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Riboflavin is an intrinsic component of significant nutritional and growth factors of living organisms. It was fermentatively synthesized from different microorganisms such as Ashbya gossypii, Eremothecium ashbyii, Candida famata, and Bacillus subtilis. This water-soluble vitamin is a part of commercial interest since, the earliest decade when human health was in threat. Despite its multiple utilities in all market sectors, the global riboflavin market is seeming to increase its demand, annually. To that, findings affecting to various environmental and nutritional factors contributing to riboflavin yield were improvised with a cost-effective statistical experimental design. Previously, the individual effect of components on riboflavin production was evaluated via One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method. Using recombinant Ashbya gossypii strain, the combined effects of six variables (sunflower oil, corn steep liquor, yeast extract, glycine, potassium phosphate, and Tween 60) were assessed in Plackett-Burman Design. A total of five statistically significant (P<0.05) factors - sunflower oil, Tween 60, corn steep liquor, glycine, and potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) were identified. The statistical analysis proposed that the linear mathematical model used for prediction is significant with the coefficient of determination R2(0.9025). Comparatively to the original medium composition, 49% of higher metabolite was achieved based on the model of the optimized medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garcinia latissima Miq. belongs to Clusiaceae and is locally known as dolomagota or manggis papua. The fruits contain numerous beneficial phytochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Antimicrobial activity is foundto be presented in the extract of this indigenous fruit that is capable of inhibiting the development of certain pathogens. Although it carries great potential as food or medicinal products, people have not fully utilized this fruit. The lack of scientificinformation about this plant and a relatively short period of fruit shelf life is likely to be the main factors contributing to the minimum utilization of this fruit. Therefore, this study develops the post-harvest technology of this underutilized indigenous plant through production a fruit jam as a simple and well-accepted product. We revealed that the fresh fruit of G. latissima had a comparable vitamin C to the widely common fruits. Organoleptic analysis exhibited that the fruit jam derived from 1 kg fruit pulp+1 kg sugar+2 g cornstarch was the most acceptable formula, according to the panelists. Furthermore, theorganoleptic-test-selected fruit jam also contained 21.8 mg/ 100 g vitamin C, 0.24% protein, 0.26% fat, and 0.10% ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elimination of riboflavin (RF) from aqueous environments is important due to its potential adverse effects on living organisms and the enhancement of bacterial tolerance. The current research deals with the removal of riboflavin FR using concentration AC (5-50 mg L-1), solution pH (3.0-10), dose adsorbent (0.01-0.15 gm) and contact time (10-120.0 min). To evaluate the properties of the adsorbent, F.T-IR was used and a high efficiency in removal of (RF) from its aqueous solution and a very high adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar (Al- Hamidhiya Research Station) during the spring and fall seasons of 2018. The treatment combinations were randomly distributed in three replicates of randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split plot arrangement, where four concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) of riboflavin (Vitamin B2) occupied the main plots, while the four maize cultivars (5012, Alrabee, Alnoor and Safa) were placed in the sub plots. This investigation was launched to estimate the genetic variation of yield and its contributors in four maize cultivars under four concentrations of sprayed riboflavin. The yield and its components were studied in terms of both, performance and variations, accordingly genetic and environmental variations, in addition to the broad sense heritability were estimated. The highest ratios of genetic to environmental variation were 13 and 9.3 exhibited by grains per row and grain weight, respectively. The same two traits showed the highest values of broad sense heritability (92.79% and 90.00%, respectively). However, Safa cv. was outperformed by revealing the highest 250 grain weight (51.2 g) and a yield of 121.51 g plant-1 in the fall season. The concentrations of sprayed riboflavin significantly affected most of the studied traits in both spring and fall growing seasons. The two practiced factors have significantly interacted in most of the investigated traits. It can be concluded that the yield components are mainly controlled by the heredity factors, thus the adoption of grains per row and grain weight will be more efficient for assessing the yield potential in maize crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A poly (riboflavin) modified pencil graphite electrode was fabricated by electropolymerization process. The fabricated electrode was characterized morphologically and electrochemically. Dopamine and serotonin was found to undergo irreversible electroxidation at potentials 0.103 V and 0.292 V respectively on the modified electrode surface in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4. Also the potential of the developed electrode as a tool to determine the concentrations of serotonin and dopamine was also described. The sensor possesses a linear range of 1 µM – 320 µM. The efficiency of the sensor to be used in practical samples was tested using human serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticles are widely acclaimed as plasmonic substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to their unique particle plasmon resonances at visible and near infrared regions. Silver nanoparticles are typically employed in SERS when the targeted Raman signature zone of analytes lies at ultra-violet and/or blue to green spectral regimes. Even though silver has strong plasmonic properties, silver-based substrates are often affected by the atmospheric oxidation and show degradation in their SERS performance. One way to overcome this limitation is to use silver chloride crystals as oxidation resistant intermediate and photoreduce them to ‘fresh’ silver just before SERS analysis. In this work, we study the SERS activity of the photoreduced silver chloride crystals. We perform Raman analysis of three Raman active analytes, adenine, rhodamine 6G and riboflavin at both visible (514 nm) and near-infrared (785 nm) excitations. Our experimental outcomes show that such photoreduced silver chloride crystals can be exploited as SERS active substrates for both visible and near-infrared applications. Our numerical simulations reveal that these photoreduced silver chloride crystals are strong scatterers at multiple wavelengths and hence, could be very useful for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopic applications where multiple wavelengths are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence spectroscopy is an evolving technology that can rapidly differentiate between benign and malignant tissues. These differences are thought to be due to endogenous fluorophores, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and tryptophan, and absorbers such as β-carotene and hemoglobin. This is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that can identify diseased tissue sites in situ and in real time could have a major impact on the detection and treatment of cancer. This study evaluates the utility of autofluorescence and spectroscopy to distinguish tissue transformation associated with the malignant change in two types of human cancer—colorectal and breast cancer—Fluorescence spectra were obtained using a high-sensitivity fiber optic spectrometer and using two types of excitation sources, Argon laser with an emission at wavelength 488 nm and Xenon lamp. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity changes from normal to malignant tissue samples may be explained in terms of simple collagen, oxidized riboflavins and NAD(P)H intensity changes. In the future, improving our understanding of the biological changes that can be assessed using spectroscopy will not only improve optical techniques but also provide new tools to better understand cancer biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]