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Bangka, which was once one of the greatest tin-producing islands in the world, has a unique heritage building. It is a two-floor house owned by a Chinese captain and managed by its descendant which is built more than 100 years ago, the only remaining of its kind in Pangkalpinang, a city on Bangka island. The house was planned to be renovated and its condition is very poor. The study provides insight into heritage conservation in which the owner descendant is directly involved in the project. Maintaining the house is not an easy task for the descendant of the Lay family. The cost of keeping the building to its finest condition is not cheap or selling the sizable land behind this house is also not easy if it doesn't include this historic house. The solution was finally solved by continuing to use this old house as an important part of the attraction for the new hotel to be built rear of the house. The project is following sustainable preservation principles, starting with tracing the history of this building, re-data collection, and try the best method for the preservation. The good practice is achieved by being able to renovate the main building of the house back to its original condition and utilize the building at the back that functions as a gallery and restaurant. Planning the new development and still keep the old house proved successful in which can be a memory for the Lay family as well as the cultural history of Pangkalpinang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The near-term prospects for the spatial evolution of manned orbital stations are considered. In the context of the patterns of spatial evolution of terrestrial structures created by humans throughout the history of civilization, the concept of spatial evolution of perspective layouts in the form of orthogonal structures is formulated and substantiated. Basic evolution schemes are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Karbala w distinguished by its ancient history and civilization, as it played an essential economic and commercial role in addition to its well-known cultural and religious place throughout different ages; this generated its need for many related functional buildings. As a result, markets and khanate have appeared, where they were geographically distributed between the center of the old city and between the external roads within the paths of merchants, travelers, and pilgrims, that were called khans of caravans. The historical evidence and literary references of the pre-Islamic period did not provide us with tangible evidence of the establishment of commercial facilities that served as khans in Karbala except in the Islamic era. The research will address the architecture of the external road khans or the so-called caravans' khans in Karbala, which emerged in the Ottoman era, to clarify the specificity of architectural thought in forming studied design and planning elements with specific functions. Thus, there was a focus on the architectural characteristics and the formal relation of the formative thought of architecture of caravans' khans. The problem was determined with the absence of a clear conception of the nature of the formative relations and the architectural elements that make up the buildings of caravans' khans in Karbala. Therefore, the research aims to clarify the nature of the formative relations and the shape and type of the architectural elements that make up these buildings. The research concluded that the architecture of the caravans' khans in Karbala represented a formative phenomenon, that shared the planning and urban aspects, where they were typical buildings based on the functional aspect (stations for travelers' rest). Most of caravans' khans shared a formative pattern close to the quadrilateral and have same architectural elements (The Iowan, the courtyard, the hallway, the entrance and the main door, the domes, the arches, the fence, and the towers) as basic elements that distinguish this functional building and featured by a united style in terms of the formative thought. This indicates the presence of a unifying ideal for the architectural thought of buildings with specified functional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the communication of advertisements of three international beer brands, Czech, Polish, and German. The article aims to describe the ways of advertising communication of the selected brands and to outline the creation of cultural stereotypes. In the introduction of the article, the topic of communication is set in a broader framework of time and content, and the brands are historically introduced and placed in a broader context. This is followed by a review of the literature selection on the topic, a description of the theoretical grasp of the research investigation, an explanation of terminological concepts and a list of the methods used. The verbal investigation examines how advertising messages and stereotyping are approached in Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland, and, both verbal and non-verbal, i.e., which aspects in the creation of cultural stereotypes are common and which are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isabelle Collombat boldly termed the 21st century as the "Age of Retranslation." Translators generally desire to make useful contribution to cultural history of their country. Retranslation is not a new phenomenon. As a text becomes historical, triggers for more retranslations are activated. Focus of investigation shifted from the product to process. Market dynamics and reception by Target Language (T. L.) audience in digital environment assume significance here. Quality of retranslated text determines its longevity. Venuti (2004) opines that retranslation is creation of values. According to him there are three approaches to the process viz "research on translator's agency, intertextual studies and historical studies." Intertextuality may be construed as an abstract or specific relationship between S. L. text and texts created in T. L. and study of translated texts in a specific language (T. L). For my study, I chose descriptive translation mode with focus on translation process and translation products. I contacted practicing translators to seek their views on intertextuality and process of translation of literary texts. While 20% of them preferred providing footnotes and glossary, 60% felt that one should devise one's own means to communicate through the text either by explication or by offering meaningful data and 20% informed that they are not aware of intricacies of these aspects. They all agreed that support of technology is vital. I shared a questionnaire encompassing retranslation, intertextuality and process of translation with more translators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National park Sumava is one of the most beautiful natural parts of the Czech Republic within which there is also a part defined as Landscape Protected Area Sumava. This area boasts of 80% forest cover and is protected against human activities, especially new buildings. This area is very interesting for its natural values but also for its cultural and history values. The landscape of Sumava forest has changed during historical development, especially in the frontier zone that is the main topic of this article. The aim of this presentation is to introduce selected defunct settlements in the frontier zone of Sumava. It also presents the history, character of this defunct settlements, and the reason why the settlements ceased to exist. One of the main aims is to find the signs of these defunct settlements. How do they manifest themselves in landscape of Sumava today? How can we identify them? The archive maps such as the second military maps and maps of the stable cadastre were used for processing. These maps are compared with aerial photographs from the 1950s and the present. Another way how to find the signs of defunct settlements are photographs of the present condition. The article researches the selected defunct settlements with the aid of various sources. The article provides a new view of changed forest landscape that has a spirit of history. There are extant buildings or the rest of the buildings and composed landscape traces, such as long strips of green vegetation for the division of the estate, roads with attended green vegetation. These composed landscape traces jointly form the character of landscape and they keep the historical perception up to now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is interested qualities to foster entrepreneurship when comparing different cultures. Sample of 126 business students from Finland, Lithuania and USA answered the questionnaire which focused identifying qualities required to start a business. Results indicated some statistically significant differences between the countries indicating different emphasizes needed for starting the business. Lithuanian people would need Self-Esteem and Team to Build Up the Business, and both Lithuanian and US people Decisiveness if becoming entrepreneurs. Results are discussed in relation of cultural history and differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is nowadays a renewed interest in the scholarship of migration to identify the determinants of migration decision making. Albeit with different terms, most of the research theorizes migration as resulting from circumstances, opportunities and practices. This paper suggests shifting attention to how people "read" and navigate circumstances and opportunities, which may result in practices, from a microsociological and culture orientated perspective. Drawing on various strands of literature, i.e. cultures of migration, neoliberal subjectivity and conceptions of modernity, this paper explores the ways in which culture "enters" peoples' lives. The example of Polish migration to Germany, due to its long-standing tradition of migration and post-socialist transition to Western capitalism, is particularly telling for an examination of the ways in which cultural meanings of migration shape peoples' conceptions of subjectivity and life course considerations. Challenging reductionist conceptions of migrants' subjectivity, the analysis reveals that people do not mechanically respond to structures, nor is their migration solely determined by material aspects, even if people commonly refer to "economic" motifs as the driving reasons. Instead, as a legacy of the cultural history a particular frame of reference has emerged, through which migration is assessed in relation to expectations of a normal life, inasmuch as to becoming normal through migration. In doing so, this paper provides a more nuanced understanding of migrants' subjectivity by illustrating that people's rationality is shaped by socially accepted life-making options and their interrelations with hegemonic concepts of subjectivity, which reflect local and international trends related to migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, Russia has always had a geostrategic interest in the Balkans, and the constant pursuit of its presence oi the Balkans is also largely motivated by the religion common for several Balkan nations and culturalhistorical ties. Hence, Orthodox instrumentalization has been and still remains one of the important companions of Russian geopolitics in the Balkans. Today, among several active institutions of Russian soft power, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) is undoubtedly a mechanism for creating the image of Russia worldwide, including the Balkan region. In contemporary geopolitical researches, a dilemma is raised whether we can speak of any religion-related geopolitics, since until recently, geopolitics has been perceived as a purely secular realm. The dominance of the secularity principle in the analysis of international relations has been weakened by the processes of religious resurgence and a series of terrorist acts motivated by religious extremism. These developments have sparked special interest in the role of religion in the international affairs. Consequently, the active involvement of religious organizations, as non-state actors in the geopolitical strategies of the states, cannot escape the focus of researchers concentrated on international political processes. In this sense, one group of authors support the opinion that religion cannot be considered as a game changer which can offer a fundamental vision about international relations. Another group considers religion (especially the orthodox one) as a source of national ideology and collective legitimatization that can potentially create a geopolitical vision. In this context, referring to Russian geopolitics, it is impossible to underestimate the ROC and its role granted by Russian foreign policy, to achieve purely secular goals, also including in the Balkans. Since the ROC has been perceived by a series of geopolitical analysts as a paradigmatic instrument for spreading the soft power of Russia throughout the world, it should be mentioned that the very ROC is closely related to other organizational forms (which will be analyzed in this paper), that serve the Russian state for similar purposes, and as such they act in the Balkans as well, listing here the Russky Mir Foundation, in particular the Foundation for the Unity of Orthodox Christian Nations. The Fund is accused of being an undercover project under the "disguise" of the ROC dealing with intelligence, propaganda and subversive activity thus intensifying Russian presence in the Balkans. Hence, the aim of this paper is to understand the way in which the geopolitical agenda of ROC and other affiliated organizations may be covered by the diplomacy of the Russian state, in order to achieve geopolitical influence of the predominantly Orthodox Balkans, through determination of intriguing parallels between the secular geopolitics of Russia, on the one side and the ecclesiastic geopolitics of ROC, as a phenomenon similar to Russian secular geopolitics, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the transformation of written congratulations etiquette happening in early XXst-century Russian culture. We are using an example of the etiquette of written greetings to highlight the changing aspects of this etiquette situation (spatial and temporal characteristics; actors and their status roles; communication media; communication objectives; etiquette attributes). We argue that etiquette as a normative system is developed cumulatively, while undergoing a number of communicative transformations regarding the concrete elements of written congratulation situation: a rising importance of communication channels, a transformation of communication objectives, an increased attention to a formal side of etiquette attributes, etc. At the same time, the greeting card is transformed both in its content (which today includes many new festive events and dates) and in its form, which becomes much more diverse in structure, color palette, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is the new opera by Sergei Slonimsky, King Lear, based on the Shakespeare's tragedy (in Boris Pasternak's translation adopted by the composer himself as a libretto). The opera premiered in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg in 2016. Using this opera as a case study of Shakespeare's adaptation to music, we utilize it to better understand the development trajectory of contemporary Russian musical theater. The goal of this article is to highlight timeless philosophical and cultural meanings of King Lear opera through culturological approach. We explore the history of King Lear musical adaptations in Russian and global tradition; the approach taken by Sergei Slonimsky; the use of Renaissance and Baroque musical style within the contemporary musical trends; and the interpretation of the main characters of the opera (King Lear, Cordelia, Fool). We come to the conclusion that the new opera synthesizes techniques of high and mass culture, thus allowing the composer to translate timeless philosophical meanings of Shakespeare's tragedy into music in a rich and powerful way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the analysis of the short films included in the competition program of the 28th 'Kinotavr' Open Festival of Russian Cinema in 2017. Young Russian cinema is almost entirely concerned with the present, which is everywhere: in the filmmakers' age; in the cinematic themes, which, as a rule, avoids the past; in a new accelerating tempo; and in the grappling with the challenges of modern culture. In the films we explore here, modernity is complicated, uncertain, unpredictable, and full of new risks. The directors offer different strategies for dealing with the challenges: absurdization, mythologization, open-ended aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an early Soviet version of the critique of the industrial culture, based on the works by Alexander Bogdanov and George Gurdjieff. Bogdanov's analysis of Taylorism is explored within the context of the development of the concept of 'proletarian culture'. Terminological apparatus of George Gurdjieff's theory is described as a form of radical criticism of the early XXth-century culture. We also highlight the place of the 'man-machine' metaphor within the intellectual life of the post-revolutionary Soviet Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the possibility of establishing cultural dialogue through the axiological codes of musical genres. Genre here is defined as a worldview and as a component of the world-picture that carries axiological codes. The methodology used here combines culturological, axiological, world-image, and comparative approaches. As a result, we have developed the samples of the typological and national models of the value world-picture based on genre axiological codes. The key conclusions are: it is possible to construct a musical genre world-picture, which reflects the hierarchy of values in the world pictures of different types, and to promote the genre-value world-picture facilitating cultural dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is the culturogenesis of the historical turns, which the author defines as the 'shifts in history', that is, the sharp, seemingly unexpected changes in the vectors of historical development. Historical turns are usually associated with the changes in political system or political development that induce radical transformations in the lifestyle, economic makeup, economic and international situation of the country, ideology and mentality of the society. These complex sociocultural transformations lead to the emergence of global internally contradictory hybrid culturogeneses that become the basis for international unions and alliances, as well as for local and global conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the ways of how the sample rising powers conduct their humanitarian diplomacy are analyzed since there is heterogeneity such in the other fields of foreign policy implementations. Rising powers' foreign policies and their soft power tools are a debatable issue in general. However, this study goes into much detail within the scope of humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarian aid as a part of it. The case study includes the sample countries which are Turkey, Brazil and China. The official reports, official foreign policies and their implementations are considered in the analysis. Turkey's perception on humanitarian issues is based on the idea of humanity and international responsibility with its historical and cultural history. Brazil's focus on humanitarian issues is mostly related to both its foreign policies and multilateralism tendencies. China has deep philosophical thoughts and some long-term goals. Even the policies of case countries seem in this way in principle and humanitarian issues are universally accepted issues, when the implementations are analyzed, there are some differences that inhibit us to reach a general conclusion and prove the heterogeneity in the practices. Thus, this study is an important contribution for such privatized diplomacy theme regarding the sample rising powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Issues In Research of Literature & Culture: Conference Proceedings Volume / Aktuālas Problēmas Literatūras un Kultūras Pētniecībā is the property of Liepaja University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores Anatheism as a pedagogically justifiable theory for teaching our learners how to acquire new memories about life- and worldview diversity, as well as religious diversity, and also how to accompany each other so that whosoever wants to, may return home to a more credible God after they might have started to doubt the credibility of their original faith. It demonstrates how Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) can be used to teach the tenets of Anatheism in order to help learners transform such religious doubts and memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the problems of acculturation between the ancient Turks and the Eastern Slavs until the time of adoption of Christianity by the Slavs, that is, until 988 AD. In addition, article considers Pagan ideological paradigms between analyzed ethnos, which were equipolar, but were not identical. This process continued until there was a sharp turn in their destiny and history - orientation to new sacral systems that began in 988 under Vladimir I. Although the ancient Turkic tribes continued to be in the bosom of dual Tengriism, and in the mentality of the Eastern Slavs pagan beliefs were preserved in the form of rudiments up to the XIII century and in later times in the form of prejudices. With the change of ideological paradigms, the relations between the peoples under study have shifted to the opposition state. This is evidenced by the ancient Russian annals and isolated inscriptions of ancient Turks, which indicate to these relations between the Slavs and the Polovtsians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentality is one of the most significant characteristics of each nation, and the authors prove it in their article. There is no agreement among scientists about the essence and nature of national character. Different researches study the problem of the national character by different ways. Every person is a part of a class, religious community, ethnos, state and some other community. The realization that different nations differ from each other with "its traits of a soul", happens in a cultural history fairly early and it's due to archetypal dichotomy "friend-or-foe". Mentality is a dominant constant of national existence. A national character can be defined not through qualities and traits of individual, but through qualities and traits of a whole ethnical community. Mentality is connected with the interests of special social groups and has an influence on conceptualization of events of a political, economic and socio-cultural character. And today, against a background of processes of globalization and integration it's especially important to point out this fact. We use a comparative method in our investigation as we compare different approaches to the following problem. Also we use systematical method as it helps to produce the analysis of the problem from different points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper explores representation of Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) Hula Dance representation in traditional systems of representation and organization. The paper found baises and diasportization of representation of Hawaiian Culture. Study emphasizes the need to recognize the 'inherent beauty in how and why Indigenous people express and fulfill their desire to learn, preserve, organize, and share knowledge' (Metoyer & Doyle, , p. 475) and advocates a decolonizing methodology to promote alternative information structures in Indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany is experiencing a current migration crisis which is reflected by the fact that between two and three thousand migrants come there every day. Their inclusion in society is impossible without responsible education and sensitization to German cultural and social conditions. This paper will deal with current techniques and approaches Germans elect when educating and integrating these citizens. Selected issues on integration policies of migrants into the German labor market will be presented. I will come out of two central characters of the current integration policy in Germany, which are language and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Hungary, after World War II, a democratic political system was tried to be built. This change meant in the field of culture and education, the society was given the opportunity to self-organisation and self-activity. That was the era of Free-Culture. Earlier, between the two world wars, in the era of the adult education and general education was controlled centrally. Cultural programs were primarily organised by state organs and functionaries. After 1945, however, society took it over. Even in the smallest villages, social associations were established, which had general education, and adult education activities tailored to the local inhabitants' interests and demands. Certain coordination was also required in the field of cultural life for the sake of program harmonisation, hiring performers and presenters, ensuring appropriate standard of various training forms, and the allocation of available financial resources. This function was fulfilled by a dual institution system, i.e. a state and a social organisation, in close co-operation. The Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs nominated free-cultural officials in each county, village, town, and city to ensure the required co-ordination and quality control. But in addition to them, in the counties, villages, towns, and cities, there were free-cultural councils set up from elected persons operating, which represented the local inhabitants' endeavours. At national level, the councils' work was synchronised by the National Free-Cultural Council, which was an independent, non-governmental organisation. The new system made it possible to create manifold, effervescent cultural life with the active participation of the inhabitants, and to have the option of having some form of general education and adult education even in the smallest village. A few years later, after 1949, political democracy was replaced by communist dictatorship, what went hand in hand with the transformation of cultural life, as well as the introduction of centralised management and control of culture and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University / Daugavpils Universitates Starptautiskas Zinatniskas Konferences Materiali is the property of Daugavpils University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the progress registered by the Romanian political culture, the democratic balance remains fragile due to the low participation of citizens to the associative life and political decision, and in the same time, one can't yet rely on the fact that political actors position themselves impersonally towards the formal institutional practice. Romanian democracy frequently encounters challenges coming from the political actors - who tend to adjust the functioning mode of the consecrated democratic institutions and to treat rather personally the institutional processes. Nevertheless, during the past years, the Romanian democracy consumes itself on redefining the mode in which individuals exercise their citizen quality through political participation. Considering all the above, in the last two years, in Romania, we witnessed an increase of the citizens' political participation in the form of protests and ballot absenteeism, in the detriment of other forms of political participation. The protests, as social happenings, are already turning into social practice, although quite late in time, 24 years after the anticommunist Romanian revolution. In addition, the absenteeism is promoted with the occasion of electoral processes both by political and nongovernmental actors and by opinion leaders. Is Romania subscribing to a new European trend in what ballot absenteeism is concerned, while participating to protests? Are these the newest and the most notable elements in the grid of a consolidated democracy? Under what circumstances is the ballot absenteeism corroborated with the participation to protests contributing to the quality of democracy? Are there also other forms of political participation which could determine politicians to accept that the only legitimate preferences within the democratic institutional system are the citizens' and that consequently the governing should be tailored to their interests? The present paper analyses, in a first stage, the nature of political participation, its forms and instruments as well as the efficiency of their relation. Secondly, it aims at presenting a more substantial model for political participation, which could contribute to the change of perception in reference to the success of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consideration of Japan's cultural background, developing a new way of recognizing and using strengths is necessary. The Japanese can learn to benefit from their own strengths in a way that is in harmony with others and maintains good relationships. Therefore, this study proposes the concept of acting in a way that involves using personal strengths for the benefit of other people. Two studies were conducted to test these ideas. Study 1 examined the influence of the frequency with which strengths are used for others on well-being. A total of 257 undergraduate students volunteered to participate in the survey. The results revealed that the frequency with which one uses their strengths for others is positively related to subjective and psychological well-being and a sense of authenticity. In Study 2, we developed a 2-week intervention program to promote the use of strengths for others and examine the effects of the program. A total of 87 graduate and undergraduate students participated in the program, of which 37 were assigned to the experimental group. A 2-way ANOVA was conducted, and the results revealed that the program is effective for developing a better understanding of one's strengths, increasing the use of those strengths for others, and increasing the use of strengths in general. Furthermore, the program is effective for improving well-being, particularly certain aspects such as personal growth, self-acceptance, and positive relationships with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a comparative book reader that supports the scholarly activities deemed most important by cultural history scholars. A filmstrip metaphor allows rapid access to various components of the books. Parallel filmstrips allow comparison among multiple copies of the same title to fill in for missing pages or other maladies, and to study page-level annotations to help in interpreting the content. Playing the filmstrips allow the scholar to search for or discover items of interest by watching the pages of the books flow past. The need for a canonical book and possibly multiple "Frankenbooks" is described and the implementation is given. The architecture of the tool and the programming methodology are also described. The results of a discount usability study are presented along with lessons learned and future directions for improving the comparative book reader. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With the advent of technology, the use of table tennis rackets has become significant in the development and propagation of the sport where it has greatly affected the speed and spin of the ball, style and the level of play. Little has been known about the sandpaper or "Liha" (in Filipino term) rackets by most modern player now, unlike the "Hardbat" which the Americans have popularized. However, both "liha" and hardbat have been popularly played in the Philippines during the American colonization. It has its own humble beginnings and has great influence in the contemporary games of Philippine table tennis. The study aims to explore "Liha" table tennis rackets and its influence in the Philippine table tennis setting. Using a cultural-historical activity theory approach, the researchers have drawn from a widespread database that included published materials, pictures and video transcripts of events, interviews, field notes and texts produced by prominent table tennis personalities and the Table Tennis Association of the Philippines (TATAP). The following data were gathered: I. Popularity - Hardbat and Liha became so popular during the American colony of the Philippines through the efforts of TATAP's first president, the late Senator Sergio Osmena when several world-class players in the likes of Martin Reisman, Richard Bergman and Johnny Leach were invited to play in the 1st Philippine Invitational of Champions in 1952 II. Events conducted - Included in some regional and national table tennis events III. Underground "Liha"- The unrevealed story where it is being kept privately in most areas especially in Cebu City where the late Mr. Sergio Osmena resided IV. Champions produced which started off as Liha players - The late Teofilo Ybanez and current Southeast Asian Champion Richard Gonzales V. Physical fitness for elders at Marikina and Malabon Table Tennis Club in Metro Manila VI. Fiestas-"Liha" events in fiestas; e.g. Sinulog Fiesta of Cebu City -Central Philippines VII. Rules - Modified Rules compared from the ITTF Rules. In conclusion, the game of table tennis using "Liha" rackets has its benefits in the Philippine table tennis scene. The researchers do not wish to propose and inform the table tennis community to include "liha" to its present "rubber" tournaments but rather suggest having it as an added "variant" to be legalized and recognized in table tennis events. It can be played by young and old individuals who do not only want to enjoy the game because of its longer rallies but also to maintain an optimum level of fitness , fun and a "fallback" grounds from the present fast-paced game of table tennis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses political aspects of Irish scholarship as reflected by the publication of articles in the journal and the periodical "Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy." The author discusses how the work of scholars associated with the Royal Irish Academy was influenced by Irish nationalist and anti-nationalist ideology. Scholarly articles focusing on Irish archaeology, antiquities and the history of Irish civilizations are commented on.

Towards the close of the twentieth century, several cases of wholesale ?cleansings? of peoples made it abundantly clear that genocide is not simply an aberration demanding no particular lessons to be learned. Traditionally dominated by historians and theologians, Holocaust and genocide studies has developed into an increasingly interdisciplinary enterprise, with significant contributions by social scientists. This paper reviews the progress so far, focusing on two broad questions. First, I assess the extent to which genocide studies has contributed a distinct set of propositions or explanatory frameworks that builds on, yet differentiates the field from studies of other forms collective violence. I argue that the unique contributions lie primarily in the investigation of the processes facilitating implementation and execution of genocide, and that the field has been less successful in contributing an understanding of the occurrence of genocide. The second part of the paper revolves around one aspect of the reasons for the scarcity of such contributions, namely the failure to achieve a level of agreement on a definition of the problem and the universe of cases to be explained, along with a failure to recognize in research the central message of whatever agreement does exist on the definitional issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The talents of lower social classes received possibility for social ascension, the 1920s and 1930s years in Hungary. So their numbers increased in the hungarian colleges and universities. The research is looking for answers, how treated this process the institutions, and the government's cultural policy. While the State advocated that the process, from nation education aspect, the most representatives of universities feared this. They were who thought, it's abnormal process. Others believed the talents of lower social classes have not proper family background. The intensifying inclination of social ascension collided with protectors of the elite's positions between the two world wars in Hungary. Summary of this process partially took place at the Higher Education Congress in 1936. One of the basic idea of the hungarian cultural policy was direction of national education. In contrast many professor thought, that the university fundamental purpose of scientific research, and do not the moral education of students. They thought necessary the selection of the high school, so only the appropriate pupils reapplication into the universities. Since the hungarian peasantry had not material background, hence the goverment of Hungary's society and national policy supported the social and cultural rise of Them. So everybody,- who spoke widening against of the higher education - against consisted with the government objectives. Unfortunately the defenders of science obstructed the social evolution, however the government policies exclusivist was against the Jews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the mobilizations of the populist right, there are four moments that must be considered, 1) the cultural history of the United States that has disposed populist mobilization, 2) the specific crises of capitalism and challenges to the status privileges previously held by most populists, 3) the explanations and justifications that constitute the ideological frameworks that explain reality, provide reasons that people face adversity, and offer remedies to alleviate the causes of their malaise which often means eliminating the "enemies" that have been responsible. Finally, we need to also understand the depth psychology behind, or should we say beneath such mobilizations. At this point we might note several psychological traditions and research agendas that inform our understanding. Authoritarianism usually translates into the extolling and admiration of authority from above and the willingness to submit to that authority. Conversely the authoritarian demands obedience and supplication from those below -- such people tend to be inferior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes answers to the dilemma of cultural ownership in the digital age - copyright - through history and theory. First it places music video remakes on YouTube in the context of music video history, then it discusses the cultural significance of music video remakes, i.e. what they say about this moment in history. It then discusses some of the consequences of copyrigh policy on the videos. Finally it attempts a fair use argument as a way incorporate the history and meanings of this form into actionable policy and practice; nearly all fan-produced remakes transform their source material by remaking and re-imagining corporate images, providing a legal justification for a genre of media predicated on pastiche, sharing and multiple interpretations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]