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A paper making process adopts primarily a generic flow of steps across industries. This industry is one of the largest in the world and is touted to be growing further with incremental demand for paper and its affiliated products for its eco-friendliness. However, paper and pulp industry is a heavily resource dependent industry be it forest resource, water resource, energy or chemicals. In fact, it is said to be one of the top five leading consumers of energy. Given such, this industry is a major contributor to depleting natural resources and increasing greenhouse gas emission, adding intensively to the global warming. Against such a backdrop, it offers relevant cause to study the scholarly discussion and debate on sustainable issues in paper and pulp industry playing around the academic universe and also to poke into and discuss some of the issues of sustainability in the industry emerging out of the articles. Accordingly, through this article, the present state of affairs in the academic fraternity on the above topic has been laid out through a bibliometric analysis, while some of the common challenges of environmental sustainability associated with the paper making process have been identified from the literature and discussed thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal and collection of dust particles from the air discharged into the atmosphere by industrial plants processing, transporting and storing dusty materials is an important objective for employers to prevent air pollution according to environmental legislation and employee safety regulations. Where the dust in question is flammable and may generate an explosive atmosphere, measures must be taken to prevent explosion and/or limit the effects of explosion. To this end, proper assessment of the risk of explosions is essential in order to determine the effectiveness of the measures implemented and/or the need to take additional measures. As there is no specific assessment method for the risk of explosions in dust/air explosive atmospheres, various bodies/persons have developed their own more or less comprehensive assessment methods. In the paper are presented some important aspects included in the assessment procedure applied by us for the evaluation of the risk of explosions in dust removal systems with emphasis on the development of laboratory tests to determine the explosive characteristics of explosive air/flammable dust mixtures as well as on the constructive solutions to limit the effects of possible explosions. It highlights the importance of the competence of persons involved in the design, installation, maintenance and inspection of installations regarding the application of standards, guidelines and legislation in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An innovation in paper technology that is totally different from the papermaking technology that has been known now, has been found in the 21st century in China. This new discovery paper does not use cellulose fibers as its raw material, and does not use water at all in its production process. Because it is made of inorganic mineral coming from calcite rocks, this paper is called 'rock paper' or stone paper. The process of stone papermaking in principle mixes fine powder of calcite rock with non-toxic resin, one of which is HDPE (high density polyethylene), as well as other additives, then melted at high temperatures and formed into a sheets like paper. The properties of stone paper are very similar and even have advantages compared to conventional paper. This type of paper is claimed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional paper because it does not use plant fibers as raw material, which means there is no trees cut. It can be recycled and produces low greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding potential of pulp fibers is reduced by the paper recycling process. The most common technique for recovering this lost potential of secondary fibers involves upgrading the recycled pulp by blending it with virgin softwood pulps. In this research, we asses print stability on acid agents of UV inkjet prints when using straw pulp as reinforcing fibers in recycled papers. For that purpose, printing substrates were formed on the Rapid Kothen device from pulp obtained by blending different proportions of straw pulp and pulp of recycled fibers. Each printing substrate was printed in full tone with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks by digital technique of UV inkjet printing. Printed substrates were treated with various inorganic and organic acids under the conditions defined in the international standard ISO 2836:2004. Based on the measured spectrophotometric values of the untreated and acid-treated prints, the Euclidean color difference (ΔE00) was defined and the stability of prints was assessed. The results of spectrophotometric measurements indicate small to medium color differences of the prints due to the effect of all acids (ΔE00max. < 2.4) and it can be concluded that straw pulp in printing substrates from recycled fibers contributes to good chemical stability of prints. This research concludes that straw, as an annual renewable resource, can be used in conjunction with waste paper as an alternative to wood, which is currently the dominant raw material for graphic industry and producing paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is a widely used material that is affected by environmental stresses and makes paper prone to damage. The paper is characterized by the absorption of water and moisture due to porosity, We have overcome this problem by employing polymer materials as water-resistant coatings acting as a barrier to protecting the paper, Polymer paper coating forms a clear membrane on the fiber forming a bridge of monomers on the surface of the paper. Two polymer coatings were used as a treatment, namely Polystyrene and sealer (alkyd resin). The results showed the possibility of enhancing the durability of the paper and preserving it from damage and deterioration. The treatment gave a decrease in moisture content, response to abrasion and scratching while increased folding tolerability, the burst strength, tear resistance, hardness compared to untreated paper and the paper porosity important indicator to overcome. The degree of brightness, the degree of color and visible light and ultraviolet radiation [UV] effect of the specimens were studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical paper searching is a major task for clinical researchers to collect authoritative and up-to-date evidences to support their research works and clinical practices. Currently, this task needs huge amount of labor work. Researchers usually spend a lot of time searching on the online repository and iterating many times to get the final paper list. Systematic review is a special case, in which the paper searching process is a critical step. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a method to streamline the iterative paper searching process. It automatically selects the most probably matched papers, and then generates new search strategy. All the intermediate results are visualized based on the paper citation graph. It assembles technologies such as Page Rank and Topic-based clustering to accelerate the paper searching tasks. The precision, recall, and execution time of the proposed method are then evaluated by comparing with published systematic reviews [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple has been known for a number of beneficial biological activities such as anti-oxidative and antibrowning. Some of these bioactivities are contributed by enzymatic complex in pineapple and it can be found mainly in the skin extracted pineapple juice. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the pineapple juice as a pulping and bleaching agent in the process of papermaking. During pulping of pineapple leaf fibre, the mixture of pineapple juice/water was added together with a constant amount of 3% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) at various concentration of pineapple juice (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%). Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) was soaked several times with pineapple juice and NaOH during pulping and bleaching process in order to get the optimum results of the paper sheet obtained. The mechanical and physical properties of paper sheet were studied by measuring its tensile strength, tear resistance and water absorption. Comparatively, paper sheet produced from NaOH pulping shows better mechanical and physical properties than the mixture pulping of NaOH and pineapple juice. Additionally, pulping with higher concentration of pineapple juice tends to give long fibre rather than short fibre. Overall, the results of this study can be used as an alternative way in the production of paper and it also opens a door to utilize wisely the waste residue of pineapple in other sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing the waste paper produces huge amounts of waste - papermaking sludge. This kind of waste includes around 50 % of inorganic material and high proportion of water. Its current economic recovery is very limited, which affects the overall efficiency of recycling paper. However, the elementary and chemical composition has a high potential for wider and more economically efficient use in various industrial fields. The object of this paper is research of composition and physical properties of such sludge from old paper recycling. The work analyzes the possibilities of the sludge material recovery and aims to develop a new product for the construction industry - building plates with different physical properties and their areas of application. Realized experimental research has shown high potential of material recovery of this waste. Research results show that the new product developed on the basis of the papermaking sludge achieves excellent mechanical properties. Thanks to this way, the material recovery of sludge from old paper recycling obtains not only economically efficient new product but also environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the preferences of the Slovak university students either for digital or print medium while reading for school work. Respondents of our sample belong to generation Y who grow up and still live in the digital environment. In spite of this fact we supposed some share of them tends to utilise hard copy or combines it with digital platforms. Findings showed that printed text is widely preferred among our sample of respondents. Majority of university students use paper as a medium for school work. Important factors influencing a choice of medium are length of text, ability to concentrate on reading text, overall time spent by reading, and attitudes of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sheets were produced from bleached kraft pulp, and office and newsprint waste paper. Nanoparticles from black alder bark, grey alder bark and pine bark as well as birch sawdust were obtained for using them as reinforcing fillers in paper. Non-extracted bark and that extracted in biorefinery were used. For producing nanoparticles, the materials were destructed using the thermocatalytic destruction method and then dispersed in water medium in a ball mill. At a sufficient concentration, gel-like dispersions were obtained, which contained nanoparticles with the size ∼300 nm. The dispersions were introduced in paper furnish in different amounts. It has been established that all the nanoparticle fillers increase the tensile index and burst index in dry and wet states. The nanoparticle fillers from extracted bark increase the mechanical indices to a higher extent. At 20% filler content, tensile index in a dry state increases in the case of non-extracted grey alder bark, black alder bark and pine bark by 28, 30 and 15%, and in the case of extracted ones - by 44, 40 and 30%, respectively; the burst index increases by 78, 19 and 4%, and 91, 25 and 14%, respectively. The nanoparticle filler from birch sawdust increases the tensile strength in a dry state by 9% and burst index by 20%. The obtained nanoparticle fillers slightly improve also the water resistance of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdSe quantum dot has great potential in various applications especially for emitting devices. One example potential application of CdSe quantum dot is security label for anti-counterfeiting. In this work, we present a practical approach of security label on paper using one and two colors of colloidal CdSe quantum dot, which is used as stamping ink on various types of paper. Under ambient condition, quantum dot is almost invisible. The quantum dot security label can be revealed by detecting emission of quantum dot using photoluminescence and cnc machine. The recorded quantum dot emission intensity is then analyzed using home-made program to reveal quantum dot pattern stamp having the word 'RAHASIA'. We found that security label using quantum dot works well on several types of paper. The quantum dot patterns can survive several days and further treatment is required to protect the quantum dot. Oxidation of quantum dot that occurred during this experiment reduced the emission intensity of quantum dot patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the possibility of creation teaching aids with using colour 3D printers. The main emphasis will be given to MCOR IRIS HD printing machine. The usage of teaching aids and models representing the real phenomenon is quite useful in many scientific spheres. Nowadays we can achieve these models in various ways from the classic machine-tools to modern 3D printers which became very popular. The technology of MCOR IRIS is one of the latest in the field of the 3D printing. The printer uses ordinary white or printed papers as its printing material. Paper sheets are glued and cut by the special knife. This technology allows the production of fully coloured and relatively cheap models. There are still several limits such as sharp edges or the duration of the building process which can destroy the results. On the other hand, the printer is easily able to build a lot of different models (including tactile maps, houses, volcanos) in comparatively good quality and short time. The paper discusses the strength and weakness of mentioned technology focusing on data accessibility and models preparation. The main benefit is an easy and accessible creation of models for the scientific researchers and exhibitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution and integration of Information and Communication Technologies in all sectors of society has resulted in a transformation of people's behaviour towards the conventional pen and paper tools. The adoption of technology has enhanced work and learning performance by adding swiftness in task completion, organisation of working materials and capacity of storage. Despite its popularity and value, technology, is still surpassed, in some domains, by pen and paper. This research aims to explore the advantages and disadvantages of using both computer and paper for reading and writing. The development of an online questionnaire that was administered to university students intended to examine their preferences and behaviours in terms of computer and paper based resources. Through a qualitative content analysis of the questionnaires it was possible to establish patterns of use, personal preferences and establish a connection between computer and paper use that mirrors both competitiveness and complementarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portable Healthcare Clinic (PHC) is a mobile healthcare system comprising of medical sensors and health assessment criteria. It has been applied in Bangladesh for the last two years as a pilot program to identify non-communicable diseases. In this study, we adapted PHC to fit post-disaster conditions. The PHC health assessment criteria are redesigned to deal with emergency cases and healthcare worker insufficiency. A new algorithm makes an initial assessment of age, symptoms, and whether the person is seeing a doctor. These changes will make the turn-around time shorter and will enable reaching the most affected patients better. We tested the operability and turn-around time of the adapted system at the debris flow disaster shelters in Hiroshima, Japan. Changing the PHC health assessment criteria and other solutions such as a list of medicine preparation makes the PHC system switch into an emergency mode more smoothly following a natural disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Metallic & Nonmetallic Materials is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Metallurgy & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper deals with environment-friendly machining technologies, specifically with hard turning and diamond burnishing. Burnishing is a less known method, when we machine the surface of workpiece with a harder tool, without chip. At this technology we use minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) equipment. MQL technology and dry machining belongs to popular methods due to decreased coolant and lubricant fluid using. Experiments focus on the microgeometrical properties (surface roughness) of workpiece, at variation of feed and burnishing force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research results of inks optical constants obtained using the spectral method of attenuated total internal reflection are presented. Ink optical properties are useful for paper documents investigation by the optical coherence microscopy methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a paper converting process where master rolls are transformed to paper sheets with the minimal paper loss, including trim loss, set up loss, and over-production loss. Two different types of cutters are involved in the converting process - one transversal knife and two transversal knife machines. To solve the problem, various types of paper sheets specified by material type, size, and required quantity are grouped into all possible cutting patterns using a heuristic method. Then, a MILP model is proposed to assign cutting patterns to each type of cutter while satisfying the machine capacity constraints. Applying the methodology to industrial problems, we found the average total loss of 4.6% for single-product group problems and 3.1% for two-product group problems, which respectively correspond to 25.8% and 41.9% improvement over a current method based on worker experiences used by the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper products are the single biggest component of the municipal solid waste stream, making up 38.1 percent of the material landfilled in the United States and growing in other regions of the world. Effective paper recycling efforts can help conserve natural resources, preserve biological diversity, and reduce the requirement for landfill space. Although recycled paper cannot completely replace paper made from new wood pulp, reducing the consumption of trees has other environmental benefits. Relatively large volumes of solid waste are generated during paper production. They consist mainly of paper rejects and sludge which originates from different mechanical, chemical and biological effluent treatments and from de-inking processes. Furthermore paper recycling provides beneficial economic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One solution in preventing the global warming issue is reducing the quantity of the use of paper, for example we can replace a physical book with electronic book (e-book). Some of books that often bought by customers in Indonesia are SNMPTN (Seleksi Nasional Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri) exam exercise books. We can change these books with interactive application (software) that will be installed on user's device like PC, smartphone, or tablet PC. Indirectly, it will reduce the quantity of paper using. In this document, we will describe a design of application system. This application will be used by candidate of SNMPTN written exam participant to simulate their exam. This application will be run on Android device. The name of this application is aSNMPTN (Application for SNMPTN). The contents of the exam for this application will be filled by informal tutoring institution (lembaga bimbingan belajar/bimbel). We will also design a supporting web-based application that will be used by bimbel to create the contents. aSNMPTN can communicate with this supporting application via internet. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A large quantity of research into the use of vegetable oils as transformer dielectrics has been performed over the years. Together with over ten years of practical experience, vegetable oil based dielectrics have been demonstrated to be effective for use within a transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We present a summary of the recent results obtained with the “G-Pisa” laser gyroscope prototype in the field of rotational metrology. The experimental apparatus consists in an He-Ne laser having a planar square cavity 1.35 m in side that can be operated both in the vertical and in the horizontal plane. For about one year, the ring laser has been utilized by the Virgo gravitational wave interferometer with the aim of estimating and monitoring the local rotational noise which is degrading the performances of its inertial suspensions. Results in the field of environmental monitoring for the improvement of the suspension control as well as the results in the field of rotational seismology are presented. In the last part of the paper we present some considerations about the possibility of performing a ground-based General Relativity test using an array of ring lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Paper is about mathematical interpretation of transformer insulation system. Base of this system is composed by two elements oil and paper. We need to simulate this system for more precisely results from measurement. Section three describes how to calculate relaxation currents and how that currents are generated. So we are able to compare measured and computed values and deduce actual condition of this insulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this paper is to simulate an accelerated ageing of paper and high density pressboard type B.3.1 in three different liquids (mineral oil MO, natural ester VO and synthetic ester SE) for different periods of ageing at 130°C. The materials were aged in sealed vessels under two different atmospheres: air and nitrogen gaps. The effects of aging on physicochemical properties of oil and cellulose are analyzed and compared. It is shown that ageing rate of pressboard and paper are comparable in each type of oil. Nevertheless, it can be underlined that cellulosic materials are less affected after aging in ester oils evidencing a higher degree of polymerization (DPv). The use of 2-FAL in ester oils remains questionable. The reduction of oxygen content in mineral oil minimizes ageing of oil more than solid insulating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment (LHCb) is a single-arm forward spectrometer dedicated to the study of B-meson decays in p - p collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHCb detector has excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities. The LHCb Silicon Tracker (ST) is composed of two silicon micro-strip detectors with long readout strips. The performance of these two detectors with the first high energy p - p collisions are presented here. A detailed study of the detectors intrinsic resolution and efficiency has been performed along with precise time alignment using collision data. The latest Silicon Tracker performance results and comparison to expectations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we study the preservation of Lyapunov functions in the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations. By means of a continuous extension and a projection technique we extend the technique proposed by Grimm and Quispel (BIT 45, 2005), so that it can be applied to other families Runge—Kutta methods such as the well known Dormand and Prince 5(4) pair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-top interface (PTI) is a fusion of paper and digital technology. We developed a PTI prototype system for increasing learning effects in a classroom. The prototype system uses a visual-marker-based AR (Augmented Reality) technique and projects e-Learning materials onto the corresponding papers on a classroom desk. A student is allowed to not only view e-Learning materials under his/her eyes but also write on the papers (pages of his/per notebook) using pencils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to develop the principle aspects of the cost accounting procedure in the tourist enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft plate-like membranes find application e.g. as pill or paper coatings, bio-filter membranes, and gas seals in food products. For these applications the integrity and the mechanical properties of the membrane are important. Mechanical properties of these products can be determined by stretching or bending tests, but such methods can damage these fragile products. We propose a rapid nondestructive acoustic method to estimate mechanical film characteristics with shear horizontal (in-plane shear) waves. A 23 kHz, 1-cycle square signal was excited into a thin foil with a piezoceramic pickup and received with an inductive pickup. The SNR (power) was 20 dB in 1 kHz –50 kHz bandwidth. This actuation-detection scheme can be used to excite in-plane longitudinal, shear and even elliptic waves in a thin foil. The method was validated by measuring in-plane shear wave and longitudinal wave time-of-flight TOF at different actuator-receiver separations and calculating the corresponding longitudinal and shear modulus. The samples were Mylar® sheet and coated paper. The anisotropy of MOE for Mylar sheet was close to the manufacturer specifications. For coated paper a maximum shear modulus anisotropy of 5% and a shear modulus dependence on temperature of 0.7 MPa/°C were found. Laser doppler vibrometry showed that the excited waves were confined in-plane. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]