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By steady scientific research carried out in the last decades was possible to register wanted technological advance oriented also to succeed in shaping sustainable smart cities. Nowadays several cities on European level and not only are starting the implementation of smart city design strategies, which are foremostly developed by access to needed databases as well as by specific approaches related to location intelligence supporting by this shaping appropriate policies on local level. Smart cities imply effective integration of physical, digital, and human systems to ensure a wanted sustainable, and prosperous future for their citizens. Location intelligence represents the ability to visualize spatial data to identify and analyze relationships and trends on local level, answering questions regarding available infrastructure, as well as roads with highest priority for maintenance by minimizing potential traffic disruptions. The more location intelligence offers diverse odds for an efficient urban planning by considering precise historical and present traffic patterns with the goal of designing short- and longterm urban development strategies for the benefit of citizens. The five Green Initiatives for Location Intelligence will be presented as well as a case study as an application example of applying location intelligence in a Romanian city with the goal of assuring best strategies for shaping sustainable smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a method widely used by the scientific community to study the dispersion of air pollutants in urban areas. This article analyzes the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics models and their validation methods used to estimate pedestrian exposure to traffic-related air pollutants. This work proposes an exploratory methodology based on a literary review. A total of 28 articles were selected and analyzed from 455 articles published in the Scopus database in 2018–2023. The results show the effects of meteorological variables, such as wind speed and wind direction, on the dispersion of pollutants, especially the effects demonstrating that, at higher wind speeds, they tend to disperse more quickly, which reduces the concentration of these pollutants at the level of the pedestrian respiratory zone. Computational fluid dynamics is an advantageous tool; however, it is necessary to complement it with other models that consider the physical activity of people and thus more precisely evaluate the effect of inhaled pollutants on the entire respiratory system of pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion in urban context is a global issue and the aerial transportation is an alternative to overcome congestions. Further, forever increasing energy demand and rising fuel prices, the continual advancement in efficiency is essential. The aviation industry has the potential to benefit from hybrid-electric powertrain systems, like automotive industry [1]. In this research a novel approach in the design of a near future air traveling two-seater vehicle, dubbed an e-copter (evolutionary, electric hybrid) has been carried out. This design offered extended functionalities such as vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) and short take-off and landing (STOL). Further, hybrid electrical motor wheels for driving and two horizontal ducts with propellers for propulsion provided alternative solution. This paper presents transformative technologies used to develop a specification sheet and detailed model of the ecopter. Such examples are use of finite element methods (FEM), computational dynamics (CDs) and Metaverse for various engineering optimisations. Using FEM and CD an optimised chassis and body design was evaluated for required performance. The design criteria constituted different load cases, boundary, and material conditions to effectively mimic the physical functional aspects. Amongst several criteria safety, simplified design, cost, weight, manufacturing methods, ergonomics and ease of assembly were evaluated. Using Metaverse ergonomics and visualisation studies involved ingress and egress of the vehicle while providing also providing a full 1-1 mock-up of the craft for the clientele to inspect and manoeuvre around for verification purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ground-based measurements, the impact on air pollution over the Greater Athens Area (GAA) due to the two public lockdown periods (first lockdown period: 23 March 2020 until 3 May 2020; second lockdown period: 7 November 2020 until 2 May 2021) in the GAA implemented to stop the spread of the COVID-19 is analyzed. The findings demonstrated that vehicular traffic is the main culprit of air pollution in the GAA, while secondary factors for the air pollution over the GAA are considered heating systems and the weather, while the 'ozone paradox' was noticed, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subway construction in the central parts of cities requires the implementation of the latest technological advances in underground construction. These achievements relate to the construction of the main road arteries of the metro. Despite the implemented technical innovations in mass construction, problems need to be solved that require a creative approach for unique cases in technology and security. Risk cases along the subway route are most often concentrated in areas in contact with existing facilities and continuous traffic on the adjacent infrastructure. In these areas, problems arise with the security of underground structures both during construction and during operation. The most serious cases in practice are when crossing existing subway lines, as well as during the reconstruction of subways and subway stations under the main boulevards of the capital. Then it is necessary that the temporary steel facilities are not only an auxiliary part of the process of realization of technical solutions, but become a main component in solving the problems of security and risk in the stages of construction. The application of destructive technologies in the reconstruction of existing underground facilities requires a combination of the basic principles between bridge and tunnel construction. The combination of these principles leads to unique technical solutions for underground constructions in an infrastructure-saturated urban environment. Through the discussed geomechanical aspects with specific examples, the report aims to support the practice of mathematical modeling and construction in an urban environment of underground metro facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of population and road users is increasing every year, and road network development that has not been carried out optimally has had a significant impact on the current congestion. This condition can be seen in several roads that experience an increase in vehicle's morning and evening rush hours. This situation makes the government have to implement traffic restriction policies congestion can be unraveled. One of them is the application of Electronic Road Pricing (ERP). This paper will discuss ERP system implementation plan. This research method was carried out through a field survey by collecting data from the ERP road section of the Blok M-Kota corridor with a sample of Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat. The analysis is carried out to determine the level of road services and the cost of congestion before and after ERP implementation. The results showed that the road service level on Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat is E, where the road characteristics have unstable currents, low speed, and vary, the volume is close to the road capacity. ERP is calculated to have the potential to reduce congestion costs by Rp.221,788/hour with a reduction in vehicle volume by 19% if ERP is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation is a basic element of society and is a part of life necessary for the development of civilization. Currently, for the public, the most important and most used is land transport including road and rail transport. Road transport, more significant of these two types, is realized by a land road network, a continuous line structure of roads and paved roads passing through the landscape and connecting each settlement and other important points. Recently, this type of transport is also a high-discussed topic, especially passenger car transport. The constant increase in the density of road traffic, the speed and the rush of today leads to an increase in the load and pressure that is exerted on users of these spaces. This has a major impact on traffic safety, especially in urban areas, where the area of the road network is used not only by motor vehicle drivers but also by pedestrians and cyclists. The road network itself is not a dangerous matter, the danger poses a dynamic element which is mostly created by its users. The element that poses the greatest risk is undoubtedly the motor vehicle and its driver. On the other hand, there is a pedestrian against this “iron mass”, a man without any facility that would protect him. He or she thus becomes the most endangered user in the traffic, the one who should be always taken into account at first place and roads should be provided with maximum safety for pedestrians. The aim of the paper is to present two case-studies addressing this issue from the perspective of Czech drivers in comparison with drivers from the Nordic countries. These studies will identify and compare basic aspects of road traffic, such as the psychological characteristics of drivers, possible differences in road behavior, general road network modifications and differences as for example the use of speed control elements. The second part of the paper shows specific modifications of the road network from previous case-studies which have a positive psychological effect on users and can be used in modifications of the road network, for example, when there is a need to calm down the communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of the number of cars is an objective social process. The constant increase in the number of cars complicates the environmental situation in large cities and megacities. Road transport is one of the main sources of air pollution. The formation of toxic substances from cars exhausts is closely related to the processes of fuel oxidation and engine operating modes, which depend on the mode of movement of cars. The aim of this study is to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions through adaptive traffic light control. An analysis of the influence of the used method of controlling traffic signals on the level of emission of exhaust gases of cars was carried out using the constructed microscopic simulation model. The use of precalculated control and adaptive traffic light control was compared, taking into account the dynamics of transport demand. The conditions are identified under which the use of adaptive control of traffic signals can significantly reduce the volume of emission of exhaust gases of cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research is to highlight the impact of penalties/punishing during driving in the demographics of Mehran UET, Jamshoro. The cross sectional research was conducted as per convenient sampling technique by adopting the Dr. Larson questionnaire. We have focused only one factor i.e. 'punishing while driving' in our paper. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 22 and statistical analysis about frequency distribution and mean+SD is presented. Later on detailed data analysis with number of groups was conducted about punishing in nature. There were some groups which had greater mean response on few questions whereas, at the same time, their mean response of some questions was recorded low. In some variables, young females and males were pointed to be punishing in nature and on other hand, middle aged male drivers were also indicated to punish in nature. Since, this research was conducted with lesser sample size that's why it is difficult to generalize the scenario. Irresponsible drivers can hurt/kill themselves & others therefore this type of behavioral research about driving should be conducted to cope with this problem. Low sample size and inclusion of only a few demographics were counted to be the major limitations of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate air pollution from transport in cities, especially from cars, involves a variety of harmful compounds, including fine iron and heavy metals, which can persist in the air for long periods of time, increasing harmful effects on human health and creating a risk of environmental pollution. In Europe, more and more attention is being given to the chemical composition of dust not only their concentration in cities. The aim of the study was to determine which parts of the Jelgava city have the highest pollution of chemical elements. We studied snow packs as collectors of these ubiquitous particles in cities. Samples were collected on February 14, 2018 and January 11, 2019, when snow accumulation had occurred for at least 7 days. Samples were collected in 59 different areas of the Jelgava city and one sample was collected in the SE direction outside the city, which is located approximately 15 km from the centre of Jelgava city. Both years’ 177 snow samples were collected at different locations in the Jelgava city (Latvia) and 3 control samples outside the city. Chemical elements related to cars and traffic flow were identified in the snow: Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu). Concentrations of chemical elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). As a result of the study, pollution maps of chemical elements were developed, which characterized the intensity of pollution and illuminate high pollution sites in the Jelgava city. Thematic maps were created in ArcGIS 10.3 using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Spatial information on the distribution of chemical elements showed the main traffic lines and traffic junctions in the Jelgava city, which were characterized by elevated concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces sustainable transportation and its role in public health improvement. It goes through the effect of Transportation policy and planning decisions in health. It discusses the Sustainable Transportation Area of impact in terms of Traffic Accidents, Pollution Emissions, Physical Activity and Fitness, Mental Health Impacts, Affordability, and Basic Mobility. This paper indicates that public transit improvements and more transit-oriented development can provide largely but often-overlooked health benefits. People who live or add communities with high-quality conveyance tend to drive significantly less and rely more on alternative modes (walking, cycling, and public transit) than they would in more automobile-oriented areas. This reduces traffic crashes and pollution emissions increase physical fitness and mental health, and provides access to medical care and healthy food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To alleviate traffic congestion that results from the growth of e-commerce we propose an approach in the city of Linz, Austria by relying on shared distribution centers from different companies. We develop two algorithms to find out the optimal location for the hubs and calculate the shortest path between locations. Results showed that in an urban environment, the implementation of hubs results in a reduction of the number of delivery vehicles. It reduces driving distances from hub to the customers, and also benefits the drivers that need to return home every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Topical Issues of Tourism: Tourism & Its Impacts on Society is the property of College of Polytechnics Jihlava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poor air quality adversely affects human health, the environment, and the climate. Air pollution also harms ecosystems by contributing to eutrophication and acidification of water and soil, leading to loss of flora and fauna. Vehicles, industry, power plants, agriculture, households, and waste contribute to Europe's air pollution by various pollutants. For example, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted directly into the air from coal and biomass combustion in households and from commercial and institutional buildings, have risen in the EU by around 9 % and 11 % respectively over the period 2003 to 2012. These sources are now the most important contributors to total PM emissions in the EU. However, poor air quality is the result of combining production of pollutants with atmospheric conditions. An important task is therefore to observe air quality - knowledge is the key to the solution. That is why we implement air quality measurements in urban areas, which can lead to an understanding of the origin and transformation of air pollution. Measurements are focused mainly on PM10 and PM2.5, whose concentrations in the air are significantly changed due to the assumptions of their formation and spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental risk factors for environmental problems with physical, chemical and biological factors that cause or may cause health disorders as well as environmental degradation. One possible factor is noise. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that a target of 40% of the EU population is exposed to traffic noise of more than 55 dB and that more than 30% is exposed to levels of more than 55 dB at night. The issue of protection of the health of the population against the adverse effects of noise and vibration in Slovakia is regulated by the Act of the NC SR no. 2/2005 on the Assessment and management of environmental noise, which amends the Act of the NC SR no. 355/2007 on the protection, promotion and development of public health, as amended. The law provides details on strategic noise maps and noise protection action plans. It sets out in detail noise indicators and data, which must include strategic noise maps and action plans. In 2011, strategic noise maps (SNM) for road, air and rail transport were prepared for sections of roads and railways (tracks), including tram lines in the territory of the Bratislava agglomeration and the Košice agglomeration, on which the traffic intensity was more than 3 mil. vehicles per year on roads and more than 30,000 trainsets per year on rail and tram lines. Strategic maps of the industrial activity of large-scale noise sources in the area were also developed. Strategic noise maps and action plans are updated every 5 years. Based on the elaborated SNM and after the evaluation of conflict plans in the vicinity of 1st class roads, 378 060 residents live, while 152 problem locations were evaluated in these sections. The busiest locality is Žilina and its surroundings. On the sections of motorways, expressways and 1st class roads, 20 problem locations were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although being the youngest traffic branch, air traffic plays the important role in tourist traffic flows all over the world. With respect to this, the aim of this paper is to analyse air traffic, with the special focus on the socio-demographic analysis (age, gender and level of education) of air travel behaviour in the Republic of Croatia. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted on the sample of 194 respondents who gave insights about the most common reasons for travelling inside Croatia, most often used means of transport and airports which respondents have used so far. Research results confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference among the respondents in reasons for travelling on holiday regarding the gender. Male respondents travel more for work reasons, while women on the other hand, travel more for social reasons and to visit their relatives and friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart cities aim to utilize information technologies to improve efficiency and effectiveness of urban infrastructure and service delivery, and to advance the agenda of sustainability. Smart cities typically involve a variety of stakeholders with diverse agendas. In this study, we seek to explore incongruencies in stakeholder perspectives and identify how these are negotiated and reconciled. We examine the evolution of a smart city initiative in Bhubaneswar, an Indian city, over a three-year period, focusing on the divergence of stakeholder perspectives. We draw upon Technological Frames of Reference theory in identifying framing incongruencies present in the city's foundational frames. We understand these through the underlying frameworks of archetypal core constitutive values. We delineate mechanisms used to reconcile the incongruencies through building a shared foundational frame, boundary spanning, perspective seeking and cultural adaptation of technology-in-use. The study has implications for deliberately designed mechanisms that can aid inversion and negotiation of incongruent frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the present condition of the traffic situation in the historically specific Hlucin region. The traffic in this area is influenced by many factors, apart from frequent changes in the state law and society (mainly in the last century), it is also the current growth of requirements for transport connection between cities Ostrava and Opava. The attention is focused on concerns related to both road and rail connections between abovementioned towns and also on opportunities to improve the current state. The possible solution for both cases is a parallel interconnection of main roads and railway lines (in association with the Opava river as the historical border of the Hlucin region). The backbone interconnection of Ostrava and Opava consists of two main roads (I / 11 and I / 56), each of them has its own specific traits. Some of these issues are either partially resolved or the solution still has not been found due to various obstacles. Although road I/56 leads through centers of all towns of Hlucin region and the other road I/11 leads entirely outside this area, it is clear that both roads depend on each other. It is not possible to resolve already exceeded capacity of the road I / 56 and complete the bypass out of Hlucin region towns until the proper connection with the road I/11 is done. The railway connection is under the investigation both from the historical and present perspective as well. The possibility of the public transport improvement is adumbrated. North and South railways were connecting Opava and Ostrava in the past. While the South segment works until today the North one was discontinued. Surely the North segment was additionally connecting also other places in the historical territory of Prussia. However, there is currently no through line from Opava to Ostrava. Due to these reasons, the object of further consideration is also the possibility of restoration of the original railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than half of the world population lives in cities. In 2030, 80% of the world population will live in urban areas, according to United Nations migration forecasts. People who are living in cities are exposed to air pollution. The concentration of air pollution is increased by traffic intensity. Increasing traffic intensity increases the number of automobile congestion in large cities. Therefore, there is a need to implement the measures for reducing air pollution in surroundings. Scientific studies show that emissions from vehicle establish more than 90% of air pollution in the urban environment. Air pollution is associated with many premature deaths every year. The snow samples from the entire depth of snow show the pollution rate during the period of the permanent snow blanket and the sampling time. In this study, snow blanket pollution was investigated in Jelgava in February 2017 and 2018 after exposition of 7 days. The 20 sampling plots were created in the city and one plot in the natural area of the southern side of Jelgava. In each sampling area, 1.0-1.5 kg of snow was collected and in each plot 3 samples were taken for testing. In 2017, the average snow depth was 6-10 cm, but in 2018 the snow depth was 7-12 cm. The chemical elements were detected in 63 snow samples from February 2017 and 63 in snow samples from February 2018. 126 snow samples in total were analysed. The concentrations of the chemical elements were calculated in the melting snow water and in the HNO3 solution. Concentrations were determined by using an inductively connected plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method. The results of the chemical elements in snow show a similar level of pollution. However, there are minor differences in the spatial distribution of pollution due to differences in transport flow and climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the indicators of spatial development for the road network of Croatia towards chosen countries in Europe and on a county level in Croatia. It also shows the number of traffic accidents per counties and links it with indicators of spatial development. The paper presents the results of the research of spatial distribution of traffic accidents in Croatia by counties. An example of a hazardous site identification on the A6 motorway is provided by the accident data report. All the comparisons and analyzes are presented graphically in the form of charts and cartography-related views in the MapViewer 7 software. The result shows that there are significant differences between counties. It is often the case that similar values relate to counties derived from similar level of development and similar number of population. From the results it is concluded that the number of traffic accidents is more dependent on the population than on road network length in relation to the surface of the county. To invest in remediation of hazardous sites, it is necessary to consider more factors than repeated traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the Portuguese public regarding smart cities is still limited, such knowledge being more present in the technological and business environments. Portuguese cities are starting to invest in smart issues as a response to their complexity and challenges. The ENABLE Consortium's INTELPARK Solution (fictitious names given for anonymity purposes) described herein is an example of a smart parking solution that, through the combination of hardware and software, provides key information about the parking area being managed (for example, occupancy or vehicle infraction information). This technological solution, focused on optimizing and making the management of parking areas more efficient, will serve everyone involved: from the driver to the manager. This article aims to focus on the prospective user (in this case, the driver who will park his or her vehicle in the parking area), since the consumer / traveller driving a vehicle is the main reason for the success or failure of any product and service, such as this one, in the marketplace. In addition, we are living in times of profound digital transformation in which access to information, oftentimes down to the second, becomes increasingly important for the user as well as the search for solutions that increase well-being, quality of life and comfort. Thus, 209 valid online survey answers were received, with structured questions, responses which were gathered from drivers or end users and in a non-probabilistic sampling research process. The main goal was to know how the mobile application INTELPARK, associated with this smart solution, was perceived by the end user, and to understand the potential interest in it and how frequently it would be used. The data collected was analysed through descriptive statistics and via the chi-squared test, in order to find associations between variables. The research concludes that future end users of this mobile intelligent parking application will have the following profile: they will be older, highly literate and with a higher gross monthly income. Moreover, these results also show that parking is seen to be an issue of citizenship and which promotes quality of life rather than simply being a source of revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic accidents and their elimination are a very current topic in today's century. Besides the human factor, design elements in the area of the roads are also affected by this problem. The article deals with the analysis of design elements in the vicinity of the roads and their impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Design elements, especially elements of the transport infrastructure - materials and surface, trees and vegetation, outdoor lighting, street furniture, objects and facilities for services, objects to facilitate movement and access, outdoor advertising are analyzed. Elements are described in general, professionally evaluated, and four specific areas of interest with increased incidence of traffic accidents and reduced safety are selected. Subsequently, these selected areas are processed and more specified in the following text. The outcome of the study will be the final recommendations and assumptions for reducing the risks of traffic accidents and enhancing traffic safety on roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper uses microsimulation softs to identify the main problems regarding the speed humps location and proposes some improved solutions, with effects on traffic, pollution and safety. This paper also defines the notion of "speed hump", its main advantages, disadvantages and some implementation requests. The most accessible measures to increase road safety, both in economic and design terms, are the traffic calming measures, such as speed humps in different shapes and sizes, low-price solutions with satisfactory effects. However, they can have negative impact thus it is recommended a prior analysis to determine the necessity of speed humps, the environmental impact by exhaust emissions, noise and vibration. This article uses Cluj-Napoca city from Romania as a case study. Speed humps were installed throughout the city during the last years, some of them creating discomfort in traffic, not always justified by the results. By simulating the traffic on sites, using Vissim as the microsimulation soft, the authors were able to establish the negative effects speed humps may have on the environment and the measures to be taken in order to optimize them. Using the presented software, different scenarios were created both in terms of location and shape of speed humps, considering various traffic flows, resulting the time and average speed necessary for crossing the speed humps. Also, increased emissions are derived depending on the geometry of the hump, due to braking and more aggressive acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic or phonic pollution is a type of noise pollution caused by noises, a complex of non-periodic sounds with random disagreeable insurgency that affects the psychological and biological state of human and animal organisms. The physical or objective characteristics of the noise are the strength or sound intensity (which depends on the features of the source, the distance and the possibilities of transmission or multiplication), duration and frequency. For the determination of the noise level, sound-meters, which measure the sound pressure level, are used. The noise is measured in decibels or phons, physiological units of perception by the human ear of the weakest sound excitation. The 80 dB value is the threshold at which the sound intensity becomes harmful. Acoustic pollution caused by traffic (cars, trains and airplanes) is the second environment factor that provokes disease after atmospheric pollution because it produces harmful effects on human body health, dysfunctions, disorders, insomnia, infarction, learning problems (high sounds in ears), stomach spasms, constriction and restraint of the breath, muscular tension, pupil dilatation, and, at overpower of 180 dB, death. At the level of Gorj County, the sources of noise pollution are: fixed (residential, industrial, construction and demolition areas, especially mining, energy and petroleum) and mobile (surface urban transportation, road and rail transport network). At the Paris meeting in 1990 it was established that road transportation was the main source of noise in modern society, 80% of the noise pollution of a city being the noise emitted by cars. In order to assess the quality of the environment from the point of view of the noise pollution generated by the mining machinery and the road and railway traffic, in 2016, a study was carried out on the monitoring of the noise level in various areas of Gorj county: the industrial zone of Rovinari, the influence area of the Rovinari thermal power plant, the central area of Târgu Jiu, the northern area of Târgu Jiu, the southern area of Târgu Jiu, the CFR Târgu Jiu railway station area. To monitor the level of the noise uas used a Brugge Kjaer 2250 Light sonometer, which contains the Sound Level Meter installed and measures all parameters simultaneously, for the dynamic range of 120 dB from 16.6 dB. Monitoring was performed for 6 months at 2-3 measuring points. The obtained results were compared to the maximum admissible limits of 50 dB and 65 dB respectively, with overruns being recorded at all measuring points. In order to reduce the noise pollution and noise exposure of the population, in the Gorj County, can be implemented the following measures: optimization of transport in urban areas, proper maintenance of the car park, arrangement of vegetal protection curtains between residential and traffic areas, arranging of green spaces on free lands, regulating road traffic by establishing differentiated routes by vehicle categories, avoiding compact housing areas, creating transit traffic belts in localities on national roads, using soundabsorbing materials in the construction of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a problem of a traffic block nowadays, which started in the middle of the last century and had become a real disaster for many developed countries. There is a variety of methods of traffic regulation and traffic flows management, which were developed at different times. One have become irreparably out of date and does not provide the solution of the traffic block problem in present conditions of growth of vehicles amount. Another allow to improve the management of urban traffic flows, but a lot of resources should be spent for their realization, and this realization is often impossible due to limitations imposed by the modern city. A method of road management, based on the analysis of the road system section and on the search of points of delay or those places, where the vehicle or the traffic flow can have the delays on the traffic is presented in the article. They appear when the vehicle have to stop or slow down to the level, slower than the average traffic flow speed. The method lies in the analysis of the found points of delay, how they depend on each other and how the rules of traffic flow are coordinated in them. Then, in the process of building the model of traffic flow management for the exact sector of the road the points of traffic delay should gain the distance or alter, due to the coordination of the traffic rules in these points, and there will be no need to install any extra supply on the road (e.g. in order to observe the state of the traffic flow). The offered method will let to improve the existing solutions of the problems of traffic blocks, to make it with minimal expenses of material and human resources. The method, presented in the article will allow discovering the other possibilities of the traffic management science development, probably to reconsider the methods the traffic organization and management in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computer network can be considered as a system of mass service, in which as applications are moved information frames. Receiving the information frame, working station may use the received data for transfer to the end user. The resulting information frame is the same portion of data or signal, which is necessary for the organization distributed computing. The article describes the methods of simulation processes for transfer data in computer networks, methods of traffic analysis computer network and the procedure of selection of the optimal configuration topology computer network for the distributed computing. Considered modeling techniques can be used when building a computer network models using specialized software, or they can be implemented as a program, written in procedural or object-oriented programming language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper qualitative and quantitative characteristics of particle flows on networks of the rings simulating movement at different scales is considered. In that case each particle means a group of vehicles. Space discretization is naturally agreed with group size, regime and speed. It can be applied to the study of traffic. Computer capacity allows numerical research of qualitative properties of discrete models on networks. KBT-models of flows on chainmail networks are studied,. Estimates of movement characteristics are obtained: average velocity, time interval before synergy or collapse state appearance and its dependance of initial state and rules were considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life became a priority for researchers from many study areas. Researches realized in the last few years regarding the quality of life focused mainly on urban reality. The article purposes to offer a short review of the literature concerning quality of life and urban development, to study the connection between this terms and also important statistics from Romania. A survey based on five main themes was conducted with the aim to create an image of quality of life in each quarter of Bucharest. Implications of the emerged issues in Bucharest quarters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air protection and emission production is a currently important topic, mainly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. In the Czech Republic emission analyses of major air pollutants (PM, SO2, NOx, CO) have been done since 1994. These emission analyses are executed by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, whose founder is the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. This article briefly introduces emission productions in the Czech Republic. The emissions analyses are structured according to the main pollution groups/categories (large, medium and stationary sources of air pollution and mobile sources of air pollution), including the legislative context. Attention is also paid to the determination of the traffic intensity and the average amount of traffic emissions in a specific part of one road in Ostrava City. In this way emissions are calculated for the dispersion study in the Czech Republic. This type of emission analyses are processed for the same part of the road periodically. This road belongs among those with the most intensive traffic in the centre of Ostrava City (the third largest city in the Czech Republic). Information about traffic intensity is collected by students within a students' project once a year (during October and November). The results are subsequently compared with the national traffic census, done by the Directorate for National Roads and Motorways every 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a part of a research carried out at Jordan University of Science and Technology for the fulfillment of M.Sc. theses. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the possible and practical traffic management scenarios for reducing traffic congestion in the vicinity of Yarmouk University using traffic simulation. Traffic, geometric and control data were collected from the selected study area which included eight major intersections. The traffic simulation software (CORSIM) was used to test proposed scenarios in two levels: intersection level and network level. The results of the intersection level analysis based on average intersection traffic control delay showed that the two one-way rings scenario was the best alternative for 5 intersections and the second best alternative for 3 intersections. The results of the sub network level analysis showed that the scenario of two rings of one-way streets was the best alternative and provided the highest average sub network speed and the lowest average sub network traffic delay. It was found that little benefit could be obtained by optimizing the traffic signals, while good designed roundabouts with moderate traffic volumes might provide a better network traffic performance than signalized intersections. Replacing the roundabouts by coordinated and optimized traffic signals provided more improvement to the average sub network travel speed than the average sub network traffic delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Metallic & Nonmetallic Materials is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Metallurgy & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering & Science is the property of Sakarya University, Department of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigate the sparse underdetermined system of linear algebraic equations that arise in applications to the traffic in the network. We consider the technological and informational aspects of building a general and unique solution of the sparse linear systems in the Sensor Location Problem for the graph [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To put the clear and broader picture of competing while driving by conducting its analysis across various demographic characteristics. Methodology:The current cross sectional research included the conveniently available responses of participants (students and teachers) from Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro. Research instrument i.e. closed ended questionnaire was adopted from Dr. Larson. The instrument was contained of five sections i.e. demographics (gender, age and driving experience), driving anger, driving impatience, competing during driving and punishing while driving. For the scope of present research, the analysis of competing while driving was presented. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used as software for data analysis; which included the frequency distribution and mean+SD of various variables of competing while driving. Findings: It was concluded that young male drivers (23-27) participated more in the competing other drivers on the road; male participants with less experience were also reported to participate more in the competing other drivers on the road. Male drivers from the last age group i.e. (38-42+) were indicated to race more with other drivers in the comparison of other demographic groups; same age group from participants had the maximum mean response (2.29+1.11) about 'I compete with cars in tollbooth lines'. The greater mean response (3.00+1.41) of female drivers was recorded on the question i.e. 'I compete with cars in tollbooth lines'. The response of the female drivers from the age group i.e. (23-27) years was measured to be the greater (2.50+1.20) among all the groups on the question i.e. 'I challenge other drivers'. Moreover, the greater mean response (2.50+2.12) of female drivers from the driving experience group i.e. (11-15) years was computed on the same question. Importance: Since, competing on the roads can cause serious and sever injuries to the passengers and drivers as well; thus it is highly needed to understand the behaviors of drivers on the subject in the light of demographics. In this regard, present research was conducted so that the detailed analysis of competing while driving could be presented by focusing the varying demographics. Implications: Since, the exact intensity of the feelings can be observed and recorded at the moment of their expression. The same case is with competing while driving, the response was recorded when the respondents (students) were at canteens and (teachers) at offices. If the response was collected from at the point of expression of feelings of suddenly after the moment, the more accurate response would have been collected. Limitations: The major limitations included the less sample size and the inclusion of only three demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic in general and especially road traffic as a way and style of social and individual living is one of the contemporary challenges of our time. As a dynamic and developing branch, traffic is one of the four existential functions of any living space (work, living, recreation and traffic) aimed at connecting the other functions, through the least possible negative effects and consequences. Traffic safety is a state of optimal normal conduct of traffic and protection of the participants in traffic as well as protection of material goods by eliminating possible sources of danger or their control in a pre-set framework. After its independence, the Republic of Macedonia opted for reforms in all spheres of socio-economic and political life aimed towards the Euro-Atlantic integration processes with a main goal - membership in EU and NATO. In this context, traffic occupies a very important place, and the Republic of Macedonia is committed to harmonization, implementation and compliance with the European regulations and standards in the field of traffic safety. In that sense, the paper treats and analyzes the European and the Macedonian processes of application of the regulations for change and improvement of the behaviour of traffic participants and their contribution to road traffic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With network performance being highly dependent on the actual traffic, studies have shown that traffic is self-similar and long-range correlation in Network on Chip (NoC). The self-similarity of NoC traffic depends not only on the input sequence, but also changes with the processor algorithm on chip. In this paper, we improved firstly the existing method for generating sample traces of self-similar processes to suit Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Algorithm. Then, Mainly studied the effects of FFT algorithm length for network traffic self-similarity in NoC by simulations. Experimental results show that the self-similarity of output sequence raised with the increasing of FFT length, and the output sequence is not self-similar when the length is long enough. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Traffic light has played a vital role in decongestion of traffic flow since its inception in 1864. Since then, volumes of researches have been done while others are still on going on how to improve the performance of traffic light systems so as to meet up with the demand of ever increasing road users especially in urban cities. This work observed that little has been done in the domain of Predictive Maintenance (PM) vis-a-vis traffic light systems. Anexisting approach of Breakdown Maintenance Approach (BMA) which has been adopted in literature is not satisfactory as the traffic light is not supposed to go off especially during the busy hours. This paper presents a self diagnostic system that monitors the quality of light produced by the light emitting element of traffic light system, and alerts the maintenance operators via Short Message Service (SMS) to change the lamp head before it fails totally. Our overall methodology is encapsulated in the body of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, two approaches techniques for the estimation of the heaviness of traffic in WiMAX networks are presented. The first technique is based on statistical data processing using wavelets and it is used for analyzing the risk of saturation of each base station composing the considered wireless network. The second approach is based on the Long Range Dependence analysis performed using a wavelets based Hurst parameter estimator. Applying the two methods on real WiMAX data, we have obtained results that are in agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There has been a dramatic improvisation in communication technologies during the last two decades. This in turn has evolved as a great source of strength to ideas regarding implementation of smart grids. This paper has three basic emphasis areas. At first, it presents a smart grid top to down hierarchy tree based traffic model by considering the different types of information carrying traffic travelling between multiple nodes of a smart grid. This is done by analyzing the multiple functions performed by a smart grid. After that 3GPP LTE is addressed as the most promising communication backbone for smart grid environment. Its performance has been analyzed in terms of high data rates, improved coverage and reduced Scheduling and Transmission delays. In the end, a priority based queuing technique for smart grid traffic is proposed by categorizing the smart grid traffic into different classes with each class representing a different type of information/data. This results in reducing the queuing delays of traffic at end and intermediate nodes. It has been shown through results that the proposed traffic modeling, scheduling and queuing result in reduced Random Access Network (RAN) delays. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Virtual Trip Line are system based challenges used in vehicle with GPS for traffic monitoring. In earlier method, a factor called accuracy in not been considered and significant improvement in cost, coverage, accuracy and privacy is enlight in my paper. This accuracy is achieved by using K-anonymity algorithm. when the object passes through these lines make changes in their VTLID with the help of HMAC algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Traditional traffic information collection bears some disadvantages, such as high-concentrated system load, low-usage of network, limited network pavement and heavy operation cost. Therefore, this paper proposes to design a brand new traffic information collection system based on wireless sensor networks, in which the distributed treatment of traffic information collection is realized. This paper puts forward the area of traffic information collection system based on wireless sensor network and discusses the potential problems in the implementation and related resolution strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present essay tries to analyze the infringement referring to the international traffic of narcotics, an infringement regulated, together with other infringements regarding the traffic of narcotics, by Law no 143 of July 26, 2000 with regard to the prevention and fight against the illicit traffic and consumption of narcotics. Article 3 of this Law stipulates that the bringing in and the taking out of the country, as well as the import and export of dangerous narcotics without a legal approval are punished with prison from 10-20 years and with the interdiction of certain rights. In paragraph 2 of the same article it is mentioned that whether the deeds enumerated in paragraph 1 refer to narcotics of a very high risk, the prison penalty is from 15-25 years and the interdiction of certain rights. The analysis of the infringement referring to the international traffic of narcotics is made in conformity with the structure mentioned in the doctrine and includes: the object and the subject of the infringement, the constitutive content: the objective aspect including the material element, the immediate consequence and the casualty connection; the subjective aspect of the infringement, as well as form and modalities of these infringements and the respective applicable sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacity of a road network is predetermined by the green times at its intersections. As these are typically designed for expected traffic demands, spontaneous demand peaks or lane blockings will likely lead to congestion spreading over larger parts of the network. We show that gridlock effects can be prevented by a capacity regulating traffic light control designed to avoid critical spill-backs and to distribute traffic among remaining road capacities. The idea is that traffic lights do not serve more vehicles than subsequent roads can accommodate. The regulation of inflow in over-saturated road segments with shorter green times implies that remaining turning directions can be served with longer green times. In consequence, defective parts of the network are relieved from some traffic, whereas remaining capacities on surrounding roads are made available by promoting alternative routes. In this way, a redistribution of traffic on bypass routes goes hand in hand with an instantaneous reallocation of green times. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Study of high speed networks such as optical next generation burst or packet switched networks require large amounts of synthetic traffic to feed simulators. Methods to generate self-similar long range dependent traffic already exist but they usually work by generating large blocks of traffic of fixed time duration. This limits simulated time or require very high amount of data to be stored before simulation. On this work it is shown how self-similar traffic can be generated using Perlin Noise, an algorithm commonly used to generate 2D/3D noise for natural looking graphics. 1-dimension Perlin Noise can be interpreted as network traffic and used to generate long range dependent traffic for network simulation. The algorithm is compared to more classical approach Random Midpoint Displacement showing at traffic generated is similar but can be generated continuously with no fixed block size. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mobility is an important area in the transport and currently is a growing problem in Colombian capital, Bogota; therefore we propose the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) based on technology Bluetooth for Generation of Origin/destination (O/D) matrix in an automatic way which allow analyzing and diagnose the mobility in two important sites in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The improved routing strategies are proposed to enhance the traffic capacity of complex networks. Firstly, some previously proposed routing strategies are introduced. Secondly, based on their characteristics, some proposals are given for the design and selection of routing strategies on complex networks. From the definition of between ness centrality, the concept of expanding between ness for a certain route set is given, which gives an estimate of the traffic handled by the node in the route set. Then an improved routing strategy is proposed to enhance the efficiency of complex networks. The improved routing algorithm can be used effectively and conveniently in heterogeneous networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we present an enhanced algorithm for a multi-resolution multicast scheme. The enhancement aims at maintaining a perfect 100% satisfaction rate for all the nodes in the network by offering them their requested quality of service. In addition to the multi-resolution multicast, we use simple unicast to the unsatisfied nodes in order to provide the missing layers. The enhancement increases the satisfaction rate from 70% for multicast to the ideal target of 100%, while saving 50% in terms of traffic volume when compared to an all-unicast transmission. A trade-off is also shown between satisfaction rate and the increase in traffic volume. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]