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The issues of reuse of waste are paid great attention worldwide. An important part of this dynamically developing sector is the applied process technology. Well-known, respected and most commonly used configurations (technological schemes) include processes such as sorting, crushing and separation. However, the possibility of using pneumatic vibration racks has been neglected. The aim of the work is therefore effective application of pneumatic vibration rack for separation of materials in recycling technologies and verification of the gravity concentration theory on the racks using high speed scanning process. The first results have shown that it is possible to obtain quality concentrates of copper and aluminium wires of substantial purity. This condition is among the most important parameters for the effective application of devices in industrial production lines. Using the footage from high-speed cameras, evaluated by the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) non-destructive method, the movement of the separated material on the vibration racks, its interaction and speed of the particles was described in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this small scale study the possibility of numerical analysis of direct punch velocity is investigated. The aim was to distinguish the level of training of the participants based on the numerical analysis. The measuring devices are described and experiment designed. Different methods of data analysis are proposed and examined. The results are summarized and compared. Promising trends are highlighted. It is concluded that some aspect of the numerical analysis seem promising for future use for level of training classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a research on designing and processing an audio-visual speech database for an automatic Russian speech recognition system using Oktava MK-012 microphone and JAI Pulnix RMC-6740GE high-speed camera (200 frames per second). Developed audio-visual speech recording system is described, it provides synchronization and fusion of audio and video data recorded by the independent sensors. The system automatically detects voice activity in audio signal and stores only speech fragments discarding non-informative signals. Also it takes into account and processes natural asynchrony of both speech modalities. Methods for feature extraction of acoustic (based on Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) and visual speech (pixel-based features of mouth region) and multimodal data temporal segmentation (by forced alignment) are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As we known the vision system plays a very important role for people. Eye movements are an important part of human`s vision system. Scientists have studied fixational eye movements for many years, and the importance of fixational eye movements has been experimentally demonstrated. However, fixational eye movements have not been explained clearly because of the technical problems associated with experimentation. To measure these eye movements, we developed a new eye movement measurement device that offers sufficient accuracy. The device can detect rotation in three degrees of freedom and is also less-invasive. We discovered several new characteristics of fixational eye movement by using the device. The first new finding of our study is the occurrence of fixational eye movements associated with rotation around the optical axis. The second finding is that we observed is an impulse-like movement behaviour that occurs generally in the horizontal direction. Our other new findings include the following: most microsaccade tracks are curve lines, and microsaccades of rotation in three degrees of freedom always occur at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we propose a measuring method of the sound field from high-speed movie of dust. The movements of dust in the sound field are affected by the sound vibration. We observe the dust using high-speed cameras. The movie is recorded by one high-speed camera in order to get the information of 2-D sound field and two high-speed cameras for 3-D. The influence of air current is reduced from the movement of dust so that the sound field information is extracted. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective to observe the sound field especially composed of low frequency components. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Fine spherical polystyrene beads (NaRiKa, D20-1406-01, industrial materials of styrene form) are useful for frictionless demonstrations of dynamics and kinematics. Sawamoto et al. have developed the method of demonstrations using the plastic beads onto a glass board. These fine beads (the average of the diameter is 280 μm and the standard deviation of the diameter is 56 μm) function as ball bearings to reduce the friction between a moving object, glass Petri dish, and the surface of the glass board. The beads that are charged stick onto the glass board by static electricity, and arrange themselves at intervals. The movement characteristic of a Petri dish that moves on the fine polystyrene beads that adhere onto the glass board is shown by video analysis using a USB camera and a high-speed camera (CASIO, EX-F1). The movement of the Petri dish on the fine polystyrene beads onto the glass board is good linearity, but the friction of the beads is not too small. The high-speed video showed that only a small number of beads behind the bottom of the Petri dish supported the Petri dish. The number of the beads that supported the Petri dish that caused the friction is about 0.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is required that the tumor site is coagulated less invasively and more efficiently, and HIFU treatment combined with microbubbles is investigated here. Microbubbles have a potential to enhance the heating effect in the ultrasound field. In this study, the relationship between the thermal effect and the behavior of microbubbles is analyzed. The temperature rise at the focal region was measured by a thermocouple, and the bubble behavior was simultaneously observed with a high-speed camera. The ultrasound frequency was 2.2 MHz and the intensity was 1000 – 5000 W/cm2. This time Levovist®, one of the contrast agents, was used as microbubbles, and the initial void fraction (the ratio of total gas volume to liquid) around the focal region was 0, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 and 10-2%. The temperature rise became larger as the intensity of ultrasound and the void fraction increased. Comparing the data of the thermocouple with the photographs taken by the camera, the temperature rise became large as the bubbles were violently generated. When the ratio of heat energy to input acoustic energy for first 1 second irradiation is considered, the ratio mainly depends on the initial void fraction, and it becomes larger as the void fraction increases. On the other hand, when the ratio for 30 seconds is considered, it becomes smaller as the intensity of ultrasound increases. It is indicated that this is because resonance size of bubbles decrease during HIFU irradiation, for example, the microbubbles may break up or dissolve in water, or the bubbles grow too larger by the effect of rectified diffusion or coalescence. It is very important to consider the relationship between the thermal effect and the behavior of bubbles in the ultrasound field in order to control the heating effect of microbubbles and realize microbubble-enhanced HIFU treatment. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]