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Ulvan is a water-soluble polysaccharide containing a sulfate group isolated from Ulva, a green alga with unique structural properties and the potential to be developed in biomaterials supported by biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory. This research aims to isolate ulvan from Ulva lactuca and to study the characteristic of the ulvan functional groups. The methods used were extraction with hydrochloride acid 0.1 M and precipitation using ethanol 96% to obtain a percent yield of ulvan. The ulvan structure was characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. The amount of sugar was determined using phenol-sulfuric acid method. The results showed the yield of ulvan produced about 23.34% at maximum UV-Vis wavelength of 205 nm and the FTIR spectra significant at 854.47-1097.50 cm−1 of sulphated polysaccharides region. The sugar content of the isolated ulvan which extracted using hydrochloric acid 0.1 M was 1.4124 mg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed or macroalgae are rich in valuable bioactive compounds like proteins, carotenoids, and phenolics, making them of high commercial interest. This study focuses on investigating the extraction of protein components from the green macroalgae species Ulva lactuca using a conventional extraction method with food-grade procedures. We examined the impact of three operational variables: temperature (30–70 °C), duration (1–3 hours), and solute-to-solvent ratio (1-10% w/v) on the extract yield, determined gravimetrically through Kjeldahl analysis. The analysis revealed that the optimal extraction conditions were at 70 °C for 3 hours with a 10:100 (g/mL) solute-to-solvent ratio. The key factors in the extraction process were identified using a Two-Level Factorial design, with the solute-to-solvent ratio showing significant effects and the optimum condition at 10:100 (g/mL). Extraction duration and temperature, however, had a less significant impact on protein yields. The experimental and predicted results were in good agreement, confirming the reliability of the corresponding regression models for prediction. This protein fraction can be further concentrated and purified for use in food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemonchosis is a parasitic disease that results in severe anemia, and acute disease outbreaks leading to economic losses. It is the role of the pathogenic nematode parasite found in sheep's abomasum, Haemonchus contortus, which is frequently eradicated by administration of bio-compounds with anthelmintic action, such as tropical marine vegetation. The study is aimed to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of tropical macroalgae Ulva spp., which is commonly found in the south of Java Island, Indonesia, against H. contortus. The water-based infusion of freeze-dried Ulva spp. samples were tested at a concentration of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% dry matter based (w/v) respectively in a total volume of 5 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride into the petri dishes, and 0.5 mg/mL of albendazole as a positive control. The results showed that the water-based Ulva spp. extract significantly inhibited the motility of the adult worms by 4% and 6% (w/v). Nevertheless, neither 4% nor 6% has matched the efficacy of albendazole. There was a negative correlation (P = 0.0001) between the number of live worms (y) and the concentration (x) of Ulva's infusion (r = -0.3468) with regression equation y = 97.71–3.645x. It was revealed that as concentration increased, the proportion of living worms decreased. This study showed L, a*, and b* color value coordinates of Ulva were 49.4,-9.05, and 18.58, respectively. The freeze-drying can maintain the natural green color of Ulva spp. These findings indicate that the water-based Ulva spp. the extract has the potential to be employed as a bio-anthelmintic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the herbal plants that have been identified in Indonesia, one of them is Benalu Batu or Begonia sp. Begonia sp is a new endemic plant species from the family Begoniceae which has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of applying seaweed liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at different concentrations on the growth of benalubatu plant. This research was conducted at the screen house of the Permanent Nursery of the Palu-Poso Watershed and Protected Forest Management Center, Tadulako University, Palu during July to September 2022. This research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with different concentration levels of seaweed liquid organic fertilizer consisted in six levels of treatments ; R0 = control, R1 = 25ml/L, R2 = 50ml/L, R3 = 75ml/L, R4 = 100ml/L, and R5 = 125ml/L. The results showed that applying seaweed LOF affected the benalubatu plant seedling. The R4 treatment had a significant effect on time of emergence of the first shoots, the time of the first bud break, and root length. However, hadno effect on the number of shoots [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass pretreatment is the most important yet challenging process in biofuel production, with the aim of making part of the biomass more accessible for further treatment. There are four fundamental types of pretreatment techniques employed for bioethanol production: physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological. Wet oxidation (WO) in fact is known to be one of the most effective pretreatments to liberate more cellulose from lignocellulosic material by heating, in purpose of reducing acid usage in the bioethanol process. The effect of two different conditions of WO pretreatment on fractionation cassava peels, Ulva algae, and water hyacinth was investigated. WO resulted in an increase of carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic residues as a result of the solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose. The highest carbohydrate content of 1.5g/L was obtained in the pretreatment at 125°C, 45 min, 1.5 bar pH3 for water hyacinth. The pretreatment efficiency was 95%. Changing the pretreatment operating conditions to 130°C, 75 min, 1.8 bar and pH1 allowed to yield high carbohydrate from cassava peel and Ulva algae in respective proportion of 2.38g/L and 1.83 g/L. The WO efficiency was respectively 63% and 95% for cassava peels and Ulva algae. Ethanol yields in respective proportion of 0.26 g/l; 0.31 g/l and 0.2 g/l from Ulva algae, cassava peel and water hyacinth showed the optimum condition of Neurospora.Sp enzymatic convertibility of glucose to ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca is highly abundant in most coastal areas of Lombok, Indonesia. Previous studies have revealed Ulva contains valuable components, such as bioactive compounds, food or biofuel. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Ulva lactuca found in different parts of Lombok Island coastal areas. The seaweeds were collected from Batu Layar (BL), Tanjung Aan (TA), and Seriwe (SW) in May 2019. Ethanol extracts of the seaweeds were determined for their antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolics were determined by colometric method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Although they are the same species, all samples showed various antioxidant activities. Seaweed Ulva lactuca from TA (ULA) and Batu Layar (ULB) exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with a low IC50 522.23 ± 43 μg/mL and 534.76 ± 14 μg/mL respectively compared to Ulva lactuca from Seriwe (ULS; IC50 682.23 ± 23 μg/mL). However, positive control Ascorbic acid demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidant activity with IC50 of 67 ± 4.6 μg/mL). Furthermore, the total phenolic contents (TPC) of ULS, ULB, ULA were 2.675 ± 0.5 mgGAEg−1, 5.13 ± 0.8 mgGAEg−1, 5.33 ± 2.1 mgGAEg−1 respectively. Flavonoid contents were 19.031 ± 2.1 mgREg−1, 25.315 ± 2.6 mgREg−1, and 28. 053 ± 1.58 mgREg−1 respectively. Current data shows that different locations with different environmental conditions could result in different biological activity of the seaweeds. Green seaweed Ulva lactuca found in BL and TA with more extreme conditions could be considered as source for antioxidants and could be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major leading fact for environmental issue is due to pollution. Water pollution is basically the effective cause herewith due to pollutants released from industries, battery waste, e-waste etc. To eradicate the health issues in relation to environment is observed when heavy metals are removal from wastewater to some extent. Lead is one of the highest toxic metal among others. In the present work, the biosorption of lead from wastewater using marine algae ulva lactuaca is carried away. biosorption is considered as an effective process. The Optimization of biosorbed lead under the experimental process is predicted by the help of the 3-D RSM designing. CCD (central composite design) is a 3 D design used to illustrate the optimum conditions according to the experiment performed and support to justify the final results obtained as an optimum values of pH 3.67, dosage 12 g/L, concentration 30.01 mg/L, Temperature 318K and % removal and Desirability are shown best as 94.9566 % and 0.808 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]