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The article discusses the biological treatment of dyes to evaluate the effect of the dyes on the treatment process and the effect of the treatment in reducing the dyes' toxicity to biological systems including fish populations. Typical secondary treatment was simulated through ten-gallon pilot plant units, which were operated in a semibatch fill and draw mode for 14 days to promote the development of an acclimated sludge. Results of the tests indicated that the dyes are not likely to seriously interfere with a biological waste treatment system's operation and that the treatment is not likely to effect satisfactory removal of the dyes. Fish toxicity was also found to be reduced by the treatment for some dyes.