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Purpose: To explore the evolution of Facility Management (FM) in the Building Information Modelling (BIM) process. The research aimed to establish Critical Success Factors (CSF) which help deliver successful BIM projects, and to present these in a ‘FM-BIM Mobilisation Framework’. Background: Inefficiencies, poor collaboration and a focus on short-term costs in the construction industry, combined with a lack of innovation and digital competency when ordering projects, have resulted in a failure to deliver assets which have sustainable outcomes over their whole-life. Methodology: A mixed methods concurrent convergent design, incorporating side-by-side narrative text analysis was adopted to merge qualitative/quantitative findings. Critical Success Themes (CST) from literature were then used to establish CSF through; 19 interviews with FM/BIM experts, and a questionnaire to gauge FM industry awareness of BIM (using UK and international inputs). The final merged CSF were incorporated into a framework. This was validated using a two-stage process with a focus group using some of the same FM/BIM experts. Key findings: 10 CSF Main-Themes (MT), with a 100 Sub-Themes (ST) were identified covering important digital skills, knowledge and competences people require to contribute to the BIM process. Clients and Facility Mangers (FMs) must engage early if the full benefits of BIM are to be realised in the operational phase. They must clearly define their information requirements to align with business processes, and collaborate with the delivery team to ensure information is captured/transferred into the relevant management systems. Originality/value: The comprehensive end-to-end framework combines FM and BIM CSF into one online interactive tool which provides a wealth of useful knowledge, sources, benefits and practical examples. Although based on the UK BIM Framework, the alignment with ‘ISO 19650’ ensures it will also benefit an international audience. Keywords: Facility Management (FM), Building Information Modelling (BIM), ‘FM-BIM Mobilisation Framework’, digitalisation, information requirements.

Carbon fibre reinforced thermoset polymer (CFRP) components are becoming increasingly prevalent in aerospace and automotive industries where reduced weight and increased fuel efficiency is required. The manufacturing process typically requires the net shape to be edge trimmed, using a milling process, to achieve final part shape. The cutting process can cause defects on the trimmed edge which, due to the anisotropic nature of the CFRP material, may not be adequately captured by traditional, metallic material based surface quality metrics. More fundamentally, the effect on mechanical performance, in particular flexural strength, is not well understood. The aim of this project is to investigate links between machined edge surfaces and static flexural properties. The effects of machine stiffness and cutting tool design, the effects of tool coating and tool wear, and finally, the effect of machining temperature on the surface quality and subsequent flexural strength are assessed. This is completed through the use of a robust framework to assess materials, machines and tools used in experimentation. Dynamometer data is captured and assessed through an original metric and current state-of-the-art 3D areal metrics are used to assess the machined surface topography. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to provide further qualitative data. Chips are collected and analysed, in a first for composite materials, to determine average geometry and changes due to machining variables. Finally, to address the shortcomings of current available metrics, a novel metric to observe sub-surface defects is proposed, validated and used to assess effects of machining variables on edge quality. It has been found that edge quality does alter the mechanical strength of edge trimmed CFRP through static four-point bend analysis. Flexural strength of coupons machined by the 6-axis robotic system is 25.9% greater than the 5-axis gantry. Tool wear and machining at elevated temperatures can reduce flexural strength by 7.1 and 8.7%, respectively. Design of experiment (DoE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods employed to show statistical correlations with machining variables and surface metrics. The edge quality of CFRP, machined using prescribed variables, has been successfully linked to amplitude and volumetric 3D areal metrics (p < 0.05). Cutting mechanisms of different fibre orientations have been successfully characterised through SEM and areal analysis. Analysis of machining chips has confirmed cutting mechanism changes when the CFRP material is pre-heated up to glass transition onset. A novel, validated strategy for measuring sub-surface defects, was able to observe defects in edge trimmed samples, particularly in the 90° fibre region where matrix smearing previously prevented observation of damage.

Emotion regulation (ER) is complex and can implicate numerous outcomes within a child’s environment. It is a valuable framework in conceptualising adaptive and maladaptive functioning in children (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The current thesis provides a developmental account of ER and addresses a number of critical questions in three parts. Part one is a meta-analysis of 17 studies. It investigated the effectiveness of ER interventions for children which was found to improve regulatory abilities as well as behavioural and clinical outcomes, compared to having no treatment or an alternative treatment. Factors such as age, duration and sample origin did not differentiate treatment gains. The majority of the included studies had interventions that were group-based and informed by CBT principles. Part two describes an empirical study utilising prospective observational data to examine preschoolers’ ER, over time, and its interaction with maternal depression on subsequent externalising and internalising behaviours. ER was represented by emotion reactivity, social regulation and redirected attention. It was assessed at age 15, 26 and 37 months. The three ER indices were not significant precursors of later emotional and behavioural symptoms. However, lower emotion reactivity at 15 months was found to intensify the direct influence of maternal depression on externalising but not internalising problems. Coding of the ER variables was jointly completed with another trainee. Part three presents a critical appraisal of the dissertation process. A discussion on the choice of research topic, learning points and challenges encountered was included. It concludes with a consideration of childhood ER from the perspective of culture.