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Tasbaya Junior High School (SMP) is a school located in Sawahan District, Surabaya City, East Java Province, which has an A accreditation but the land owned is very narrow, especially green open spaces. In addition, the Covid19 pandemic has greatly impacted the comfort of teaching and learning activities. At this time face-to-face meetings have been implemented but students still have to comply with health protocols by wearing masks. So that masks are also a problem for the waste of masks to afflict Tasbaya Junior High School. because it is caused by the lack of skills and knowledge in the use of mask waste, so students and teachers of Tasbaya Junior High School are required to be creative and innovate to process a large amount of mask waste. Meanwhile, for domestic waste management activities, both sorting and collecting waste, it is very embedded and cultured as well as commitment in terms of managing the environment. The purpose of this activity is to use used masks into modified and applicable flower pots to become a supporting place for storing plants that have selling value. In the implementation of this activity, several stages are carried out, namely planning, preparation, implementation (training, product manufacture and application use). The planning stage is an explanation of the various flower pot designs according to the location of the sun. The preparation stage is the socialization of the benefits of flower pots. The implementation stage is conducting training on making flower pots from masks. The mask waste goes through a chemical and physical sterilization process before use and changes its shape. Next is the activity evaluation stage. From the results of this activity, Tasbaya Junior High School Petemon, Sawahan District, Surabaya City was able to overcome and control the problem of mask waste and was able to add to the aesthetic value of the environment by adding greenery in the school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diseases are often a threat to Indonesia and demand the government's attention. As a national infection center hospital, RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso produces a huge amount of medical waste. Medical waste that is untreated properly will harm the health of humans and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the existing condition of medical waste management in a national infection center hospital. Evaluation of medical waste management includes sorting, storage, collecting, and treatment activities. The type of data used is primary data obtained from direct observation and interviews and hospital secondary data. These results will be compared based on Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.56 of 2015. The results showed that medical waste had not been sorted by its characteristics and medical waste segregation had not been compass properly. Facilities and equipment were inadequate for the temporary storage of medical waste, and storage time exceeds two days. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) used by the cleaning service is not appropriate. The incinerator as a treatment process has a low temperature, approximately 500-700°C. This study concludes that the medical waste management system mostly has not been run properly. It is necessary to improve facilities and procedural adequate management equipment, and conduct training for cleaning services to develop competence and professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tanjung Bumi Madura batik industry is growing in Indonesia and impacts the economic and socio-cultural growth of the community. The increase in demand for batik also increases batik waste which harms environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the potential for pollution due to batik waste and how the periphery community's perspective on batik waste, especially batik using synthetic dyes. Indicators of community perspective measured include community understanding of batik in general, batik patterns, batik preservation, batik making process, batik coloring, and waste management. The results of the test of the waste content of Tanjung Bumi batik with synthetic textile dyes in Madura based on textile waste parameters showed the results were far above the threshold so that it was hazardous for the environment and humans. The measurement of the community's perspective on batik and the dangers caused by batik waste show that public knowledge and awareness of batik waste are high. However, people still do not know how to manage the existing waste. Efforts to manage batik waste before being discharged into the environment are essential to preserve the environment and preserve batik culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every single day, a sizeable portion of the ceramic that is manufactured all around the world is thrown away. Given that they contain aluminium, silica, and iron oxide, ceramic wastes (CW) that are disposed of in landfills have a detrimental impact on the ecosystem, including the soil, water, and the environment as a whole. The insoluble specific matter or heavy metals that are present in the waste water that leaches into the soil have the potential to cause damage to the plants. Not only does the process of dumping ceramic waste produce a significant amount of air emissions, but it also has a detrimental impact on both the environment and human health due to the spread of dust. The utilization of waste ceramic in the process of soil stabilization may result in improved disposal of such material. Both the utilization of natural resources and the prevention of additional environmental burdens and emissions can be reduced to a more manageable level. One of the technical methods that can be utilized in order to increase the structural capacity of the layers that lie beneath the pavement is the stabilization of the subbase course that is utilized in the development of the subbase course pavement highway surface. When it comes to soil stabilization, there are numerous approaches that may be broken down into two categories: mechanical and chemical. Recent years have seen a rise in the level of social concern regarding the problem of waste management, namely in relation to the disposal of garbage and the generation of industrial waste. To achieve this objective, a local soil sample was collected from Najaf, Iraq, and the effects of the addition of (CW) on the strength of the subbase course that was utilized in the construction of the subbase course were investigated. In increments of five percent, the subbase that was collected locally was combined with CW at a range of zero percent to twenty percent by weight of dry soil. Due to the fact that waste is frequently utilized as infill and reinforcement, the California Bearing Ratio test (CBR) was carried out in order to investigate the strength of CW of subbase material. The purpose of this study is to make it obvious that waste is frequently used. A comprehensive examination of their findings reveals that it is frequently utilized in the fields as a material for reinforcing purposes, and that its utilization is both effective and affordable. Based on the CBR measurements taken on soil with and without CW reinforcements, it was discovered that the soil received a significant increase in strength when the reinforcement was applied. fifteen percent was the best percentage of CW, which resulted in a greater percentage of CBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a huge problem in the developing region that cannot be avoided, and that is the exhaustion of natural aggregates. Pavement engineering and construction are two aspects that cannot be ignored. As a result of the procedures involved in the construction of pavement, the overall interest is enormous to the point where activities such as blasting, quarrying, crushing, and transportation consume a significant amount of energy. In addition, the aggregate materials are depleting rapidly and are difficult to locate. The limited availability of natural raw materials and the deterioration of the environment have resulted in the utilisation of waste materials in the building practices that are currently being utilised for the development of pavements and engineering practices. In order to strengthen the structural capacity of the layers of pavement that lie beneath the surface, one of the engineering solutions that may be implemented is the stabilisation of the subbase course that is employed in the building of the subbase course pavement roadway. When it comes to soil stabilisation, there are numerous ways that may be broken down into two categories: mechanical and chemical. Recent years have seen a rise in the level of social concern regarding the problem of waste management, namely in relation to the disposal of garbage and the generation of industrial waste. This research offers the findings of an investigation into the impact that RAP has on the strength of subbase course that is utilised in the construction of subbase course. From twenty percent to sixty percent by weight of dry soil, the subbase that was obtained locally was combined with RAP at a rate of ten percent increments. Due to the fact that waste is frequently utilised as infill and reinforcement, the California Bearing Ratio test (CBR) was carried out in order to investigate the strength of RAP of subbase material. The purpose of this study is to make it evident that waste is frequently utilised. A comprehensive examination of their findings reveals that it is frequently utilised in the fields as a material for reinforcing purposes, and that its utilisation is both effective and inexpensive. According to the CBR measurements taken on soil with and without RAP reinforcements, it was discovered that the soil gained a significant amount of strength when the reinforcement was applied. Forty percent of RAP was the best percentage, and it resulted in a higher percentage of CBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconventional lightweight concrete (LWC) can utilise waste ingredients to replace natural aggregates, providing a viable approach for waste management, decreasing LWC production costs, and reducing dependence on natural aggregates. The present study aimed to develop sustainable LWC tiles differing in waste aggregate amounts and types. The waste aggregates used originated from recycled clay bricks and recycled concrete. Six different types of concrete mixes were prepared in this experimental investigation. These are; two reference mixes (NWC and LWC without aggregate replacement), two LWC mixes with 50% and 100% fine recycled brick aggregate (RBA), and another two LWC mixes with 50% and 100% fine recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The intended compressive strength for the reference LWC mix was 35 MPa, with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.35. The produced LWC mixes were evaluated in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, fracture load, modulus of rupture, density, and water absorption. The findings indicated that reasonable mechanical properties can be achieved when replacing natural fine aggregates with fine RBA or RCA in LWC, with densities between 1722 and 1613 kg/m3, regardless of the replacement ratio. Moreover, the test results showed that despite increases in water absorption and decreases in fracture load of tile specimens for both RBA and RCA-based LWC, all the produced tiles, except for LWC with 100% RBA, met the requirements of the Iraqi standard and can successfully be used as a sustainable structural LWC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leather tanning industry is one of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or known as UMKM which has increased production in sales so that it has a major contribution to economic growth in Indonesia. MSMEs engaged in the processing of raw leather to finished leather to be further processed into salable goods are in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. In addition to producing salable products, the leather tanning industry also has the potential to generate solid waste and liquid waste from leftover leather and chemicals as raw materials used during the leather tanning process which contain chemicals that can cause pollution to soil, water, and can cause an unpleasant odor. unsavory because of the decomposition of the skin and the residual liquid from tanning the skin. In supporting the running of existing business processes at one of the MSMEs in Garut, West Java, Indonesia it is necessary to use waste management that is integrated with the company's information system. In this research, an integrated ERP system will be developed to support the concept of a circular economy using the Odoo application with the Quickstart method which can record and schedule solid waste and liquid waste processing processes and develop monitoring dashboards that present information from the waste treatment business processes that have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubbish is becoming a global environmental issue as the amount of waste generated constantly increases due to the continuous growth in the level of consumption. The previous investigation reported that the existence of waste management facility known as TPST such as Piyungan in Bantul Regency as a facility for managing rubbish can have a positive or negative impact on the environment. This is because the leachate from the waste is suspected to pollute the surrounding irrigation water. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of leachate on the quality of irrigation water around TPST Piyungan using field surveys and laboratory tests. The water sample was taken in Sitimulyo, one of the villages affected by TPST Piyungan activities, and in Jambidan village as point control. The physical and chemical parameters of the water sample tested include temperature, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, and Pb. This was followed by the evaluation of the Index Pollution raw quality Class IV, as stated in the Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 20 of 2008 to determine the quality status. The results showed that the status of the water sample is in category IV, which fulfills raw quality (good condition), where point 1 has a value of 0.22 and 0.13 for points 2 and 3. This indicated that the irrigation water quality is not affected by the leachate generated from the TPST Piyungan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, universities of science and technology have prioritized laboratory waste management as a strategic policy and practice in order to achieve sustainability goals. Knowledge about laboratory waste management has become a critical component of developing appropriate attitudes and practices toward laboratory waste management. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how universities currently manage laboratory waste by assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of laboratory technicians, lecturers, and students regarding laboratory waste management. This research was conducted at a public university of science and technology in Lampung, Indonesia. This research was a cross-sectional quantitative using self-administered questionnaires involving 216 participants in Institut Teknologi Sumatera. The respondents who participated in the study majority were college students 76 %, followed by lecturers 17 %, and laboratory technicians 7 %. The questionnaire contains three sections with 26 items in total. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The vast majority of respondents exhibited fair to poor levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to all aspects of the question, as well as considerable levels of outcomes and correlation. Because students will be the ones directly managing laboratory trash in the near future, continuous education is required to enhance awareness among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disposal of biowaste such as animal bones and shells has been a growing concern. To tackle sustainability concerns, this study explores the utilization of eggshells as calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA). Eggshells were subjected to calcination at 1000 °C for 3 hours and 6 hours to obtain calcium oxide, which was then used to synthesize HA through an emulsion method. The FTIR spectra of the synthesized HA closely resembling the characteristic peaks of HA reported in literature. The resulting HA from eggshell-derived calcium oxide displayed flake- like structures, while its sintered counterparts exhibited a porous structure, which are potentially advantageous for bone attachment and regeneration. The sintered HA pellet using 6-hour eggshell-derived calcium oxide showed a higher Ca/P ratio (1.13) and relative density (71.8%), compared to 3-hour calcination process. Despite deviating significantly from the stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of 1.67, the EDS spectra closely resembled literature values. Further research could explore the practical implementations of eggshell-derived HA in various biomedical and biomaterials development and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maldives is surrounded by stunning azure oceans. Tourism and fishing are the main economic drivers of these vibrant waters. The Maldives is exposed to environmental changes, including sea level rise and pollution, which have made its coastal ecosystem highly susceptible. According to the World Bank statistics, Maldives exceeds 860 metric tonnes of plastic wastes. The primary source of revenue for the Maldives is derived from the surrounding marine ecosystem. The main objectives of this project involve design and implementation of a functioning prototype for collecting sea trash by using low-cost hardware. During the testing phase prototype was evaluated based on the speed, effectiveness and component tests taking set of testing sessions. Based on the results the proto type performed as expected in the most condition, therefore we expect the solution will contribute efficient and sustainable waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A problem that most urban cities in developing countries suffer from the shortage of lands for suitable waste disposal in the world, especially in fast-growing cities, in0cluding Iraq. The process of solid waste management is considered complex and increasingly dangerous over time. The landfill is the most common type of solid waste disposal. In order to select a landfill site suitable for the population and the environment, several researchers have created and implemented various approaches and criteria. The major goal of this research was to come up with a generic approach for selecting landfill sites by compiling and cataloging the various methodologies and criteria that have been created throughout the years. Four basic sets of criteria have been discovered and summarized. For selecting the most common landfill sites used in the selection process, which include proximity, social, economic, environmental, and engineering criteria after comparing and summarizing studies published in various scientific journals. The strategies ranged primarily on environmental and engineering criteria with some being comprehensive which included social and economic factors. The most significant factors to consider when selecting sanitary landfill locations were, roads, water bodies, urban settlements, slope, soil type, power lines, railways, and land uses. However, there is still a lack of objective evaluation of these selection approaches; most research currently uses Geographical information system (GIS) in addition to multi-decision analysis to identify landfill sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Warming, Waste management, and the energy issue are three problems that need to be solved. The world's most serious challenges exist now. Environmentally sustainable solutions must resolve each of these problems while being affordable and workable for large-scale projects. Anaerobic digestion of food waste, in which biogas production is mostly composed of CO2 and CH4 gas, may be able to solve this issue. The experimental results of this research were with the co-digestion of food scraps and chicken manure in a psychrophilic condition. This study focuses on using the ADM1(AD model Number.1) mathematical model to simulate and predict the behavior of anaerobic digestion for food waste under Psychrophilic conditions. Mathematical modeling of the anaerobic digestion process is one strategy to approach this. The ADM1 provides comprehensive details on the physical-chemical procedures involved in anaerobic digestion. A model that may predict how elements like pH, carbon dioxide, and temperature impact daily biogas production was made using AQUASIM. This study aims to investigate the effects of key ADM1 (Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1) factors on the biogas production process. The result shows that the most significant Methane production occurred on the 42nd day of the experiment, after 56 days, the amount of biogas produced was reduced. The daily biogas results provided under optimal conditions were 14.78 L, and from days 10 to 20, the pH was relatively steady. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological security is not only an important aspect of national security, but also a red line to ensure the sustainability of towns' social economy. This paper takes the ecologically fragile towns of Xi'an in western China as the research object, and uses the PSR model to establish a town ecological security evaluation index system consisting of 21 indicators. Based on multi-source data, the ecological security status of 125 towns in the study area was evaluated. The results indicate that the average ecological security index of towns in 2020 was 0.568, which is generally in a critical ecological security state. Insufficient water resources, high population density, low waste disposal rate, and low vegetation coverage are the main factors threatening the ecological security of local towns. Based on the evaluation results, sustainable development suggestions were proposed to provide support for the ecological security and sustainable development of local towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has grown rapidly in recent decades due to development activities & population growth, which has resulted in the introduction of new infrastructural projects. As a result, there is a high demand for construction materials for construction operations, producing a lot of waste from building and demolition. To begin with, there is no accurate estimate of the amount of waste produced in India. The basic reason is a lack of understanding or access to data, lack of focus on this issue, lack of a regulatory framework and strict enforcement to support this issue. It is anticipated that the growth of the Indian construction sector will result in a significant supply-demand imbalance for building supplies including sand, limestone, aggregates, etc. Furthermore, the large amount of unprocessed construction and demolition debris poses major challenges in some areas, particularly in building hotspots such as residential, institutional, or other crowded city places. "dealNrebuild" is an e-commerce concept that challenges the traditional approach of Construction & Demolition Waste Management (CDWM) system. To metamorphose "waste into resource" "dealNrebuild" provides a marketplace for users to sell and buy of Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste which have potential to be reused or recycle considering CDWM contributing factors and CDWM hierarchy to buildout a sustainable society. This platform is not only for vendors and buyers, but also for researchers, field, or industry professionals to have access to data, trends and technology linked to CDWM and to help lead a revolution toward sustainable living. In the current study, case studies are also revealed which shows the generation of C&D waste approximately 5 tone for the girder site & other are of area of 1000-3000 sq. ft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the modern world, carbon emission, waste management, and deterioration have become significant challenges in front of supply chain managers. Therefore, this study develops a vendor-buyer sustainable inventory model for deteriorating items in an inflationary environment with 3D printing techniques, volume agility and trade credit policy when customers' demand influenced by selling price and energy consumption factors. The emission from supply chain operations are controlled by investment in green technology with a carbon tax policy, while to mitigate the rate of deterioration, preservation investment is used. An algorithm is evolved to efficiently determine the optimal solution within this framework. Also, numerical and sensitivity analysis is performed to elaborate the importance of this model. The outcomes of the proposed model revealed that a supply chain manager could easily control the excess energy and number of defective items using a flexible production process that maximized the total profit. Furthermore, investing in 3D printing and green technologies helps improve environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project titled Effective Waste Management using Data Analytics and IoT is one of the elements in reducing solid wastes which pollute the environment. In this project we apply principles and applications of IoT and Data Analytics to increase the efficiency of the local municipal corporation which in turn promotes a cleaner and sustainable environment through smarter garbage pickup and dynamic garbage bin solutions. We propose to build a device which can be integrated on to the inner walls of garbage bins and collect data regarding the level of garbage present inside the bin, with reference to a threshold value, which will be later analyzed using Data Analytics, to provide the Waste Collection authorities with valuable predictions for optimized garbage collection, installation of additional garbage bins and assigning of relevant garbage pickup teams to promote a healthy, clean and sanitized lifestyle for everyone and for our nation. Route Optimization feature to reach the garbage can is also included in the application. Living in sanitary conditions will give rise to a healthy, secure and safe society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental challenge, adversely affecting wildlife, ecosystems, and human populations. The global generation of discarded plastic is alarmingly high, with only a small percentage being recycled. The majority of waste plastic (WP) is either incinerated or ends up in landfills, posing environmental and health risks. In order to address this issue, there is a critical need to improve waste management systems and promote recycling initiatives on a global scale. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing plastic waste as an environmentally friendly material in the manufacturing of paving blocks. Through the incorporation of WP in the manufacturing process of paving blocks, it is possible to reduce the environmental damage of WP accumulation while providing a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials. The research findings demonstrate that the incorporation of WP in building materials can enhance their thermal insulation capabilities and energy efficiency. Numerous research studies have investigated the application of WP in the creation of bricks, concrete blocks, interlocking bricks, and roof tiles. These materials exhibited improved strength, low water absorption rates, and enhanced resistance to acid and water soaking compared to conventional fired clay bricks. The optimal percentage of plastic content varied depending on the specific application, but generally, increasing the plastic content improved the properties of the materials up to a certain threshold. The research indicates that utilizing WP in the manufacturing of paving blocks and other materials used in construction sector has the capability to contribute to sustainable waste management practices. By diverting WP from landfills and incorporating it into durable and efficient materials, reducing the impacts on environment of plastic pollution while promoting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of concrete in the world's buildings makes it one of the most popular construction materials. Construction foundations, roads, and sidewalks are just some of the many places you'll find these materials. One of the most pressing issues in environmental protection today is how to properly manage garbage, and in particular, plastic trash. Our experiment used plastic waste collected from a local plastic waste management centre; we did this to determine whether or not this material could be used in place of more traditional construction materials. Fine aggregates are replaced with recyclable plastics. Fine aggregates were replaced with Recyclable Plastics at varying percentages (0, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%). The M25 concrete standard was developed after extensive testing. By exchanging varying amounts of fine aggregates with Recyclable Plastics, we were able to design a wide variety of mixes Concrete mixes with 7, 14, and 28 days' worth of crushed waste were tested experimentally for their workability, strength in compression, split tensile, and flexural. It has been found that as the percentage of recyclable plastics in production rises, so does the materials' malleability. Adding up to 35% Recyclable Plastics increases the concrete's strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the building material research, the utilization & processing of waste materials from various industries is the most important priority in the rapid growth global development of new innovative construction materials. This is most necessity to accomplish the waste disposal and rectify the scarcity and conserve the naturally available resources and materials. Throughout the world, the locally created building materials have received more attention because they are readily available and affordable cost. Bricks have also seen as the one of the toughest and longest-lasting building materials ever employed. The clay brick are manufactured by burning the clay which causes release of CO2 emission and it leads to environmental impact. In this work fly-ash brick is chosen. This research presents the use of demolished brick waste and granite dust as raw materials in fly-ash brick and to make it as sustainable building material. The fly ash brick is manufactured with different trial mix proportions of various percentages of fly-ash, cement, demolished brick waste and Granite dust. The demolished brick waste is crushed and sieved 600 µ and it is replaced in the proportion of 22%, 25%,30%,35% with constant granite dust replacement of 10%. In this study, the features of bricks are examined. Conventional fly ash bricks and bricks made from construction brick waste will be compared in terms of their compressive property and water absorption. The utilization of variety of waste materials as one of the basic constituent in the brick is considered as ecofriendly, economical and also the good method to disposal of waste material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilising and processing waste products from various industries is the top priority in building material research in order to create new, cutting-edge construction materials that can be produced quickly and globally. This is absolutely necessary to handle waste disposal, address the shortage, and preserve the naturally occurring materials and resources. Locally produced building materials have drawn more attention globally because they are easily accessible and reasonably priced. Bricks have a reputation for being among the strongest and most durable building materials ever used. The production of clay bricks involves burning the clay, which emits CO2 and has an adverse effect on the environment. Fly-ash brick was chosen for this project. In order to create fly-ash brick, which is a longstanding construction material, this study demonstrates the use of waste from demolished brick buildings and granite dust as raw materials. The fly ash brick is made using various trial mix proportions of fly ash, cement, waste from demolished brick, and granite dust. The waste from demolished brick buildings is crushed, sieved, and replaced in proportions of 22%, 25%, 30%, and 35% with granite dust that is continuously replaced at a rate of 10%. In this study, the characteristics of bricks are examined. Conventional FA bricks and bricks made from construction waste will be compared in terms of their compressive strength and water absorption. The utilisation of multiple wastes as one of the fundamental components in brick is regarded as being both economical and environmentally friendly, as well as a good way to dispose of waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement, aggregate, and, in some situations, admixtures are the main ingredients in concrete, a versatile engineering composite material. The building industry is constantly evolving, and this leads to a high global demand for natural aggregate. On the other hand, as the population expands quickly, so does the amount of garbage produce by the industrial sector. The partial substitution of fine aggregate with machining waste, also known as lathe waste, is being tested in light of the current financial crisis. Several mix ratios are developed to explore the impact of changing percentages of machining waste in concrete. The results are compared to those of normal concrete, and the ideal % replacement of machining waste is ultimately established. In addition to boosting concrete's compressive strength, the use of machining waste partially resolves the problems of waste management and a shortage of fine aggregate. As a result, effective use of machining waste as fine aggregate will help achieve better prolific results and transform the waste into a resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green Construction Paver bricks are used in a variety of standard decorative alternatives for paving pavement. The majority of its applications are in kitchen slabs, pavement, patios, and street roadways. Worldwide, infrastructure development is at its height and represents national progress in every nation. Despite the lack base material, green construction is becoming more and more popular today. As the primary component of green construction, cement has a bigger environmental impact on global warming because it accounts for 10% of all carbon emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to limit cement use and discover acceptable waste that may be utilized to partially replace cement improve the qualities of green construction. Green construction can employ the removal, reuse, and recycling strategies or any other two approaches that are equivalent. The paper's goal is to discuss environmentally friendly building materials as a remedy for a couple ecological problems: first, the high levels of carbon dioxide emissions from the cement industry; and second, the enormous scale elimination for fly ash, which is a waste product of thermal power stations that pollutes the natural environment by filling up a lot of waste disposal facilities. The components of the paver Block are weld mesh, Cement, M-Sand, and Chips, Lime Flyash and pondash. This study demonstrates that the green paver block's load carrying capacity is 25% greater than the control block's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using waste material concrete in the recompense's deficiency of natural reserves, resolution of discarding waste, and finding an alternate practice to protect nature. Many wastes from industries are used as supplementation offline aggregate. The study gives a detailed assessment of waste materials that are satisfactorily exploited as a fine aggregate supplementation in concrete mix. By replacing some portion of natural sand with these industrial wastes in concrete, maintain or improve its strength properties while reducing the demand for natural resources. Additionally, the utilization of these waste materials provides an alternate means of disposing of industrial byproducts, which would otherwise contribute to environmental pollution. This paper studied some of the factorial wastes like CS and SS. Usage of industrial waste like CS and SS in concrete provides a sustainable solution to the dimension of natural reserves and the problem of waste disposal. This approach to construction reduces environmental pollution and promotes a circular economy that benefits both industry and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population outburst has led to rapid urbanization and industrialization at an unprecedented scale; however, this has a domino effect on the menace of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Onitsha metropolis, Anambra State. The methods adopted for this study were field studies and laboratory analysis. We identified households, markets, industries, and institutions, as the four (4) sources of MSW. Wastes includes; organic wastes (51.56%), plastic contents (20.67%), clothing and textile wastes (10.79%), metal scraps (9.29%), bottles (4.50%), and other wastes constitute (3.64%). It also showed that households contribute the highest to MSW (60.57%), while institutions have the lowest contribution (7.53%). Hardness, pH, magnesium, nitrate, chloride, iron, hardness, and total dissolved solids (TDS) are within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible range. We noticed some traces of coliform and E. coli bacteria. We identified the major obstacles to proper waste management in Onitsha to include; readily available dump sites, poor road conditions, lack of advanced technology, non-cooperation from locals, low wages resulting in lack of motivation, and insufficient storage facilities. Nonetheless implementing optimization tactics such as conducting awareness campaigns for the community, providing job training for workers, enhancing access to streets and introducing automated vehicles can help surmount these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to challenges within the solid waste industry in Puerto Rico, this research focused on enhancing Material Recovery Facility (MRF) operations using Lean Six Sigma. Employing the DMAIC framework, the study tackled recurring downtime at one Puerto Rico MRF. Key findings include identifying root causes, such as conveyor jams and material entanglements, and proposing improvements like continuous professional development, preventive system upkeep, and specialized equipment additions like the Industrial Bag Opener and Motorized Brush. The study projected a 30% downtime reduction, yielding an annual saving of around $97,630. This ROI calculation factored in operational enhancements and equipment costs, highlighting the financial benefits of Lean Six Sigma integration. Emphasizing Lean Six Sigma's value in MRF operations, the study provides insights for the industry and underscores data-driven waste management enhancements. Moreover, its alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals 8, 9, and 11 highlights contributions to decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9), and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). The research showcases the practical advantages of Lean Six Sigma in MRF operations, serving as a model for the broader waste management sector and affirming the value of data-driven enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the integration of machine learning techniques (ML) to improve the composting process of organic waste, amid the growing global challenge of waste management. A decade-long bibliometric analysis (2013-2022) using the Scopus database examined the evolution and impact of ML applications on composting. Their analysis identified important contributions to research and emerging trends, highlighting the fundamental role of ML in optimizing compost production, a critical solution for managing the growing volumes of organic waste generated worldwide. The study revealed how ML models, including artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms, revolutionized composting processes by predicting, improving, and monitoring various composting parameters. In addition, the paper delved into the geographical distribution of research efforts, highlighting the dominance of countries such as China, India and the United States in this area of research. Through the analysis of 180 articles, the study not only mapped out the current picture of ML in composting, but also identified gaps and opportunities for future research. The results defended the potential of the ML to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of composting operations, thus contributing to more sustainable waste management practices. This work is a fundamental resource for both researchers and professionals, with the aim of harnessing the power of the ML in favour of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inadequate management of medical waste represents one of the current environmental challenges facing the planet, being a major contributor to the emergence of waste in water bodies, soil erosion, and air pollution from contaminating gasses. In Peru, although medical waste management is gaining increasing importance and interest as a health management issue, information on environmental impact measurement strategies conducted in the country remains very limited. Therefore, this work aims to highlight the current constraints of the medical waste management system in Peru, identify and select environmental management alternatives, and promote future research. Through a qualitative methodological design of research/action type, the Leopold Matrix is utilized to assess the environmental impact generated in a hospital in the country, alongside a literature review concerning current environmental challenges to propose strategies for mitigating the current environmental effects resulting from these impacts. Consequently, alternative technologies are presented, which should be identified as potential solutions and adapted to the various regimes and/or limitations of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of the waste management system in Padang Pariaman Regency using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and to provide solutions for improving waste management to make it more environmental friendly. The assessment was carried out in the 2025 Planning Year with 259.89 tons/day of waste generation. 1.31% of the total waste is transported to the landfill with open dumping method without processing, 0.04% of waste is processed in one waste bank and the remaining 98.65% of waste is burnt, disposed of land or buried in the yard by the generator of waste. LCA analysis using the CML-IA Baseline impact assessment method. The impact categories studied include Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). The boundary of the study covers the technical and operational aspects of waste, energy, materials, and emissions. Based on the results of the LCA analysis of the existing waste management system, the GWP impact value was 3,063,311,800 kg CO2 eq., and the AP impact value was 1,000,232 kg SO2 eq.. The highest Eutrophication Potential (EP) impact value was 69,245,923 kg PO4 eq. The most significant impact contribution from each environmental impact studied came from landfilling activities using the open dumping method. The recommendation to improve the waste management system in Padang Pariaman Regency is to expand the service area rate, sort the containers, collect and transport waste processing, and final processing of waste with a sanitary landfill system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling waste materials by incorporating them into cement offers a promising solution for producing high-quality concrete while addressing the issue of waste disposal. This approach is particularly beneficial because certain waste materials possess a strong and durable structure that cannot be effectively processed by conventional recycling methods, and they are generated in significant quantities. This study specifically investigates the utilization of construction waste materials, such as ceramics, glass, marble, and carbon, which are obtained through grinding processes. The aim is to assess the impact of incorporating these four materials separately into cement mortar mixtures at a replacement rate of 20% based on ASTM C311. The compressive strength of these mixtures was evaluated after 7 days. The test results revealed varying improvements depending on the replaced material, owing to the pozzolanic effect of the materials and their valuable role as a fine filler in mortar mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To reduce environmental biohazards, technicians should be educated with safe biological waste disposal procedures and dental material recycling. Objective: To evaluate the impact strength and apparent porosity of re-injection acetal resin in different percentages or several times. Materials and methods: Sixty specimens were prepared with dimension (65mm×10 mm×2 mm) length, width and thickness for impact test and fifty-four-disc specimens with dimensions (20±1 mm in diameter x 0.5 mm in thickness) for apparent porosity test and injection according to the manufacture's instruction for acetal resin as denture base materials. The first group represent control group with (100% New) and other five groups as experimental groups. The old material is preparation by acetal sprue is collected and cutting by cutter and re-injection with new acetal resin. Results: After comparing the results of impact strength a significant difference in the impact strength of control (80.75±9.133) and re-injection groups. On other hand significant differences of apparent porosity test of all study groups. Conclusion: Recycling acetal resin as denture base that reduces the impact strength when increase using old material, on other hand the apparent porosity is increase after one month and decrease after one day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are basically long chain hydrocarbon compound synthesizes from non-renewable liquid petroleum products. Since plastics have special and variety of features like easy availability and handling, light weight, energy efficiency, non-degradable nature, cheap, faster production, and design flexibility, it has gained wide popularity in short time period and becomes indispensable part of day-to-day life. The increasing usage and production of plastic with exponential rate have resulted in increasing plastic waste disposal problems which may cause adverse effects on environment and human health. Moreover, fast exhaustion of non-renewable fossil has also become a major problem. To encounter both the problem at a same time, plastic waste conversion method has come into picture. Several plastic waste conversion methods such as landfills, plastic incineration, and recycling are available out of which recycling has gained a lot of interest. One of the important recycling methods is pyrolysis, which is referred as most suitable method due to its advantages like flexible, easy in handling, less intense sorting, less labor intensive, and liquid oil obtained from pyrolysis is having high quality as well gaseous by-product also of high calorific value. In this review article, an effort has been made to provide concise details about different types of waste plastics, their waste management strategies, specially focusing on the basics of pyrolysis process and potential of pyrolysis process for different plastic types. The review article will pave the path for different researchers working in plastic waste management techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a significant quantity of waste material in the building industry, making effective waste management essential. The primary goal of this study was thus to identify the reasons for the production of construction debris throughout Iraq, particularly in the capital city of Baghdad. As the construction sector lays the groundwork for other building endeavours, the root causes of material waste must be identified and eradicated, and this research aimed to learn how to better manage construction projects in Baghdad by identifying common wasteful practices employed in the building industry there for potential removal. Fifty individuals representing government agencies and construction firms were surveyed, with a questionnaire used as the primary method of gathering preliminary data. Analysis of the resulting data showed that traditional building methods were used more frequently than others that included poor waste-reduction approaches, staff ignorance of waste management, and the employment of unskilled labour, all of which were identified as primary causes of or contributors to material waste. Concrete bricks, sand, dirt, and wood were identified as the most wasteful materials. The findings also highlighted the need to devise a unique plan for managing and reducing construction waste that must include several economic axes to reduce the economic damage caused by the accumulation of building and raw material waste. On the environmental axis, it is also critical to highlight the gravity of construction waste, including the impact it has not only on the natural environment but also on public health to gain the support of the media in finding viable options for reducing waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions, reworking, and waste management are the big challenges to achieving the goal of environmental sustainability in the production-inventory model. Here, a production-inventory model is developed, taking into account an imperfect production process and taking the cognizance of all these critical issues. In the current study, the production rate is tuned according to the demand and three different levels of production are considered in the model. The proportion of faulty products is taken as a random variable. Further, to control the deterioration rate, investment in preservation technology is being considered. A carbon tax is imposed because of carbon emissions due to various operational activities associated with the production system. An optimal production rate and lot size are derived such that the profit of the production system is maximized. In order to demonstrate the proposed model, numerical examples are given. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is done to present management insights. Results show that waste management and reworking help to accomplish the goal of environmental sustainability. Additionally, inflation shows the true state of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as strategic elements. Due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties, REEs have extensive applications in modern-day technologies. Two aspects make the supply chain of REEs very critical: first, more than ~85% of the global rare earth elements are processed by China alone; second, presently, hardly any substitute materials exist for these elements. The supply chain of these elements is vulnerable because of the Chinese monopoly on rare earth resources. These circumstances drove researchers to explore alternative resources for these elements. This article reviews the prospective alternative resources of REEs. Based on the available resources and technical experience, a road map has also been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness about the massive extraction of river sand increases because it intensifies the destruction of river. At the same time, the oyster shell waste disposal from fisheries industry is rising and pollutes the environment. Therefore, the present research explores the effect of using crushed oyster shell as a partial fine aggregate on the flowability, compressive strength, and water absorption of mortar. Four mortar mixtures were made by replacing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the sand with crushed oyster shells. The mixtures were then tested on their flowability, strength, and water absorption. The findings show that at 28 days, all mixes reached the targeted strength, with values varying from 22.87 MPa to 35.20 MPa. Generally, using cockle shell as fine aggregate replacement would decrease the demand of natural river sand for the construction industry and the pollution caused from oyster shell waste dumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conduction of this study is motivated by the increase in the use of plastic-based products with negative impacts on the environment and health. This study aims to analyze plastic waste conversion into new renewable energy as a form of national sovereignty. This research is classified into the type of research that is qualitative. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of plastic waste management on reducing plastic waste which can then be used optimally through plastic waste management using a pyrolysis method. This research is normative legal research and using experimental method. The normative research approach is based on applicable laws and regulations. The experimental method research conducted with scientific approach. The data of this study were obtained from the results of analyzing the provisions of laws and regulations, journals, and relevant articles. Then, the data obtained will be analyzed descriptively analytically by analyzing and reviewing based on systematic rules to obtain an overview of the problems raised. The results of the study confirmed that first, plastic is a product that may produce fuel oil through pyrolysis, thermal cracking, and catalytic cracking methods. Second, data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia 2020 shows that the situation of Indonesia's oil and gas reserves in the last 10 years has indicated a downward trend. One of the ways to overcome this problem is to increase the quantity of reduce, reuse, and recycle into alternative energy sources into the new renewable energy using pyrolysis method as the implementation of 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hotel and Tourism Industry has experienced profound changes in recent years and has been one of the sectors most affected by COVID-19. With the return of tourist activity, many companies went back to their normal routines, but the sector has changed dramatically. Tourists have new expectations, needs, and priorities, and sustainability is the one that is most emphasised, particularly when it comes to excessive water consumption, misuse of energy, and poorly utilised waste. The industry has a unique opportunity to recognise the importance of sustainability and define strategies to guarantee customer satisfaction, in symbiosis with environmental concerns and the preservation of the planet for future generations. This study aims to characterise the good strategies and practices for environmental sustainability in Hospitality and Tourism, namely in terms of energy, water, and waste. The purpose is to present the procedures and processes that lead to greater sustainability performance and to accomplish this a focus group was organised, with 2 hospitality stakeholders, 2 environmental groups stakeholders, and 2 VET (Vocational Education and Training) stakeholders, to discuss and identify the main factors directly related to the excessive use of water and energy and the poor treatment of waste and ranked by the participants. The meeting was done face-to-face, lasted 3 hours, and was based on their expertise and good practices. The Hospitality and Tourism Industry is conscious of its ecological footprint, namely in terms of energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste management. Considering energy, some examples were given such as electricity-saving practices, using LED bulbs, occupancy sensors, and automatic light controls. With respect to water, it is mandatory to install low-slip faucets and shower heads, reduce laundry and cleaning, and recycle water that can be reused for irrigation or toilet flushing, reducing the use of fresh water. The research presented contributions to the growing Knowledge on this topic, and the findings propose a straightforward guide for managers in the Hospitality and Tourism industry. Further research is endorsed to reinforce the value of environmental sustainability and to involve a greater range of stakeholders with different profiles in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fulfill the operating and maintenance costs of waste water management in Bali, Bali Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2011 concerning Public Service Retribution, where the manager began to collect wastewater levies starting from September 2011. However, from 2011 to 2021 there was still no change in rates. In real conditions, it was found that household customers and the lodging sector did not match the registered classification. The purpose of this research is to design a new customer classification and levy rates that can meet the needs for the operation and maintenance of centralized wastewater management. The results of this study found that 26.67% of households and 82.35% of non-star hotels were not by their classification. Two household alternatives and one alternative for the lodging sector were designed to increase equitable income for the community. The alternative category of household classification assessment uses an assessment category based on the type of house (design I) and income (design II). In the classification of the lodging sector, star hotels are divided into 4 & 5-star hotels, and 1 – 3-star hotels (design III). The results of the income for the first-third design increased by 33.68%; 25.25%; and 25.39%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garbage is a problem that occurs in almost all parts of the world. The cause of waste that accumulates on earth is the result of increasing human consumption, population, and lack of awareness. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry said that in 2020, Indonesia produced 67.8 million tons of waste. The current Covid pandemic has also exacerbated the amount of waste production. The waste generated during the pandemic is mainly in the form of plastic and bubble wrap. Of course, this will worsen environmental conditions and the quality. Garbage can also cause disease and natural disasters and can also cause environmental pollution. The existence of the Waste Bank aims to make the environment cleaner, educate the public, and turn waste into Economic Goods. However, many people do not know this, coupled with the lack of use of technology. Therefore, this study aims to help reduce waste and educate the public by developing a mobile application. This application allows users to sell their waste through this Online Garbage Bank. In addition, users can use this application as an educational medium. This research is expected to reduce the existing waste and educate the public about the importance of protecting the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste problem is a problem that, until now, is quite challenging to overcome, especially with the amount of waste increasing daily. Data in 2019 shows that there are 175,000 tons of waste, of which 14% is plastic waste. The amount of waste indeed continues to grow over time. For this reason, it is necessary to take steps to overcome these problems. One of the steps that can be done is to take advantage of technology. In this research, it was explained how to develop a mobile-based application that is useful for educating and answering problems about waste. This application serves to pick up the waste and will later be managed to be used as a more useful form. This research also explained the results of the application feasibility test involving several respondents using the System Usability Scale (SUS) mechanism, where the results indicated that the application was running well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in waste generation will cause waste problems, one of which is garbage collection. The waste collection system that is not balanced with infrastructure is also one of the obstacles to good waste management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of household waste collection. Measurement of the rate of generation and composition of waste was carried out using the SNI 19-3964-1994 method and the stratified random sampling method with a sample of 41 families in Mimika Baru District. Measurement of the collection route was carried out by observing the waste officers in the village and residential areas with the SCA (Stationary Container System) approach for 3 consecutive days. The results of the study wre the rate of household waste generation of 0.279 kg/person.day and the composition of waste was dominated by food waste which was 67.17%. The collection pattern used is direct communal and indirect individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylitol is a common sugar replacement used throughout food and pharmaceutical applications as well as a component in a wide range of chemical products. Xylitol could be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, continued by fermentation of the xylose-rich hydrolysate using yeasts. To obtain better results during the fermentation of acid hydrolysate, the yeast should have a good tolerance to acidic environments. For improving the tolerance of Meyerozyma caribbica Y67 to low pH conditions, we suggested a short-term adaptation technique in this work to enhance xylitol production on sugarcane trash hemicellulosic hydrolysate (STHH). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term adaptation techniques and various pH in simple shake flasks for Meyerozyma caribbica Y67 yeast for obtaining the higher xylitol. The hydrolysate was prepared by dilute acid hydrolysis using 1.8% (v/v) maleic acid assisted by a microwave digester (1:10 solid/liquid ratio, 180 °C, 5 min, 195 rpm). Yeast was cultivated in YPX broth (pH 5.0) for 24 h to obtain inoculum cells and consecutively transferred to the subsequent YPX broth with variations in pH adjustment (4; 3.5; 3; 2.5) and each was adapted for 72 h. Adapted cells were used as inoculum in fermentations using STHH for 72-h at the same pH as that they were adapted to. Results of the study show that the adapted yeast at pH 2.5 produced the highest xylitol concentration, (0.48 g/L) with a yield (Yp/s) of 0.05 g/g xylose in 72 h compare to other adaptation conditions. Therefore, the short-term adaptation of yeast cells in STHH was demonstrated to be an effective method for enhancing yeast tolerance to the low pH of the acid hydrolysate as well as its fermentative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane trash is abundant underutilized biomass that has high hemicellulose content as a source of xylose. Inorganic salts, such as Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 could act as acids and hydrolyze biomass components, especially hemicellulose. The objectives of this study were to explore the use of different amounts of the two catalysts in the hydrolysis of sugarcane trash hemicellulose using two heating methods, an autoclave or microwave digester, with water or 1% oxalic acid as a medium. The amount of catalyst was 50 and 100 µmol/ g biomass, while the heat treatment was at 121 °C for 30 min in the autoclave or 180 °C for 5 min in the microwave digester. Results of the study show that the use of microwave digester with a catalyst of 100 µmol /g biomass in an acid medium resulted in the highest biomass solubilization (40.2-41.2%). The highest reducing sugar concentration (28.1-29.8 g/L) was obtained using an autoclave or microwave digester with an acid medium and FeCl3 catalyst (100 µmol /g biomass). However, if water medium is used, the highest solubilization and reducing sugar concentrations (24.1% and 15.6 g/L, respectively) are those from the process with Al2(SO4)3 catalyst (100 µmol /g biomass). The addition of catalysts to an acid medium does not increase or even decrease xylose concentration. Meanwhile, the addition of Al2(SO4)3 catalyst (100 µmol /g biomass) could increase xylose concentration from 0.1 to 2.4 g/L and xylooligosaccharide concentration from 1.4 to 6.3 g/L when the hydrolysis is conducted in water medium using a microwave digester. Hydrolysis using Al2(SO4)3 catalyst in a water medium is more promising as an alternative to acid hydrolysis in xylose production than using FeCl3 catalyst. The higher amount of catalyst resulted in higher biomass solubilization, reducing sugar and xylose concentrations in the hydrolysate. Processes using microwave digester give better results of hydrolysis, including xylose recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste disposal is indeed a challenge, and today modern greatest challenge is coming up with new strategies to utilize these residues. 3D printing technology had imparted various advantages such as high precision, reduction in polymer waste, and cost-effectiveness. Rice husk (RH), an agricultural waste with factors such as low cost, high availability, and sustainable show great potential for reinforcing polymer composite. Since high-density polyethylene (HDPE) accounts for most of the plastic waste, integrating RH reinforced recycled HDPE into the 3D printing context is another step toward reducing waste. This research investigates the influence of RH loading on the physical, mechanical, and morphological of sustainable 3D printing filaments made of rHDPE/RH. The density of the composite showed a reduction with the addition of RH fibre, indicating the opportunity to produce lightweight applications. Mechanical tests showed that tensile strength decreases with increasing RH loading, mainly due to the increasing presence of void, and the possibility of poor interfacial bonding at high fibre loading. Young's modulus and compressive strength increase, indicating the printed parts with the composite exhibit relatively stiffer and ductile properties. Furthermore, increasing RH loading has presented lower warping and shrinkage for the 3D printed specimen as compared to virgin rHDPE printed specimen. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the RH fibre was well dispersed throughout the rHDPE matrix, but with a large amount of void presence. Overall, the rHDPE/RH printed composites incorporated with favourable properties, good surface quality, low density, and cost-effectiveness show great potential in applying for additive manufacturing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of substantiating the main design and technological parameters of the bulldozer dump used for landfilling of solid waste at landfills. Similarity theory and physical modeling of processes were used to substantiate the main parameters of the bulldozer dump, and a method of physical modeling of the process of solid waste disposal was developed. The obtained results can be applied to a number of similar dump trucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides environmental regulation of emissions and discharges of pollutants to the environment by establishing standards for maximum permissible emissions and maximum permissible discharges. Also, the formation and disposal of production and consumption waste by establishing standards for maximum permissible waste. The ecological regulation of pollutants of enterprises for the extraction and processing of nonmetallic rocks is considered. The procedure for the implementation of environmental regulatory projects is outlined and calculation methods for determining pollutants, specific indicators, formation rates and waste disposal limits are given. As the results of the study, some data from the draft standards for the maximum permissible emissions of the Jom deposit for the extraction and processing of marble, developed according to the proposed method of execution and calculation, are given. In particular, the results of the inventory of emission sources and emissions of pollutants, characteristics of salvo emissions, as well as total standards for emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are given in the form of a table. The materials of the article can be used by engineering and technical specialists of enterprises for the extraction and processing of nonmetallic rocks, design and environmental organizations involved in the development of environmental regulatory projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare workers engage in a wide range of tasks, most of which are related to patient care. While performing their jobs, they may be exposed to a number of occupational risks, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychological dangers. The study aims to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes of medical and health workers about medical waste management. A cross-sectional study design was carried out from Nov.2021 to Mar. 2022. Six hundred medical and health staff were selected from Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and three health centers. This result found that most of the participants from the two groups were from the same age group (21-31) years. As for professions, most of the participants were lab. Technicians (28.3%), followed by the pharmacist (24%), then nurses (22.7%) for the hospital group. On the other hand, for the health centers group, most of the participants were lab. Technicians (24%), followed by nurses (17.7%), then pharmacists (16.7%). Most types of medical west for both groups were the general waste, followed by the sharps west in the hospital. However, infectious wests come second in the health centres. The situation for the rest types of waste was different between groups. 57.7% of participants who work at a hospital have good knowledge; however, 39% of health workers of health centres have good knowledge about the management of medical wests. From a different view, most of the participants with good knowledge of the hospital were lab. Technicians (13.7%), followed by nurses (12.7%), and medical assist. (11%). On the other hand, most health workers who work at health centres with good knowledge were pharmacists (19.7%), followed by lab. Technicians (7.7%) then nurses (5%). According to attitudes, 49% of health workers who are working in the hospital have a good attitude about the management of the medical wests; most of them were nurses (11.3%), followed by the lab. Technicians (11%). On the other side, (47%) of health workers that have good attitudes about the management of medical wests were in the lab. Technicians (16.7%) followed by nurses (11.7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masaro provides management system and technology to handle waste problem by reducing it to zero. A part of masaro technology is an incinerator called Plastic Refinery that has a function to handle non biodegradable and non recycled waste. The first application of this technology was handling waste at MAN 2 Cirebon as a school scale waste management. After its successfull implementation, the technology was then improved to handle bigger amount of waste, where the addition comes from Babakan Village, Ciwaringin, Cirebon. The challenge in implementing masaro system at the village society was educating the society to start sorting their waste into four catagories, i.e. fast biodegradable waste, slow biodegradable waste, burn waste, and recyclable waste. The education program for waste sorting from the house was started by training them and then supervision by a daily practical guide during masaro implementation. All four waste catagories are processed in the masaro unit to be agriculture products, however in this study only the operation of Plastic Refinery is presented. The operation study covers the distribution temperature of incineration combustion at every side and level at the bed. The study show that the dominant temperature is side b. Hence, to improve the incinerator performance, it is recomended to change or add the input feeding side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]