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As nature-based solutions (NbS) are implemented more widely, it is essential to be clear in the definition of NbS and understand the performance of the various approaches. The focus on this paper is on coastal NbS, which involve using natural features to offer or improve coastal protection while producing additional economic, environmental and social benefits. There is a broad range of solutions, spanning the creation of large expanses of habitats, hybrids of habitats and harder engineered structures, and ecological enhancements of existing infrastructure. The performance of these different approaches varies widely, and not all NbS are low cost or self-maintaining. In many instances, the capacity for sedimentary habitats to self-maintain will depend on sediment availability, a factor that needs to be considered in the whole-life costs of these approaches. The incorporation of habitat components can, however, bring multiple benefits for both nature and people. Implemented correctly, coastal NbS therefore have the potential to be 'no regret' solutions in many locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the use of blue belts as a means of restricting development on floodplains in Great Britain. Changing weather patterns caused by global warming mean that fluvial flooding is set to become an increasing feature of life in the country. It is thus vital to restrict certain types of development on land at risk from flooding--and in some cases ban development altogether. A statutory development control aid called blue belt could fulfil this role. Blue belt would control development for the good of people and the environment--but in floodplains and other land at risk from flooding.