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Basinwide visual estimation techniques were used to inventory habitat and fish populations in three Shenandoah National Park watersheds having low, moderate, and high acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) to determine: a) types, distribution, and total amount of habitat; b) community structure and estimate fish density, condition, and production; and c) the influence of habitat verses ANC on fish communities. Fish species richness ranged from 3 to 7 species, and increased with ANC. Brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) and blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) were the only two species common to all watersheds. Both species used pools more than riffles (P