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In the XXI century, in world's architecture, one of the main trends is the idea of ecology and sustainable development. The benefits of these rules begin to be noticeable in the architectural and urban projects carried out by multinational companies and local everywhere. Currently in Warsaw's most visible trend in the certification service facilitie, but the environment-friendly ideas can also be seen in projects of residential areas. An example of this type of solution is Wilanów Town. This residential complex covers an area of approximately 170 hectares and is located in the outer zone of Warsaw. In the 90s of the twentieth century, Guy Perry - an franco-american architect and urbanist - has developed general guidelines and strategy for the development of this area. The concept of the Wilanów Town is the result of an open, national, urban competition in 1996. Its main aim was to create a garden-city, at the same time preserving the traditional architectural and urban form of a small city within a city. The whole project emphasize the historical, nartural values and composition of Wilanów and its neighborhood. Wilanow Town has received several international prestigious awards. However, during construction of the residential area occurred complex problems. Gained experience can serve as inspiration for other projects of housing estates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The applicability to different environment of a proposed path loss model comprising three propagation paths with low antenna height in a residential area is studied. Measurement results show that our model can accurately predict path loss in different building situation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Water design is the most charm factor in the residential area landscape, which makes our living space morphology and physical form have personality and characteristics. And the climatic characteristics and finite water resource in northern cities decided the specific environmental condition of waterscape design. This paper aimed at the overview of the existing water designs and climatic characteristics, use the methods of field survey and system optimization to analysis the factors and functions which restrict northern cities, especially put forward beneficial suggestions and plan plot aimed the problems that water lack and waterscape design in northern cities, then put forward amount water perform and participation principle which designs should followed, pay attention to ecological environment, carry forward regional features of northern cities, building imagery design of northern cities waterscape design, carry forward corresponding solve methods that characteristics solid waterscape design in northern cities, using various design technique to form waterscape characteristics in northern cities, make the northern cities region full play the charm of ice and snow landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In developing countries solid waste components are generally commingled. Sorting of solid waste is one of the most important activity in the material recovering process of the integrated solid waste management system. If solid waste is sorted about 30% of the work is done. The work presented in this paper involved a comparative study of solid waste source segregation in tertiary institution and residential areas in Nigeria using Benin metropolis as a case study. A Site-Specific study was carried out to characterize the solid waste generated in the University of Benin and residential areas in Benin metropolis. Alternative concepts for sorting of solid waste were considered. Source sorting was then selected and applied in the classroom and residential area of Benin metropolis. The study showed that about 60.87% of the households studied attained 100% source segregation of food waste, 34.78% attained 100% source segregation of plastic waste and non attained 100% source segregation of other-waste (paper, metal etc.) during the period of the study. In contrast 100% source segregation was not attained in any of the waste-bin used in the classroom and office area of the University of Benin. The study therefore revealed that intensive education of the generators on the benefits of source segregation is required on campus and granting of discount on the disposal service charges will result in huge success in the residential areas in Benin metropolis and cities with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional conflict and the inequality are important problems in post industrial democratic societies. Even in United States, the gap between "Red America" and "Blue America" has become large topics in national elections and informal social relations are important in society. The purpose of this study is to clarify the association between human relationships with influential people (relational resource) and participation behaviors by statistical analysis of survey data in Korea and Japan. There are some differences about participation behaviors and relational resources between Korea and Japan, and there are also differences between urban and rural areas in each countries. Korean people participate in many activities more than Japanese. Japanese have many informal relations with influential people than Korean. In rural area relatively many people have relational resources. This phenomenon is the result of large social changes in Korea and Japan. About the results of logistic regressions, relational resources related with the participations in both countries. Hypothesis of relational resource is supported. There are some other variables related with participations. Authoritarian attitude, political efficacy, and preference of redistribution policy have effects to participations. The mechanisms of participations are different between residential areas in Korea and Japan. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]