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This study aims to develop a device that uses DC lamps as a notification of a telephone ringing in a noisy room. The research method involves observing the Cikande electronic ambassador shop and proposing the use of a DC lamp as a replacement for the speaker output of the telephone. The device includes a PNP transistor type as an amplifier and multiple LEDs to ensure visibility in a noisy environment. The result is a functional device that uses DC lamps to notify the ringing of a telephone in a noisy room. The implication of this research is that it provides a solution for situations where conventional ringing tones from telephones are not audible due to noise pollution. The device can be useful in various settings, including busy offices, factories, and public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project's purpose is to create a conferencing system that uses a regular phone. Independent wireless microphones for each participant would be the most essential element of the created system (the number of participants is taken as 8). The goal is to make it easier to participate in a phone conference by broadcasting the voice wirelessly to a receiver connected to the phone, giving the user a sense of portability. The process would begin with selecting the appropriate technology, ASIC'S components, and other components, as well as designing and installing the circuit by connecting it to a telephone line. There has been an attempt to make existing technology more affordable and portable so that it can coexist with other wireless devices operating in the same frequency range. The key challenges included accommodating 8 channels, interacting with the telephone, building programming interfaces, and so on, all of which could be effectively addressed with the right ASIC'S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Another transient radio channel is used to communicate with the cellular network with each handheld unit. The site uses a single channel for every smartphone and meets up with multiple mobiles without interruption. Channels use a few contact channels. The inverse communication will be used to relay calls from customers from the telephone location, forward connections, and a bandwidth for the telephone location. Medium-duplex or full-duplex communications may be between portable devices. If a half-duplex occurs, contact amongst mobile units is not concurrently transmitted and communicated, for example talking and tuning in is impossible simultaneously. If full-duplex information occurs, communications is transferred and received at the same moment, for instance, you can speak and listen at once. at the stage where mobile contact is within cells, furthermore, on the off chance that the equivalent is half-duplex, at that point it will require just one sets of frequency. In the event that the equivalent is full duplex, at that point necessity of frequency pair will be two. At the time that a mobile unit communicates with a mobile device out of a cell, the criterion for each frequencys' pairs both for half-duplex and full-duplex communications is one at that time. At that stage. The device assets are then used even more when the mobile units are completely duplexed with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review is to describe the evolution of transmission media from conventional land phones to modern smart phones with reference to media used for wired and wireless communication technologies. This review explains in detail about several wired transmission techniques and protocols and wireless transmission methodologies and protocols which fill a research gap from last decade to recommend Wi-Fi technology as best invention for smart phones. Based on entire literary analysis, comprehensive comparison table for both Wired and Wireless communications on basis of various parameters such as usability, cost, efficiency, flexibility, coverage, interference, reliability, mobility, speed, security etc is summarized. This study concludes with advantages and disadvantages of wired and wireless communications. Both technologies have applications in different fields like military, telecom, medicine, satellite communication, mobile communication etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car phone holder is an accessory that helps the driver to hold the phone when driving. It helps to hold and fix a phone in one place without the driver to hold the phone when needed. This is because driver needs to fully focus when driving, it is very dangerous when the driving is not concentrated when driving and many accidents may occur because of careless driving. The car phone holder helps the driver to support the phone so that driver can use the phone easily like navigation, answering phone, received order as a deliverer and so. With the help of the car phone holder, the driver will feel more convenient when driving. The objective of this project is to improve the operation of the product to make it simple and friendly user to customer, to reduce the manufacturing and assembly time of the current product and also to improve the current product based on customer needs. In this paper, CATIA software is used to indicated the failure and analyze the product. Finite Element Analysis used to indicate and analyze the product with the help of CATIA Software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social marketing ia a process rooted in the belief that more than words and or needed in order to succeed at influencing people’s behaviour. Human resources personnel use the Net for electronic recrutting and training; an increasing number of companies manange organizational knowledge and work flow through corporate web portals. Advertising can do better poised to integrate information technology into marketing place. Internet technology the ability to transform marketing activities. The Internet has properties that create opportunities beyond those possible with the telephone, television, postal mail or other communication media.Traditional business models such as retailing, selling, advertising without using the Internet. It relates to strategy in that a firm will select one or more business models as strategies to accomplish enterprise goals. Small service business owners are often skeptical of the value of digital marketing and social media. This study examines various digital and social media channels that can be utilized to grow their business.Social marketing is clearly not the only approach to impacting a social issue, and social marketers are not the only ones who can be influential. Social marketing is a process that uses marketing principles and techniques to promote target-audience behaviours that will benefit society as well as the individual. Social marketers focus on influencing behaviour for social gain, whereas commercial marketers focus on influencing behaviour for societal gain, whereas commercial marketers forcus on selling goods and services at a financial gain for the organization. In social marketing, segments are selected based on a different set of criteria, including prevalence of the social problem, ability to reach the audience, readiness for change, and others that will be explored in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) callers using mobile phones cannot place a video or captioned based call to a Telecommunication Relay Services (TRS) Communication Assistant (CA) using the carrier assigned mobile phone number. D/HH callers need to use accessible hardware (video phones, captioned telephones, Teletypewriter, TTY) or download mobile applications to place or receive calls. D/HH callers' generalized and emergency contact information in captioned/video applications is not linked to the built-in directory. Through our research and development work, we propose a concept to allow D/HH callers to have the option to make captioned and video calls through mobile device native dialer systems without the need to download applications. This proposed concept includes the all-in-one solution of Video Relay Services (VRS), 3-Party Video Calls, Voice-to-Text Captioning, and NextGen 911 built into the dialer systems. This demonstration introduces a concept that would make placing and receiving calls through TRS more native-like to that of auditory telephone users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only recently workplace surveillance has become a real concern of the international community. Very often we hear about employers who monitor and record the actions of their employees, in order to check for any breaches of company policies or procedures, to ensure that appropriate behaviour standards are being met and that company property, confidential information and intellectual property is not being damaged. Surveillance at workplace may include inter alia monitoring of telephone and internet use, opening of personal files stored on a professional computer, video surveillance. But what if this monitoring or recording breaches human rights? In order to give practical examples for these means, we shall proceed to a chronological analysis of the most relevant cases dealt by the European Court of Human Rights along the time, in which the Strasbourg judges decided that the measures taken by the employers exceed the limits given by Article 8 of the Convention. After providing the most relevant examples from the Court's case-law in this field, we shall analyse the outcome of the recent Grand Chamber Barbulescu v. Romania judgment. The purpose of this study is to offer to the interested legal professionals and to the domestic authorities of the Member States the information in order to adequately protect the right of each individual to respect for his or her private life and correspondence under the European Convention on Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this exploratory descriptive research study was to identify the small business owner entreprenurial profile in the Guanajuato State, Mexico. The methodolgy included telephone and personal interviews with a sample of 303 small businesess owners. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify four descriptive profile characteristic variables. Finding revealed that the profile means are as follows. (1) The owners are 34.31 years old. (2) They have 8.86 years of industry experience. (3) They have 6.23 years of management experience. And (4) 47.2% have bachelor degrees and 26.4% have high school diplomas. Implications for research and small business owners and their stakeholders are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the extreme retailing strategy of a business providing no opportunity for telephone contact to or from existing and potential customers. Would such a strategy ever make sense for a small business? In outlier situations, where a target market exists with a desire for the ultimate in trendiness, exclusivity, and cachet, such a "No Phone" strategy may prove feasible and profitable. Examples of such strategies, theoretical bases, implications, and limitations are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether co-present phone use impacts impression formation, perceived conversation quality and perceived relationship quality more negatively when (1) the phone user's posture and gaze display greater absorption in the phone, and (2) the co-present phone use is unannounced. To that end, a 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted. The findings of the experiment revealed a main effect of absorption: when the phone user displays greater absorption in the mobile conversation, participants consider the phone user as less attentive and polite, and perceive the conversation quality and social attraction as lower. There was no main effect of announcing the behavior, nor was there an interaction effect. These results indicate that the non-verbal behaviors expressed when using one's phone during a copresent conversation play a central role in explaining any negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on telephonoscope which is an information and communication technology (ICT) system and workshop program of digital storytelling for people in local communities and newly developed iOS device. It also mentions telephonoscope was developed by the project Storyplacing funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Academy of Finland between 2014 to 2016. It also mentions possible social form of electronic multimodal media.

The article introduces a new digital storytelling (DST) device called the "Telephonoscope," through which the public engage in micro-storytelling via a short audio message. Topics include the Telephonoscope is a device in the shape of a black rotary-dial telephone whose interior is fitted with an iOS operating system device similar to that of an iPod Touch digital music player and system consists of features that can be sorted into three elements including record, playback, and server.

The article focuses on a study related to discursive construction of television-telephones in promotional, industrial, journalistic, and science fiction discourse of the 1960s. Topics discussed include developing and showcasing the Picturephone by AT&T; enhance intimacy, family connection, and virtual pleasure; and contemporary technological fantasies and developments.

Our present paper discusses an attractive e-learning application aimed at encouraging students to acquire the academic basics of mathematical models employed in the field of environment protection. An adventure story, built on Android operating system for tablets and phones, wraps a disguised evaluation of mathematical notions pertaining to first year Politehnica University Mathematics curriculum. The importance of our presentation lies in the fact that it shows how to use, as a template, the Real Complex travel game we presented last year and adapt it to a new eco-inspired story and different mathematical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The telephone was once the main way organizations communicated with their target groups. This situation has changed considerably in recently years and it is apparent that organizations like drug helpline services must also expand their range also in order to reach their target groups. A social media survey¹ within European Foundation of Drug Helplines members resulted in 16 responses (approximately 38 percentage response rate), representing 10 different European countries. Findings indicated that most drug helplines in the survey have some experience with social media. However, few of the drug helpline use social media based on purposeful planning and clear distribution of responsibility. Social media can be used for promoting an event or a sensitizing campaign to create positive value. Facebook is the social media that in general are most frequently used for purposes such as reaching a specific audience and promotion. Additionally, findings of the survey show that few drug helplines in the survey monitor social media frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most people believe that online deception is pervasive, and that it is facilitated by technological affordances such as reduced cues. However, most people also consider themselves honest and decent members of society. Given the wide adoption of communication technologies, how can these views be reconciled? This research uses a generalizable sample of US adults to identify a deception-media double standard, or a perception that other people lie more than oneself across four media: face-to-face, telephone, email and instant messenger. Results show that the gap between reports of own deception and perceptions of others' deception grew wider as the media provided fewer cues. A pattern of self-serving attributions regarding the role of technology in enabling deception was responsible for these perceptions. The findings support and advance the third-person framework of media effects, and offer a novel perspective on the phenomenon of online deception, that goes beyond mere production and detection patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how text messages and mobile phone calls interrelate as parts of continuous communication sequences. Based on the recorded mobile communication of 14-year-olds in Denmark, the paper will show that text messages and mobile phone calls are parts of coherent communication sequences, and are organised in a limited number of relations. In itself, the change from text message to conversation requires no interactional efforts from the participants. However, through the opening and the presentation of agendas, the parties show that they are fully aware of their previous communication and of what they are doing here and now. Changes of mode are also related to the different communicative possibilities the text message and the phone call offer: text messages and calls have distinct formal qualities that govern their uses, and participants in a given sequence move between the two modes, exploiting the potential of each as they ascribe meaning to the written and spoken media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When callers call to a television call-in program to seek expert advice, they must address the issue of warranting their call. The task of formulating reasons for the call may require more than a single turn-constructional unit, therefore projecting an extended talk. This study examines the beginning of telephone calls to a live television show, Good Morning Good Luck, broadcast daily on Hakka television in Taiwan. In particular, it explores visual and discursive features of the "multi-unit reason-for-the-call" turn, defined as a turn "capable of expanding a single unit reason for the call into a multi-unit construction" (Couper-Kuhlen, 2002). This study shows three recurrent linguistic forms permit the construction of the "multi-unit reason-for-the-call turn" including (1) request, (2) epistemic frames and symptoms referencing, and (3) telling of lifestyle. Recent studies have demonstrated that camera movements and switches between different camera shots orient to turn-taking rules that organize television interviews (Broth, 2008; Broth, 2009; Mondada, 2009). This study examines visual images of host-caller conversations and finds that callers' multi-unit turn systematically leads to a switch of camera shot from the close-up, speaking shot of the host to a wide shot, listening shot of the studio. An interview with the camera director confirms that the production practices of live call-in episodes are guided by an understanding of the delicately managed conversational conduct between the particular caller and the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pushbutton devices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, alongside the telephone and telegraph, served as facilitators for communication on both a utilitarian and cultural level. This paper probes discourse surrounding the pushbutton to understand how historical actors imagined the place of buttons in their technological landscape, particularly exploring the devices' disciplinary functions. By studying the pushbutton as an historical, social and cultural artifact, this paper makes a case for the button as a critical material object that illuminates issues around control and communication in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the factors that influence the adoption and use of computer-based VoIP phone service and attempts to integrate two theoretical approaches: the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the uses and gratifications framework. Using data from an online survey of users of the new technology (N = 309), structural equation modeling analyses revealed that perceived ease of use of the technology had a significant impact on perceived usefulness as suggested by the TAM. In addition, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on attitude toward using the technology. The study further discovered that motivations for communication and instrumental use played an important role in affecting perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward using computer-based VoIP phone service. The current study suggests that integration of the TAM and the uses and gratification approach can be a fruitful method for understanding user acceptance of new communication technologies. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been said about women's access to and use of the telephone. Many studies conclude that a significant gender divide in access exists particularly in developing countries. Women are also said to use telephones in a different manner from men -making and receiving more calls, spending more time on calls, and using telephones primarily for 'relationship maintenance' purposes, while men make fewer calls, shorter calls and use telephones primarily for instrumental purposes. However, much of this research on usage patterns is based on small-sample studies in affluent developed countries. The article provides evidence that a significant gender divide in access to telephones exists in Pakistan and India, to a lesser extent in Sri Lanka, but is generally absent in the Philippines and Thailand. This article also challenges some of the findings of studies which claim that women's and men's use is fundamentally different, shedding light on women's access to and use of telecom services at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) in five Emerging Asian markets. The article is based on an 8,600+ sample study of telephone users in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Thailand, focusing on the BOP, but also looking at the 'middle and top' of the pyramid to ascertain whether these findings are unique to the BOP or not. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MobilED is an international collaborative project using mobile technology to facilitate and support teaching and learning through the creation and support of learning environments using mobile technology. The platform enables mobile phones that have text messaging ("texting") capabilities to access the Wikipedia through a directed search request from the user. The server responds to the user initiated request with a return call, where the requested information is then presented as a navigable audio article read using a speech synthesiser. The user is able to contribute information to the article, thus becoming a participant in the information society. This paper reports on the completion of Phase one of the initiative, utilising, in specific, the mobile phone and a prototype MobilED technology platform that supplies a mobile audiointerface. We reflect and present our findings on the initial pilots in this phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of telephones and pagers in drug market transactions, using information from 89,883 male arrestee and 17,446 female arrestee interviews collected shortly after arrest in 43 U.S. metropolitan areas during 2000-2003. Three key aspects of illicit market transactions are examined: size in dollars, market role (whether the buyer is dealing), and the supply-side effectiveness of law enforcement. Bivariate and multivariate results indicate that for both male and female arrestees, those who use phones or pagers in arranging drug transactions engage in larger transactions, are more likely to buy drugs for others to use, and are less likely to have transactions disrupted by police activities. The differentiated effects on the street level marijuana markets and the cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine markets are examined. These findings help resolve an open empirical question about the role of technology in drug marketing, and they pose both a challenge and a conundrum for policing and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with a study that examined government subsidy schemes for the economically disadvantaged and statistically evaluated their effect on telephone penetration in the U.S. Regression models were constructed that uniquely combine the data collected from the U.S. Census and released by the Federal Communications Commission. The study analyzes the impact of Lifeline and Link-Up with other societal attributes like income, education, race, marital status and age. It shows that in the case of Lifeline, a one percent increase in the amount support would cause a 0.23 percent increase in the percent of people in the state on Lifeline.

The article presents a cultural biography of private telephony at the Kibbutz Y community in Israel. The late adoption of the private telephone at Kibbutz Y is the starting point for exploring the doubts, controversies and ideological dilemmas involved in the cultural negotiation of communication technologies. The notion of domestication introduces negotiation and dialogue to previous conceptualizations of the human-machine interrelationships. In particular, a cultural biography illuminates the ways in which an object is culturally constructed and reconstructed.

The article examines the intelligibility of synthesized and dysarthric speech over the telephone and in quiet conditions. The intelligibility of an individual's natural speech plays a crucial role in determining appropriate communication strategies. A series of ratings querying their preference for synthesized or natural speech was completed by listeners.

Deaf people must learn one or more modes of face-to-face communication. For them, communication by moving image will become a substitute for telephone communication. This document presents the possibility of remote communication through moving image: in particular the results of studies done by the France Telecom research centre and other groups throughout Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five cellphones are sold every second, and there are four times more cellphones than computers, meaning there are some billions of mobile handheld devices in existence. Modern cellphones are equipped with multiple context sensors used by increasingly sophisticated software applications that exploit the sensors, allowing the applications to adapt automatically to changes in the surrounding environment, such as by responding to the location and speed of the user. The architecture of such applications is typically layered and incorporates a context-awareness middleware to support processing of context values. While this layered architecture is very natural for the design and implementation of applications, it gives rise to new kinds of faults and faulty behavior modes, which are difficult to detect using existing validation techniques. In this paper we provide scenarios illustrating such faults and exploring how they manifest in context-aware adaptive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]