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The process of inter-sectoral cohesiveness in agriculture that utilizes the remainder of the management process from one sector, which is then reused in other sectors to produce another useful benefit, can maintain the sustainability of land productivity. This model is often called biocylofarming. Use this rule as an example model, and utilize the sub-optimal optimal dry land area of 6.8 ha owned by Pacitan Agricultural Technology Park (PATP), based on the integration of upland rice, beef cattle breeding, and the siem orange industry. This model has the effect of maintaining the productivity of PATP drylands by 37.5-51.3%. Sixty-five beef cattle have produced 130 t/year of organic fertilizer needed to improve soil fertility around 95 t/year for upland rice in a cropping pattern with beans integrated with siem orange farming. PATP land capability for Inpago 30 variety of upland rice is 4 ha, produces 60 t straw/year, and is only able to meet the needs of about 24 forage cattle. The introduction of 2.0 ha of Setaria grass planted on the inter-citrus embankment produces 85.0 t/ha, which can meet the shortage of forage needs for 41 beef cattle. Changes in sub-optimal dry land that increase fertility, beneficial for the speed of growth of the siem orange and the frequency of planting beans The siem orange at the age of 18 months had the first harvest yielded 12.6 ± 3.2 kg of fruit/plant or 7.9 tons of fruit/ha in one crop. Citrus yield will continue to increase in line with the increasing age of the plant with harvest time adjusted to the needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food is one of the very basic needs for humans. Along with the increasing population growth rate, the need for food also increases in quality and quantity. The staple food consumed by most Indonesians is rice. Government Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning Food Security and Nutrition states that one of the indicators of achieving food and nutrition sufficiency is by diversifying food and improving community nutrition. Diversification of food types including the introduction of local food ingredients to reduce rice consumption. One of the potential local food ingredients in Indonesia is sago and palm sugar. The nutritional content of sago in the form of protein, calcium, iron and teonine is still lower than rice and dry corn. For this reason, the quality of processing sago into flour needs to be improved to meet better nutritional content by means of fortification. In addition, Indonesia still faces health problems in the form of obesity and stunting. Current data shows that there are around 28 toddlers who suffer from stunting out of 100 toddlers. This study aim to create a diversification product based on sagoo by improve the nutritional value through fortification process using porang and palm granules as fortificant agents. Biscuits are the type of diversification product that created in this study. The biscuits were made with seven (7) formula variants (B1-B7) with different levels of each main ingredient. Proximate analysis and organoleptic tests were conducted to determine respondents' nutritional value and level of preference for the research product. The results show that one formula did not meet the nutritional standards based on the reference from the National Standards Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the organoleptic test showed that formula of B2 were the most preferred variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of upland in many areas in Indonesia has not been optimally utilized for the development of rice and other food crops. This is due to the cultivation of upland rice, which depends on the intensity of rainfall, the high level of soil acidity (pH<5.0), and the soil has undergone intensive nutrient leaching, which leads to nutrient-poor soils, especially in dry land with a wet climate. This research aimed to obtain recommendations for appropriate amelioration technology for rice cultivation in dry land on Al-stressed soils. This study used factorial RCBD repeated 3 times, where the first factor was ameliorant (control, dolomite, lime, dolomite-manure, lime-manure, dolomite-humic acid, lime humic acid), and the second factor was upland rice varieties (Inpago 11 and Inpago 12). Observations included plant growth, Al toxicity scoring, yield, and yield components. The use of tolerant varieties in soils with moderate to high Al stress, needs to be accompanied by a combination of ameliorating materials to obtain optimum growth and yields. The best combination of ameliorant for growth and yield was Inpago 12, 1.3 t/ha, and humic acid was 20 kg/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determining factors for the acceptance of new superior varieties are rice productivity and grain quality. However, the quality factor of rice is rarely a concern, even though the quality of the rice grain will determine the price. This study aimed to evaluate the physical grain quality of the six new superior rice varieties planted during dry planting seasons in Muara Tami, Jayapura. The materials used were rice varieties of Inpari 34, Inpari 43, Inpago 8, Inpago 11, Inpago 12, Inpara 8, and Mekongga. The grain quality was evaluated using the IRRI standard evaluation system (SES) and SNI 6128:2015. The results showed that the variety affected grain length, grain width, length-width ratio, whiteness, translucency, milling degree, the percentage of head rice, percentage of broken rice, percentage of groats, the percentage of chalky grain, the percentage of yellow grain, yield of brown rice, and the percentage of foreign matter. Inpari 43 contained the highest percentage of head rice at 71.9%. The percentage of head rice was positively and significantly correlated with grain length, length-width ratio, and translucency. However, the percentage of head rice was negatively and significantly different from grain width, the percentage of broken rice, the percentage of groats, and the percentage of foreign matter. This study shows that the selection of varieties affects the physical grain quality of the rice produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The declining quality of river water in Banjarmasin due to the influences of numerous community activities became a major concern. High turbidity of the water river will cause health problems if local communities use river water directly. In order to overcome this problem, rain garden columns without plants incorporated with adsorbents from activated charcoal of rice husk are utilized as an alternative river water treatment. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of adsorbent material from rice husk activated charcoal placed in the rain garden column without plants. Experimental methods are used in the present study. The dry rice husks were burned in a furnace at 400 oC for 2 hours. The resulting charcoal was then passed through a 100 mesh sieves and chemically activated by immersing in HCl 4 N for 24 hours. After activation process, the charcoal is placed in the rain garden column system with 7, 9, and 11 cm thicknesses. According to the characterization results, activated charcoal from rice husk contains a water content of 10%, an ash content of 4%, and an iodine absorption of 875.61 percent. BET evaluation results revealed the presence of a large number of pores in the activated charcoal of rice husk, with a specific surface area of 140.324 m2/g and an average pore size of 18 nm. The efficiency of turbidity reduction in the rain garden column with the addition of rice husk activated charcoal ranges from 49 to 81%. This study suggested that the efficiency of turbidity removals was mainly affected by the thickness of the rice husk activated charcoal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upland red rice has long been cultivated by the community and generally for consumption because of its limited production. Red rice is often consumed to complement sago's staple food to meet nutritional adequacy from both sources. Red rice produced from upland red rice is generally fluffier with a smooth texture, fragrant aroma and rich in anthocyanins. Preliminary research shows that some local upland rice lines tolerate drought stress and shade. Upland rice is usually developed on dry land and can also be grown as an insert plant between rows of young plantation/forestry plants. However, upland rice, developed as an interplant, generally produces low production. This study aims to obtain upland red rice that is shade tolerant and has high production potential, which will later be developed in an organic cropping pattern. The results showed that (1) Shade significantly affected plants' vegetative components, including plant height, leaf length, leaf area, and the number of tillers. (2) Shade significantly affects plants' generative components, including the percentage of empty grain and dry grain production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying of unhulled rice was investigated at an air temperature set of 45 °C and for 60 minutes. Different masses of unhulled rice (150 gr, 200 gr, 250 gr, and 300 gr) were dried using a swirling fluidized bed dryer. The experiment drying data of unhulled rice were applied for six drying models, namely Lewis, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Midilli et al., and Linear-plus-exponential. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the experimental and predicted moisture ratios using non-linear regression analysis. The linear-plus-exponential model is the most suitable/appropriate model to describe the drying kinetics of unhulled rice with 0.012930738 of RSME and 0.998794312 of R2. The lowest and highest values of RMSE and R2 respectively from a particular model are the best models in predicting unhulled rice drying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high level of rice consumption with specific rice preferences makes it necessary to meet the needs of West Sumatra province in rice. The abundance of genetic diversity, especially the local upland rice from West Sumatera, makes a great opportunity in obtaining local cultivars with the desired characteristics. The study aimed to assess the performance, heritability, and variability of grain characters of 29 local upland rice cultivars of West Sumatera. The evaluation of 29 local upland rice cultivars was conducted at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed the variation in grain size and shape and 100-grain weight among 29 West Sumateran local upland rice cultivars. The upland rice was classified into extra-long and long grain size, slender and medium grain shape, and light and heavy 100-grain weight. Two cultivars possess low amylose content, 17 cultivars with moderate amylose content, and ten cultivars with high amylose content, indicating high amylopectin content dominated most West Sumateran local upland rice cultivars revealed creamy and sticky texture of rice after cooking. The Phenotypic Coefficient Variance (PCV) was higher than the Genotypic Coefficient Variance (GCV) for all characters, indicating the environmental influences on the expression of these characters. High heritability estimates were detected for all characters, indicating selection might be successful for grain size, shape, and 100-grain weight characters. Among 29 West Sumateran local upland rice cultivars, Buyar that performed extra long grain size, medium grain shape, moderate amylose content (23,6%), was higher in 100-grain weight (3.18 g) than Jatiluhur as control variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated carbon is needed as an additive in the cathode and anode materials of the battery. Rice husk is a carbon source that allows it to be synthesized into activated carbon using an activator. Measurements using a simultane thermal analyzer (STA) showed that changes in the thermal pattern of rice husks occurred at temperatures of 400°C and 700°C. Dry and clean rice husks were carbonated at 400°C for 2 hours, activated with HCl, H3PO4, NaOH, or ZnCl2, then calcined at 700°C for 2 hours. The crystal structure analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that carbon was formed and the results of morphological observations using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the formation of activated carbon with an average pore diameter of 15 mm. The results of measurements using the impedance capacitance resistance meter showed the highest value 6.48x10-4 S.cm-1 was found in the use of 0.1 M NaOH activator, showing the most effective activator in comparison to other activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening and evaluation of 100 upland rice accessions were carried out to investigate the traits that contribute to high yield. This study also aimed to provide information of rice germplasm, especially upland rice, which have high yield and tolerance against acid soils (aluminium toxicity) for further breeding purposed. The research was conducted at the Cikeumeuh Experimental Station, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, West Java Province and Taman Bogo Experimental Station, Lampung, Lampung Province using a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the total spikelet number was among traits indicating high correlation and significant contribution to total sample weight. The accession with the highest total weight was Padi Plastik (21013), while the one with the highest total spikelet was Ketan Hitam (Jatim 6). The evaluation of resistance to acid land obtained five tolerant accessions, namely Rumbu A (20535), Kmadha Kedhi (20747), Segreng (Jateng 13), Local A (Jateng 14), and Marus A (Jateng 18). Clustering of 100 upland rice has grouped the accessions into three clusters where the Ketan Putih rice (Jatim 44) was the accession with the most different characteristics of flowering age and total spikelet than the others. The results of this study might be used as a reference for developing upland rice varieties with high yield potential and tolerance to acid soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is planted after rice in dry season II which usually faces yield loss due to drought. The objective of this research was to determine the seed yield stability and adaptability of soybean lines tolerant to drought during the reproductive stage. A total of 15 soybean genotypes consisted of 13 promising lines and 2 check varieties were evaluated in eight locations for seed yield trait and their adaptability during dry season II of 2017. Dering 1 and Grobogan varieties were used as check for drought tolerance and large seed size, respectively. Results of the study showed that 2 out of 13 soybean lines, AB-157-41-22 and DM-122-35-17, had the highest seed yield potential of 3.32 and of 2.99 t/ha, respectively. Average seed yield per ha of the two lines were 2.49 and 2.42 t/ha, respectively, which were higher than Dering 1 as check variety for drought tolerance (each 17.5 and 25.2%). Of the two selected lines, DM-122-35-17 showed stable adaptation across eight environments, while AB-157-41-22 was unstable adaptation. The two check varieties, Dering 1 and Grobogan, were both unstable across eight location with lower seed yield than AB-157-41-22 and DM-122-35-17. Therefore, soybean line DM-122-35-17 could be recommended as new variety possessing drought tolerance, high seed yield, large seed size, and stable in field performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural land use on peatlands inevitably causes ongoing land surface subsidence resulting in a reduction of productivity. In addition, oxidation of the peat substrate associated with subsidence is responsible for greenhouse gas emission with the ensuing consequence for global climatic stability. A concept of "paludiculture", the utilisation of wet or rewetted peatlands for agriculture, has been proposed in European countries to avoid further subsidence and greenhouse gas emission. However, few studies have documented a long-term record of subsidence through agriculture in wet peatlands such as paddy fields for rice cultivation. In this study, we measured the subsidence rates of peatland in rice paddy use and compared them to the rates in peatland with upland crop cultivation. The average subsidence between 2006 and 2016 for the paddy plots was 3.6±1.9 cm (± SE) and significantly less than that of 25.6±1.7 cm for the upland plots, and the subsidence reduced linearly as the period of paddy use increased. These results suggest that paddy use of peatlands can effectively reduce subsidence. Our results will encourage the use of peatlands with a wet environment as one of the valid options for future peatland management in terms of mitigation of land subsidence and peat loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides on irrigated field, rice cultivation in Indonesia is also carried out on dry land and generally only once planting a year. To find out the possibility of increasing cropping rice index, from once planting to twice planting a year, an assessment was done in Druju village, Sumber Manjing Wetan, Malang Regency. The first planting was conducted in the 2013/2014 (November 2013 until March 2014) and the second planting was done in early 2014 (April until July 2014). A randomized block design with four replications was used. As treatment was integrated crop management technology (ICM) and improvement technology using the upland rice new variety (Inpago 4) that compared to existing technology using lowland rice variety (Cibogo). The result showed that the plants had grown normally until the harvested time, both in the first and second planting times. The highest yield was obtained from ICM treatment about 6.36 t/ha in the first planting and about 3.78 t/ha in the second planting. While in existing treatment only reached 2.99 t/ha in the first planting season and 1.50 t/ha in the second planting season. This result indicated that the increase of cropping rice index was feasible to conduct in the dry land of Malang Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]