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DC sputtering method is employed to deposit Zinc Oxide films (ZnO) on glass substrates in Oxygen ambiance. The deposited film showed preferable orientation 101 with poor crystalline nature. The thickness of the film was found to be 525nm and sheet resistance was measured as 8kΩ/square. The UV-Visible spectroscopy investigations on the sample suggested that the sample is highly transparent over the visible region with a maximum transmission of 97% at 600nm. The absorption coefficient and refractive index values for different wavelengths are calculated. The band gap of the film is found to be 3.56eV from the (αhν)2--Energy plot. The obtained optical data of the sample is used to conduct Electron Transport Layer effect simulation studies in Inverted organic solar cell using GPVDM. The Inverted organic solar cell device is designed with P3HT:PCBM as active layer, PDOT:PSS/Ag as anode and ZnO/ITO as cathode. The studies revealed the optimum value of active layer thickness to be 175nm. Also, the best efficiency of 4.08% is derived by the device when the ZnO layer thickness was 50nm. Also, the device gave an efficiency of 4.09% for ZnO/FTO electrode structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc Oxide films (ZnO) were deposited on heated glass substrates at 4500C. XRD data revealed that the samples were having preferred orientation along (002) and (100). The calculated values of lattice parameters are in well agreement with the standard ZnO sample and is having hexagonal structure. The UV-Visible transmission and absorption spectra is recorded for the sample and found that the samples are transparent over the visible region. The absorption coefficient data suggested that the sample is having maximum absorption near UV region owing to the band gap. The Refractive Index data corresponding to the wavelength is extracted from the UV-Visible spectra. The band gap of the sample was found to be 3.38eV from (αhν)2--Energy plot. Using General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Modeling (GPVDM) software, simulation studies on the performance of Organic hybrid solar cell using ZnO buffer layers was conducted. The experimental optical data was used as the input for the studies using P3HT:PCBM as the Active Material. The observation suggested that the optimum thickness of the active layer for maximum Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) is 250nm. The studies were carried out for different values of the ZnO layer thickness and found that a maximum efficiency of 4.53% is obtained at 10nm for ZnO/Ag cathode. The simulation were repeated for ZnO/Al and ZnO/Au cathode configuration and an efficiency of 4.53% is obtained for ZnO/Al configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although delinquency is prevalent among juveniles, the mechanism of leading delinquency is inconclusive. However, much research suggests that there is a positive relationship between delinquency and the association with delinquent peers. Past studies show that youth often engage in delinquency with their peers. At the developmental stage of youth, peers are one of the most influential factors on individual's behavior. However, past research tends to measure the association with delinquent peers by asking the number of delinquent friends regardless structure. There is only handful research done with network approach in recent decades. However, they engaged in massive quantitative analysis which hinders researchers from seeing the function of cohesive peer groups regarding delinquency. I intend to reveal the mechanism of delinquency from structural aspect at much smaller scale .In my paper, I will attempt to explain the relationship between delinquency and delinquent peers with social network approach. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People live in the web of relationships. However, the mechanism of how people establish the relationship is relatively unknown. In this paper, I investigate how people establish basic or threshold relationships in a small setting, apartment complexes, focusing on geographical structure. My main concerns are the geographic proximity, presence of child(ren), duration of living, joining to social group, race/ethnicity, and age. I will analyze the pattern of interaction and what correlates to the presence of ties most. Mayhew has been highly vocal against individualistic view stating "American sociologists do not study sociology in the structural sense (1980, 339)." This means any social phenomenon should be studied in the context of social networks. I agree with his point that structures matter, especially when sociologists look at the interaction in a limited environment which is important to people's daily life. Simultaneously, social network analysis should be conducted within specific structure. In other words, massive quantitative analysis with random sampling is less applicable for social network analysis because ties are less likely to be found among respondents who are randomly chosen. With that in mind, this current study conducted at an apartment complex is suitable to know hoe people interacted with each other. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes development of mhealth application "mWellcare" for the integrated management of hypertension and diabetes in public primary health care settings. mWellcare application was developed in four phases: identifying gaps in usual care; identifying components of intervention; developing intervention; evaluating acceptability and feasibility through pilot testing. Final version of mWellcare application is capable of computing personalized evidence-based management plan for hypertension, diabetes and co-morbid conditions (depression and alcohol use disorder). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, delinquency among college students is out of mainstream research by scholars. However, the age-crime curve suggests that people in their late teens and early twenties engage in crime the most. We will conduct a web survey of undergraduate students at Washington State University to analyze how prevalent delinquency is among college students. Alcohol consumption is also prevalent among college students. We will be asking students' daily alcohol consumption habits, overall college experience, delinquency, and victimization in the previous semester. We are looking for alcohol related patterns of violence through students' self-diagnosis of delinquency and victimization. Further, the relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance is examined. This study is also designed to help understand the unique aspects of students' experience and the impact of alcohol on other areas of students' life. This study helps to assess crime, perceived risk, fear of victimization, and security problems within the campus community. The survey will be distributed to a random sample of 7,000 WSU undergraduate students on Pullman campus for our web survey. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]