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Background: During an age of fiscal constraint and increasing pressure to provide timely access to effective, efficient and evidence based care, there is an increased need for research to develop empirically based prevention and intervention strategies for complex psychological difficulties which often present during childhood and adolescence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are under significant pressure to deliver timely access to services, with demand frequently outstripping capacity to deliver. These challenges have highlighted the need for services to ensure that planning supports continued improvement in quality and delivers the best possible outcomes for service users. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of group based interventions for adolescents with features or a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was conducted. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed quality analysis. All included studies reported a significant improvement in psychopathology and symptoms of distress as well as an improvement in quality of life for both group based interventions and treatment as usual. Overall, the results hold promise for current work with adolescents with BPD and highlight the importance for future research in this developing area. However, more rigorous research is required to identify the active ingredients of treatments for BPD in adolescents with a view to developing standardised treatment protocols. Empirical Study: A Delphi study was conducted to explore perceptions on the relevance, practicalities, importance and feasibility of implementing nationally agreed CAMHS referral criteria from the perspective of clinicians working in CAMHS in the North of Scotland. In addition, the study aimed to explore and gain consensus on possible factors which support clinicians working in specialist services. A three round electronic Delphi survey, an iterative structured process used to gather information and gain group consensus, was completed by twenty-eight clinicians working in CAMHS. Eight open ended questions in Round 1, were analysed using content analyses resulting in ninety-eight statements to be rated by the same group of clinicians in Round 2 and fifteen statements in Round 3. Of the ninety-eight statements, eighty-four reached consensus. Results indicate that the guidelines are viewed by many clinicians as both acceptable and important, however, implementation of the guidelines can present services with significant challenges and have highlighted the importance of services having the correct infrastructure before it is possible to implement the referral criteria in a consistent and meaningful way.

The Southern Uplands of Scotland is interpreted as a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary complex which formed on the northern margin of the Iapetus Ocean. Seven conglomerates which contain detritus derived from the north-west, from sources on the Laurentian continental margin, were studied. Granite clasts in five of the conglomerates have distinct petrographic and geochemical characteristics which indicate that separate source areas supplied detritus to the Southern Uplands at different times. The Llandeilo Corsewall Point and Caradoc Glen Afton conglomerates, which occur in Tracts 1 and 2 of the Northern Belt, contain granite clasts that yield similar Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages (c. 1,200 Ma, 600-660 Ma and c. 475 Ma) and similar Sm-Nd model ages. This suggests that the clasts in the two conglomerates were derived from related sources. Some of the granite clasts in the early Ashgill Shinnel Formation conglomerate, which occurs in Tract 3 of the Northern Belt, resemble those in the Corsewall Point conglomerate, but most are petrographically and geochemically distinct, and yield younger Sm-Nd model ages. The lower Llandovery Pinstane Hill conglomerate occurs in Tract 4 of the Central Belt, and contains granitic detritus which yields a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 458 ± 26 Ma and has similar characteristics to the clasts in the Shinnel Formation conglomerate. The granite clasts in the Corsewall Point and Glen Afton conglomerates are of a different age to the granite intrusions of northern Scotland, and are unlikely to have been derived from this region. Conglomerates in the Midland Valley contain granite clasts with different petrographic and isotopic characteristics to those supplied to the Southern Uplands during the Llandeilo and Caradoc. However, north-west Newfoundland has a similar igneous history to that recorded by the Southern Uplands clasts, which could be derived from this region. The clasts supplied to the Shinnel Formation and Pinstane Hill conglomerates during the Ashgill and Llandovery have more in common with the granitic detritus in the Midland Valley. Thus, the Southern Uplands form a distinct Caledonian terrane which was south-east of Newfoundland in the Llandeilo, and was affected by sinistral strike-slip displacements during and after accretion.

Flexibility from distributed energy resources (DERs) such as electric vehicles (EVs), solar photovoltaics, wind generators and battery storage, has the potential to significantly reduce the network reinforcement and operating costs required for the decarbonisation of the electricity system. New tools are required by the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) to coordinate access to DER flexibility while maintaining stable system operation. According to the 2019 TSO-DSO report by the associations representing European distribution and transmission system operators 'DSOs and TSOs need to co-ordinate closely for the use of flexibility to fulfil their missions as defined in regulation'. New coordination models have been proposed in academia as part the European Union SmartNet project, and a world-first regional reactive power market for DERs has been demonstrated in the South East of England in the 'Power Potential' project. With this in mind, this thesis aims to answer the following research questions: 1. How can access to distributed flexibility be coordinated between the DSO and TSO for system balancing and distribution system congestion management? 2. How can distribution system congestion management be scaled and coordinated with the TSO for millions of flexibility providers down to LV level? To investigate these problems, novel DSO-TSO coordination schemes, under Local and Decentralised market frameworks, have been developed and demonstrated on a distribution system with high DER penetrations. In the Local market, DERs are cleared by the DSO to participate directly in the TSO market, whereas in the Decentralised market, the DSO aggregates DER flexibility to the Transmission-Distribution interface for participation in the TSO market. Case studies have been investigated on the performance of the DSO-TSO coordination schemes, and it has been concluded that the Local market provides the most promising coordination mechanism in terms of complexity, tractability, and compatibility with the existing TSO balancing market operation of Great Britain. By operating multiple DSO regions in parallel, the Local market has been demonstrated to offer a more scalable solution than a single centralised network model. In the cases studied, it was observed that the requirements of the DSO and TSO generally aligned, however, when this was not the case in the Local market, the DSO is given priority access to DERs to solve distribution level constraints and any remaining flexibility is made available to the TSO. The DSO-TSO coordination schemes developed in this thesis solve congestion on balanced medium/high voltage networks using optimal power flow (OPF) techniques in a GB 'balancing' style market operating close to gate closure (1-2 hours ahead of delivery). However, this solution is not considered suitable for application to the millions of domestic customers connected at low voltage (LV). This is because it assumes balanced phases whereas LV networks are often unbalanced and existing three-phase OPF techniques for unbalanced networks may require too much computational overhead (processing power and time). Scalable three-phase LV congestion management solutions are required to minimise the amount of network reinforcement required to facilitate the electrification of heat and transport. In this thesis, a novel and scalable LV congestion management scheme (CMS) has been developed and integrated with the Local market DSO-TSO coordination scheme to provide the DSO and TSO access to EV flexibility located at household level while respecting LV network constraints. By applying the CMS to a set of LV networks, it is found that the hosting capacity for EVs can be more than doubled compared to uncoordinated EV charging. The LV CMS represents a key research output from the work of this thesis. It provides a way to access distributed flexibility located at LV in a coordinated way such that the DSO and TSO can achieve system balancing and incorporate distribution system congestion management while addressing the scalability issues.

Pastors struggle with weight and fitness to a greater extent than the average person. The results are a lack of credibility, a decrease in ability, and a shorter life span, all of which reduce service to God. This project will serve as a fitness model for pastors to improve health, fitness, and effectiveness in the ministry of the Gospel of Jesus Christ by giving simple diet, lifestyle, and exercise instructions and changes.

Seguir la lectura de Santo Tomás sobre «Hebreos» es obligarse a pensar, a meditar de manera más profunda el significado del texto sagrado. El artículo quiere mostrar las concatenaciones del texto de Santo Tomás cuando se examinan con una perspectiva más teológica y más profunda.

Durante bastante tiempo los comentarios de Santo Tomás a las cartas de San Pablo se han considerado uno de los textos menos originales del Aquinate. Sin embargo, un estudio atento de estos comentrios descubre un orden teológico en el comentario, una atención a la lógica interna de cada una de las cartas, y, sobre todo, una perspectiva que tiene se atiene al texto, pero que no descuida en ningún momento la unidad de la Sagrada Escritura. Esto se percibe en los epígrafes con los que comenta los textos y en los textos de otros libros que invoca en los comentarios. Santo Tomás une en su comentario la exégesis doctrinal con la atención a la argumentación del texto, la ciencia y la fe, la exégesis teológica y la edificación espiritual.

A study of the most important aspects in the ethics of Thomas Aquinas, with special emphasis on its current relevance.

Human thirst for energy shows no signs of abating; instead global demand for electricity is projected to increase in the coming decades. If this demand is to be supplied in a sustainable manner, a rapid uptake in renewable sourced electrical energy is required. One arena that offers significant scope for increased renewable sourced generation is the offshore domain, through the offshore wind, tidal, and wave vectors. While the energy potential of the marine domain is vast, there are a number of challenges associated with deploying machines offshore to generate electricity, and transporting this energy back to population centres where it may be utilised. The deployment of a subsea electrical network to facilitate the extraction of energy from offshore renewable energy projects can be both logistically difficult and expensive. Consequently, the optimisation of such networks takes on critical importance if the marine domain is to make a significantly increased contribution towards the global electricity demand. This thesis considers the application of a two-tiered meta-heuristic optimisation approach for the holistic design of subsea electrical networks for offshore renewable energy projects; accounting for in-service costs arising from electrical losses and no-service conditions, in addition to purchase and installation costs. One current offshore wind development, Horns-Rev 1 was assessed using the optimisation framework that has been developed as part of this work. These studies demonstrate that the in-situ network at Horns-Rev 1 could have been improved upon, in terms of through-life cost minimisation while using the same design parameters, by changing the network layout. By altering the selected design parameters (voltage and frequency) the network performance, against the lifecycle cost minimisation could be further reduced. Additionally, the optimisation framework is deployed to design an optimal network for the proposed East Anglia One offshore wind park where viable solutions were identified using the projected design parameters. Again, it is shown that by altering the voltage and frequency parameters selected in the design, the through-life cost of the network solution may be improved upon relative to the assumed parameters.

Metafísica; antropología; racionalismo; existencialismo.

It is the purpose of this thesis to contribute a small part to the large picture of Texas dialect by describing the use of certain stressed sounds in one locality, Parker County, Texas, which lies in the General American speech division of the United States.