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The financial risks have appeared since the beginnings of trade relations. While the step up where they were recognized, limited and checked differed greatly. Financial losses endured by internationally famous companies, due to inadequate Risk Management activities and especially highly publicized, have raised awareness by managers of growing importance to risk management In the economic and financial life, the risk is an element of any activity, being exposed in the agenda of company managers. Unforeseeable changes in the interest rate development, the cost of a good or of the exchange rate affects not only the financial effects of an enterprise, but can cause its bankruptcy as well. Financial decisions are made depending on cash flows of contracts foreseen to come, that through excellence are unsafe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage sags are responsible for nuisance process trips in modern automated industrial facilities, thereby resulting huge financial losses to customers. Therefore, both utility as well as customers are having greater concerns for the improvement in power quality. Electrical utilities are aware that any level of customer voltage sag quality is achievable through the use of mitigation devices such as dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) and UPS. However, at some point the costs cannot be economically justified and must be balanced with the needs of end-users and the value of the service to them. Therefore, options for improving the voltage sag performance of the supply system should be considered for these facilities based on traditional engineering economic principles. Chemical manufacturing process is very vulnerable to voltage sags. This paper describes the importance of the voltage sag problem in such plant and possible mitigation methods. In this paper a cost benefit analysis of voltage sag mitigation method is described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]