hand processes serve two purposes. On the surface they will be pieces for my portfolio and a personal exercise in refining my needlework skills and acquiring additional ones. I enjoy sewing and take great pride in the process of making. But more profoundly, these items will be a physical representation of disenchantment with new technology. They represent a hope to maintain traditional craft while much of the world is in awe of technological progress. Through my needlework not only will I learn about creating historical garments and wigs, but I begin to answer the question, “why would anyone in this century choose to make something by hand?” This project is the beginning of a lifelong exploration

The world currently relies heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. One alternative source of energy are fuel cells, electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. They can be used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, stationary, portable and emergency power sources. Their development has been slowed by the high cost of PGM electrocatalysts needed at both electrodes as well as sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the cathode. To replace the costly PGM-based materials, a new generation of PGM-free ORR catalysts has emerged, composed by earth abundant elements such as carbon, nitrogen and transition metals. Current heterogeneous PGM-free catalysts are exceedingly difficult to study using standard analytical techniques. In the following studies, we use well- defined model systems based on graphitic systems such as graphite and graphene oxide. These extensively characterized materials are relatively simple to model, making them ideal platforms for understanding catalytic active sites. In the first study, we investigate a green, solvent-free and sustainable synthesis route to synthesize large amounts of active ORR electrocatalysts based on graphite. We show that the simple ball milling of expanded graphite in presence of metal and nitrogen precursors followed by a pyrolysis step can create active and selective catalysts towards the ORR. We report an improved activity of graphitebased electrocatalysts in alkaline medium with an onset potential (Eonset) up to ~0.89 V and a half-wave potential (E1/2) up to 0.72 V. In the second study, we demonstrate that removal of intercalated water using simple solvent treatments causes significant structural reorganization substantially impacting the ORR activity and stability of nitrogen-doped graphitic systems (NrGO). Contrasting reports describing ORR activity of NrGO-based catalysts in alkaline electrolytes, we demonstrate superior activity in acidic electrolyte with Eonset of ~0.9 V, E½ of 0.71 V, and selectivity for four-electron reduction >95%. Further, durability testing showed E½ retention >95% in N2- and O2-saturated solutions after 2000 cycles demonstrating highest ORR activity and stability reported to date for NrGO-based electrocatalysts in acidic media. In the third study, we report that the activity and selectivity (4e-) of NrGO catalysts for ORR is enhanced using simple solvent and electrochemical treatments. The solvents, which were chosen based on Hansen’s solubility parameters, drive a substantial change in the morphology of the functionalized graphene materials either by i) forming microporous holes in the graphitic sheets that lead to edge defects as well as enhanced oxygen transport, or ii) inducing 3D structure in the graphitic sheets that promote ORR. Additionally, the cycling of these catalysts has highlighted the multiplicity of the active sites, with different durability, leading to a more selective catalyst over time with little to no loss in performance. We demonstrate excellent ORR activity in an alkaline electrolyte with an Eonset up to ~1.08 V and a E1/2 up to 0.84 V. Further, durability testing showed E1/2 loss 2- and O2-saturated solutions after 10,000 cycles, demonstrating a high ORR activity and stability while improving the selectivity towards the 4-electron reduction. The results described in this study will allow for the synthesis of better performing graphitic ORR electrocatalyst with controlled activity and could lead to a better understanding of the active site formation in PGM-free electrocatalysts.

The family Saukiidae Ulrich and Resser, 1933 was one of the largest groups of late Cambrian trilobites, with representatives occurring on all major paleogeographic plates. However, inconsistent systematic practices that have been historically applied to this group have resulted in a muddled concept of the Saukiidae and an exaggerated species count. This has led to erouneous placement of many taxa due to a lack of distinct characters with which to diagnose some saukiid genera and species. To mitigate past systematic digressions and to re-elevate Saukiidae to a useful concept, a series of cladistic analyses were performed that incorporated all global occurrences of the Saukiidae for which there is a good fossil record. As a further test of the familial relationships of the Saukiidae, members of the Ptychaspididae and Pterocephaliidae were included to test what effect, if any, different outgroups would have on character polarity and the branching point with the Saukiidae. Results vary with outgroup choice, but suggest that some of the characters uniting Ptychaspididae and Saukiidae may be convergent. Because the 'upside-down' stratigraphic placement of taxa recovered with this outgroup is inconsistent with stratigraphic evidence, the Pterocephaliidae outgroup is preferred. The preferred phylogeny indicates that the Saukiidae is monophyletic, and is composed of two distinct groups of subfamilial rank: the Saukiinae, n. subfam., defined by the absence of a preglabellar field (Calvinella, Danzhaisaukia, Eosaukia, Linguisaukia, Lophosaukia, Mictosaukia, Saukia, Sinosaukia, and Tellerina); and the Prosaukiinae n. subfam., defined by possession of a preglabellar field (Anderssonella, Hoytaspis, Lichengia, Pacootasaukia, Prosaukia, and Saukiella). The ancestral geographic area(s) for each node on the preferred cladogram was then computed using Fitch optomization. The Fitch analysis revealed that toward the base of the tree, descendants that had originated from ancestors living in Laurentia likely moved westward towards Australia and North China, most likely as larvae. Further up the tree, a single dispersal event appears to have moved eastward toward South China; all taxa in a more derived position to this dispersal occur in Gondwana indicating a radiation across Gondwana from this event, and a likely Laurentian origin of the family Saukiidae.

With the growing demand for miniaturization of devices and for new materials with useful properties, the use of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) for the manufacture of thin films is receiving growing attention. The synthesis of potentially volatile metal complexes and investigation of their use as CVD precursors is an important part of this process. The research presented addresses several major areas of this process, (i) the identification and synthesis of ligands which can impart volatility to a metal complex, (ii) the synthesis, characterization, and assessment of volatility of metal complexes containing these ligands, and (iii) the full materials characterization of thin films grown with these complexes. The use of trimethylphosphine, bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate, and bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolyl ligands have been successfully used to synthesize volatile new complexes of cobalt, rhodium, and nickel, some of which show promise for use as potential CVD precursors.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the Siete Partidas of Alfonso X of Castile in the context of two historiographical assertions: that Alfonso was a revolutionary monarch who consciously anticipated the developments surrounding the rise of the nation-state, and that the Siete Partidas represent a mere compilation of older legal traditions with little creative manipulation by Alfonso. To test these assertions, I selected three samples of the legal code and analyzed the extent to which they conformed to these historiographical claims. My analysis concluded that these sections of the Siete Partidas do not support the prevailing historiographical assertions about both Alfonso and the Siete Partidas. Rather, these sections of the code suggest that Alfonso was as much a medieval ruler, deeply concerned with the particular situation of thirteenth-century Castile, as he was a visionary anticipating a centralized Castilian nation-state. As a result, my thesis suggests that a reinterpretation of Alfonso X’s character may be in order. At least in these sections of the Siete Partidas, the traditional perspective of Alfonso X does not seem valid, and a deeper analysis seems warranted.

In this study, fashion and brand ideologies are utilized in explaining how cargo pants (the fashion) are no longer the main attraction for the consumer when purchasing the pants. It appears that the consumer may identify with the branding concept used to contextualize cargo pants and to create a selling story; these branding channels sometimes create a hyperreality that entices the consumer to buy the garment thinking s/he is “purchasing” part of the fantasy. Understanding this phenomenon is key to this investigation of cargo pants that have been manipulated and changed through brand culture. The goal of the study is to build upon these fashion studies synthesizing the theoretical foundations of branding by conducting an applied study of a cargo pants in fashion. By examining a single garment type, it was possible to comprehend how all elements of the fashion system are manipulated and systematically changed through branding, and how a garment’s meaning becomes context dependent. This is important for understanding that during a particular fashion season a garment can have multiple meanings, thereby appealing to more consumers who may or may not purchase the garment for the same reasons. By deconstructing changes in fabrications, garment labeling, design features, and contextual placement, the reader will begin to understand that cargo pants are no longer the same army uniform pants worn by their grandfathers. As the American culture continues to become more diverse and multicultural, the goal of retailers becomes not only one of showing how a garment is multi-functional, but also how these companies must market a similar garment to a number of diverse target markets. The re-invention of cargo pants in brand advertising serves as a key to understanding change in American material and popular culture. While fashion advertising is referenced in many studies to depict fashion and its evolution, few fashion scholars discuss how the branding (context) of the garment is the actual vehicle that aids in changing the perception, meaning and “language” of fashion.

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The problem of dissolved oxygen drawdown and sulfate production in strip mine spoil dams due to chemical reaction between an excess of pyrite, water, and dissolved oxygen is investigated. A finite element analysis is used to solve the diffusion-convection equation assuming steady state conditions and no internal oxygen sources. Oxygen recharge along the free surface is permitted. The analysis is performed in three steps. Step one calculates the nodal piezometric heads and elemental bulk fluid velocities. Steps two and three determine the nodal dissolved oxygen and sulfate concentrations. Solutions are presented for a wide range of soil permeabilities and dissolved oxygen reaction coefficients. It is found that as the dissolved oxygen reaction coefficients. decreased, the dissolved oxygen deficit decreased and the sulfate concentration increased. From these results it was found that the maximum dissolved oxygen deficit occurs at an internal point in the dam and the maximum sulfate concentration occurs on the downstream face of the dam. The computer program used in the analysis is written in FORTRMi IV computer language and requires a minimum of programming knowledge to implement.

The effects of the "Magic Circle" Technique on the affective and cognitive development of fourth grade children was investigated. The subjects from ten public schools in a southwestern Virginia county were divided into two experimental and two control groups. Solomon 4 group was employed with one experimental and one control group receiving both a pre-test and post-test with the remaining experimental and control groups receiving only a post-test. The experimental groups received the "Magic Circle" sessions three times weekly for a period of eighteen weeks. Four hypotheses, stated in the null form, were tested at the .05 level of significance. Ho₁ : There is no difference in personal adjustment scores relating to self-concept for students receiving "Magic Circle" than those not receiving "Magic Circle." Ho₂ : There is no difference in social adjustment scores relating to self-concept for students receiving "Magic Circle" than those not receiving "Magic Circle." Ho₃ : There is no difference in self-esteem scores for students receiving "Magic Circle" than those not receiving "Magic Circle." Ho₄ : There is no difference in the total reading score of students receiving "Magic Circle" and those students not receiving "Magic Circle." All the traditional comparisons appropriate for Solomon's 4 Group design were made with the SPSS statistical package (subprogram T-test) with both independent and dependent T-tests being performed. The following is a summary of the major results established from this study: 1. There was a significant interaction effect between testing and treatment of the subjects, indicating that there was no difference in personal adjustment in the way the subjects performed when in the treatment group as opposed to the control group. 2. Treatment was significant at the .01 level in increasing self-esteem for post-tested only subjects receiving "Magic Circle" as opposed to those students in the control group. 3. Treatment was also significant at the .05 level for post-tested only groups on social adjustment for post-tested only subjects receiving "Magic Circle" as opposed to those students in the control group. There are implications from these findings that "Magic Circle" is an effectively planned procedure by which elementary counselors and teachers can initiate positive changes in the social behavior of kids today.

This study is concerned With the development of an emperical means of qualifying and quantifying various energy-related aspects of earth sheltered buildings in temperate to warm climates such as found in Oklahoma. The underlying goal is to develop a program and provide conceptual design alternatives for a test facility which well provide the necessary data to determine the energy-saving potential of earth sheltering as a design alternative. A questionnaire, sent to selected professionals in the field of earth sheltering, aided in the identification of useful investigations and testing procedures. These investigations may be performed to provide information to professionals involved in research, design, and engineering concerning the relative impact of various design strategies on the total energy performance of earth sheltered buildings.

In the early Christian celebrations of the Eucharist the presentation of bread and wine by the deacons was a simple, practical matter surrounded with little or no ceremonial. Liturgical and musical elaboration of this part of the liturgy seems to have taken place first in Africa early in the fifth century concomitant with the development of the laity's role in the offering. The first extensive description of the Western offertory appears in Ordo Romnnus l: the laity did not form a procession and only the existence of an offertory chant is mentioned. Since the compiler of the Ordo does not regard the offertory as similar to the introit and communion (and, therefore, antiphonal) it must have been performed responsorially. A responsorial performance is appropriate for the offertory as it appears in the earliest musical record of the Roman liturgy, the Gregorian Gradual of Mt. Blandin. Thus, the late medieval term, antiphona ad offertorium, does not reflect the authentic form of the offertory. The elaborate verses of the Old-Roman and Gregorian traditions probably existed in the early ninth century. Their gradual disappearance has been attributed to a decline in the people's participation at Mass. In general, the texts of the offertories are drawn from the Psalterium Romanum but in a significant number of cases Old-Roman end Gregorian chant texts agree on a particular reading against the Psalterium Romanum. Two quasi-psalmodic formulae are found in the refrains and verses of many Old-Roman offertories. One of them, Formula B, occurs in virtually all F-mode offertories, frequently repeated many times within a single piece. In Formula A the reciting element (a repeated torculus) is more prominent. Thia formula is also shorter than Formula B (4 elements versus 7). Formula A occurs more frequently in the verses than it does in the refrains. Repetition of melodic material plays an important role in the formal design of the Old-Roman offertories. Forty offertories of a total of ninety four studied have at least one repetition of an entire phrase; in most cases the repetitions are extensive enough to have a unifying force. Small segments of the phrase which is repeated are broken off and subjected to multiple repetitions so that the complete phrase is heard only two or three times. The procedures of adaptation are extremely flexible though the identity of the model phrase is recognizable through all the variants. Repetition of short phrases or motives (generally a a or a a') occurs in both neumatic and melismatic portions of the chant. The Old-Roman melos is pervaded by this mosaic-like working with small motives. An extension of the principle of melodic repetition exists in the many cases (50) of "rhyme" between the ends of verses or between refrain and verse. In about one-third of the Old-Roman offertories at least one verse closes with the same cadence which preceded the detachable conclusion of the refrain (that part of the refrain which is repeated after each verse). In the tritus and tetrardus modes cadences which close a refrain never appear at the end of a verse or as internal cadences. This functional division is not adhered to strictly in the other-two modes. Text repetition, a phenomenon unique to the offertories, demonstrates the common textual basis of Old-Roman and Gregorian chants. All but four of the twenty-three Old-Roman examples observed have parallels in the Gregorian tradition.

https://archive.org/details/theappealofnewte00thom

https://archive.org/details/britishamericanc00geor

The problem of this investigation was concerned with ascertaining the image of nursing and job satisfaction of United States Air Force nurses as determined by the type of nursing education and the length of time in the service.