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This research aims to investigate the effect of varying surrounding conditions on the degradation of biobased polymers, specifically Nylon-1010. As Nylon-1010 is not biodegradable by itself, starch will be used as a filler or backbone to allow its degradation. The study will build upon existing literature in the field of biopolymer degradation. Previous research has primarily focused on investigating individual factors' influence on degradation, such as temperature or pH. Several studies have also examined the degradation behaviour of specific biopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). However, there is a lack of comprehensive research exploring the combined effects of multiple surrounding conditions on the degradation of Nylon-1010. This study aims to bridge this gap by providing a broader understanding of the degradation process of a novel biopolymer and its dependence on surrounding conditions. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by examining the degradation rates of a starch/Nylon-1010 blend under various environmental factors. The study will be divided into the Background, Methods, Results and Conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study research focussed on the preparation and charactrisaztion of hydrogel film based on poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/caboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with different weight ratio and crosslinked by glutarldehyde for biomedical application. Characterized by using SEM, FTIR, TGA and UTM. SEM and FTIR revealed that good molecular interaction among the PVA and CMC and surface morphology drastically changed as addition of CMC and, also effected on tensile strength of the film, where increased to (6.9 MPa). Moreover rate of thermal degradation behaviour of the hydrogel film decreased with increased CMC. Further swelling study performed under aqueous media, resulted moderate swelling with enhanced the stability of water uptake. Overall results suggest from the study that moderate swelling, good mechanical properties, and molecular interaction of the prepared PVA/CMC hydrogel film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan and Chitosan: PAN blend with different PAN weight ratios (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) were prepared by solution casting method. The structural and mechanical properties for prepared samples were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and strain stress test. The XRD measurements indicate the formation of the blend by the variation of inter-planer distances. Also, the shift in some FTIR bands energy for polysaccharides and reduce their intensities indicate the formation of Chitosan:PAN blend. The largest tensile appeared at 1% PAN ratio. The chitosan/PAN blends were examined their antibacterial activity using the inhibition concentration method. The results show different grades of activity at the different samples. The highest inhibition of the bacteria for Chitosan/PAN blend at a 1% blend ratio. The blend has less effectiveness against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research prepared the polymer blend as a matrix from epoxy resin (EP) mixed with unsaturated polyester resin (UP) by different ratios (10, 20, 40 and 50)% for (EP/UP) Blends, achieve better ratio for impact strength as a function of well toughness; we can observed that the optimum value of this ratio (80:20)% for (EP/UP) blend, reinforced this blend by the magnesium oxide powder MgO by the different weight percentage (0, 4, 8 and 12)% as composite material, the mechanical properties tested (Tensile, Impact, Hardness), and thermal conductivity after and before reinforced. The results showed the increase impact strength and tensile strength after the reinforced but the increase nonlinear where the best value in ratio 8% and also hardness increase after reinforced by MgO also the thermal conductivity decrease after reinforced by the MgO and when increase the ratio of MgO decrease the thermal conductivity increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the recycled polyamide/ polypropylene based composites became important in terms of reducing its environmental impacts. In this study, the effect of carbon powder and glass fiber on the thermomechanical properties of the recycled polyamide 6/recycled polypropylene (rPA6/rPP) composites were investigated. rPA6/rPP granules were fabricated by means of a twin screw extruder. The fabricated rPA6/rPP granules were molded by means of an injection molding machine. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of heat deflection temperature (HDT) test. It is seen that thermal stability of the composites is very effective in increasing with the reinforcement of carbon powder and glass fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, immiscible blends of 75 wt% polylactide (PLA) with 25 wt% of poly[(butylene adipate)-co-ter-ephthalate] (PBAT) were prepared through an injection-molding (IM) process as well as a twin-screw extruder (TSE) followed by IM. An amorphous and a semi-crystalline PLA were also used as the matrix to investigate the matrix crystallization effect on morphology and properties development of the blends. Blend of PLA with 25 wt% of poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] (PBSA) was also prepared through IM to compare its mechanical properties with those of PLA-PBAT blends. Eventually, the tensile and flexural properties of the prepared blends were explored and their dependency on the evolution of the blend morphology was investigated. The tensile results showed that when IM is used as the sole processing technique, the ductility and toughness were significantly improved only when the semi-crystalline PLA was used as the matrix. Preprocessing through TSE also resulted in enhancement of the PLA blends’ strain at break. According to the flexural experimental results, the morphology variation effect on the PLA blends’ flexural properties was not as determinative as it appeared in PLA blends’ tensile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil-based/bio-derived blends have been produced with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and Soy Protein Isolate (SPI). In order to be processed, SPI is plasticized with glycerol. In order to overcome different hydrophilicity between natural and oil-based polymers, a compatibilizer has been introduced. Polyethylene-graft-glycidyl methacrylate (PE-g-GMA) has been selected to act on HDPE-SPI interface. Good effect of PE-g-GMA has been displayed, increasing tensile strength, keeping almost the same elastic modulus and elongation at break. SEM images confirmed an increased toughness for HDPE-SPI based blends when glycerol is added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were employed, in this work, to obtain binary and ternary blends by solvent mixing technique. The thermal stability of the various blends was higher than the one of the pure natural polymers. The mechanical properties can be tuned by varying the blend composition due to partial miscibility of the various components. The resulting blends could find applications as components in biomedical and cosmetic materials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work rheological and mechanical properties of PEEK-PEI blends were investigated. Besides the pure components, blends with PEI concentration ranging from 10% to 90% in mass were considered. Oscillatory experiments in controlled atmosphere were conducted at different frequencies and temperatures. The frequency responses at different temperatures allowed using the TTS principle to reconstruct the master curves. All systems showed a shear thinning behavior and a flux index increasing with the percentage of PEI. The zero-shear viscosity was computed with the implementation of the Cross model and showed a decreasing behavior with the percentage of PEI. The relaxation time estimated from the crossover value of storage and loss moduli didn't change significantly with blend composition, suggesting the non-sensibility of the elasticity of the system. Lastly, tensile tests were executed to investigate the dependence of Young modulus in the different blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years, biopolymers have attracted great attention. It is for instance the case of chitosan, a linear polysaccharide. It is a deacetylated derivative of chitin, which is the second most abundant polysaccharide found in nature after cellulose. Chitosan has been found to be nontoxic, biodegradable, biofunctional, and biocompatible in addition to having antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and thus has a great potential for environmental (packaging) or biomedical applications. For preparing chitosan-based materials, only solution casting or similar methods have been used in all the past studies. Solution casting have the disadvantage in low efficiency and difficulty in scaling-up towards industrial applications. Besides, a great amount of environmentally unfriendly chemical solvents are used and released to the environment in this method. The reason for not using a melt processing method like extrusion or kneading in the past studies is that chitosan, like many other polysaccharides such as starch, has very low thermal stability and degrade prior to melting. Therefore, even if the melt processing method is more convenient and highly preferred for industrial production, its adaptation for polysaccharide-based materials remains very difficult. However, our recently published studies has demonstrated the successful use of an innovative melt processing method (internal mixer, extrusion) as an alternative route to solution casting, for preparing materials based on thermoplastic chitosan. These promising thermoplastic materials, obtained by melt processing, have been the main topic of recent international projects, with partners from different countries Multiphase systems based on various renewable plasticizers have been elaborated and studied. Besides, different blends, and nano-biocomposites based on nanoclays, have been elaborated and fully analyzed. The initial consortium of this vast project was based on an international consortium (Canada, Australia, France). This project is currently ongoing and open, with new international academic partners (Mexico, Brazil and Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex (RVNRL) was blended with Low Nitrosamines Latex (LNL) at different composition ratio. Methyl Metachrylate (MMA) was added for grafting onto the blended latex. Blended latex was subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses up to 8kGy. The mechanical properties and FTIR analysis were investigated as a function of the blended composition and irradiation dose. It was found that blending at specific ratio and gamma irradiation at specific dose led to significant improvement on the properties of the latex. The optimum mechanical properties was attained at a total blending ratio of 70% RVNRL and 30% of LNL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite films of PVA-PEDOT:PSS blend filled with synthesized Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene oxide (RGO) nanoparticles were prepared by solvent casting technique. The microstructural changes are confirmed in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-Visible absorption spectra exhibit peaks of GO along with a characteristic peak of PVA-PEDOT:PSS blend. The morphological effect is studied with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase with increase in wt.% of GO and RGO nanoparticles. The AC conductivities of the prepared nanocomposites measured with impedance analyzer shows maximum for 5 wt.% of GO nanoparticles doped PVA-PEDOT:PSS composites at high frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romanian Oil Field, heavy oil viscosity and pour point affect transportation by pipeline. In many cases, the oil is transported by car and railway with some drawbacks (high costs, special condition at discharging, etc.). This is why, for the purpose of lowering costs, it is necessary to blend viscous crudes in recipes leading to physical properties prone to transportation by pipeline, The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of additive properties (density, sulfur content) and non-additive properties (viscosity, pour point, distillation curve) of oil mixtures with their mixing ratio. Mixtures of two crude oils or three crude oils were considered. A new algorithm based on discrete-time neural network was worked out for finding the oil blends properties evolution. The theoretical analysis of stability and convergence of the neural networks is also presented. An application example is provided to illustrate the neural network-modeling approach. We believe that modelling of crude oil blending via neural networks is a very effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounded texture is an important method of texture mapping. Some texture samples build compounded texture by a certain rule or style, which can greatly enrich the expressiveness of ceramic product. This paper reviews the constraint of the various samples' texture synthesis method, uses OpenGL blend technology, constructs virtual texture, loads texture to ceramic product, realizes compounded texture mapping finally. This method is simple and effective, which will benefit innovative design of ceramic product. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Certain properties of polymers can be enhanced by mixing it with another polymer. When two or more polymers are intimately mixed in a single continuous solid product, the composition is generally referred to as a polymer blend or polyblend. Depending upon the degree of miscibility or immiscibility, such a polyblend may resemble a random copolymer or a block or graft copolymer or it may show micro or macro heterogeneous separation into a multiphase system. Viscosity method is simple and it offers very useful information about the relationship between dilute solution properties and bulk structure of the polymer blend. The basic idea of using viscosity as a parameter for compatibility determination of polymer blends lies in the fact that in solution the repulsive interaction may cause shrinkage of polymer coils resulting in a viscosity of the polymer mixture that is lower than the value calculated from viscosities of the pure components on the assumption of the additive law. In the present study, an attempt has been made to blend PPG 4000 with PEG 4000 in 1,4 -Dioxane at 303K at 1% concentration. The blend compositions were formed in the ratio 0:1, 0.2:0.8, 0.4:0.6, 0.5:0.5, 0.6:0.4, 0.8:0.2, 1:0. Relative viscosity of the blend compositions was determined and the values are nonlinear which showed incompatibility. Miscibility nature of the blends were determined further using additive law, log additive law and free volume additive law and the experimental values in all the cases showed negative deviation which is a characteristic of immiscible blend. The miscibility nature of the blend was further confirmed through density, ultrasonic velocity, refractive index and other techniques. The blend showed immiscibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt blending poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and biodegradable hyperbranched poly(ester amide) (HBP) has been performed in an effort to toughen the PLA without compromising its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Thermal properties and mechanical properties of blends with different HBP content were investigated. The addition of HBP not only reduced the crystallinity from 30.99% to 18.58%, but also toughened PLA. With an increase in HBP content from 2.5% to 10%, the blend showed a slightly increased tensile strength and significantly increased elongation at break. The reasonable toughening mechanism was given too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, oligomers were extracted from dried PET by Soxhlet apparatus, with chloroform as solvent. The extraction temperature and during time which are optimized by orthogonal tests are 80°C and 20 hours, respectively. Then oligomer characterized by FTIR, DSC and TGA. The results showed that oligomers were cyclic trimer and linear oligomer, and cyclic trimer was the main content. Oligomer/PET blends chips were prepared by method of double strew extrude. The nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of pure PET and Oligomer/PET blends have been observed by DSC. It has been found out that the oligomers dispersed in the matrix have effects on both the formation of nuclei and the growth of crystallites of PET matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viscosity method is simple and it offers very useful information about the relationship between dilute solution properties and bulk structure of the polymer blend. In the present study, an attempt has been made to blend PPG 500 with PPG 4000 and PEG 4000 in Toluene at 303K at 1% concentration. The blend compositions were formed in the ratio 0:1, 0.2:0.8, 0.4:0.6, 0.5:0.5, 0.6:0.4, 0.8:0.2, 1:0. Relative viscosity of the blend compositions was determined and the values are nonlinear which showed incompatibility. Miscibility nature of the blends were determined further using additive law, log additive law and free volume additive law and the experimental values in all the cases showed negative deviation, which is a characteristic of immiscible blend. The miscibility nature of the blend was further confirmed through ultrasonic velocity and optical microscopic techniques. Both the blends showed immiscibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System-1: PVA-PEO-PEG-AgNO3 and System-2: PVA-PEO-EC-LiCF3SO3, are two blend systems prepared for different concentrations of Al2O3 nano-filler ranging from 2 to 10 wt%. The effect of Al2O3 nano filler on the conductivity (σdc) and dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (s") of the systems is thoroughly investigated using impedance spectroscopic analysis technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, lignin was characterized through elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to understand the potential use for future value added applications, with a major focus on composite materials. Lignins exhibited a little high sulphur. Thermogravimetric curves of the lignin demonstrated good thermal stability. Ligin/PVC composites were prepared and the effect of lignin incorporation was investigated by means of mechanical properties. Lignin added to the composite was obtained by the dual-roll milling process. The composites were prepared by molding and assessed by means of tensile testing. The results showed that no more than 15w% of lignin did not reduce tensile strength and in its presence hardness property was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses research which investigated structural properties and morphologies of silk fibroin (SF) and polylactic acid (PLA) composite films. Topics explored include the use of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in analyzing SF and PLA interactions, the potential use of said composite films in biomedical sciences, and the observed stability and miscibility of SF/PLA blended materials.