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Background: As cultural norms have come to prescribe involved, nurturing fathering, U.S. child welfare agencies have placed greater emphasis on including fathers in casework practice. With this, researchers have explored the impacts of involving fathers and have begun to identify factors that impact agency efforts to involve fathers. Race-ethnic inequality and bias are not among factors studied, despite evidence that racial-ethnic minority children make up a disproportionate share of the population of children in foster care. Objective: We set out to identify race-ethnic patterns in initial casework activity with nonresident fathers. Participants and Setting: Caseworkers of 1,631 children in foster care in four U.S. states were surveyed. Methods: Logistic regression analyses examine factors associated with whether agencies identified, located, and contacted nonresident fathers. Results: Black and Latino fathers were less likely to be contacted in multiple U.S. states, relative to White nonresident fathers. Fathers' international geographic mobility reduced differentials in contact to nonsignificance for Latinx children. Other system, father, and family characteristics were associated with contact, but did not explain racial-ethnic differentials. Conclusion: There likely exist racial-ethnic disproportionalities in nonresident father involvement in U.S. child welfare systems. These are likely brought about by within-system and outside-of-system processes that vary geographically and by race-ethnic group. More recent national data are needed, so that we may better understand racial-ethnic differentials in children's access to social resources and the role of father-system interactions in bringing these about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the world of civic hackers in Taiwan and uncover the mentality of the civic hackers and the dynamics within the community. It addresses questions raised upon changing citizenship in the digital age and the increasingly hybrid organizational traits in political groups. It identifies shift in people's civic identity from being based on citizen duties to being aimed at self-actualizing.

Although parents rate cyberbullying among their top concerns, little is known about how this concern translates to action. In addition, parents are often considered essential to preventing and responding to cyberbullying incidents. With this in mind, this study uses data from focus groups with parents to examine their responses to hypothetical cyberbullying scenarios in which their child is presented as a victim, aggressor, or bystander. We investigate how parents' responses conform to, deviate from, or complicate recommendations and advice from researchers and advocacy organizations. In addition, we compare adolescents' responses to cyberbullying scenarios to see how they converge with or contradict parents' reactions. Results suggest that while parents are concerned about online aggression and are familiar with parenting norms and expectations around cyberbullying, social context and relationships complicate their responses. Children, however, view cyberbullying as normal and believe that parents should not intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]