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Measuring tools are one of the main tool groups, which subgroup, manual measuring tools play a decisive role for further development of the measuring tools and machinery for wood processing. Nowadays a wide range of these tools used in construction sites, workshops, studios, households and in manufacturing for quality control operations, measurement inspection and other. Depending on woodworks diversity and processing method, the manual measuring tools have various functions, shapes and uses. The diversity of tools is important for crafts and woodworking processes in scientific, educative and cultural levels. The aim of the research is to create structure scheme for manual woodworking measuring tools mainly used by carpenters and woodcarvers, through the grading measuring tools in main groups and subgroups. The paper will provide description of tool grouping principles and data selection criteria, as well as tool group and subgroups characterizations, which includes the features of tools, working methods, and usufruct area and usage description. Developed structural scheme is easily expandable and adaptable to the other hand tool groups, for example marking and cutting tools. The database will be created on this basis and the results of carried research will be reflected in the woodworking tools handbook. In the course of investigation, authors visited local artisans, analysed their working methods, tried measuring tools in practical work, attended various woodworking and wood crafting events, analysed published and unpublished materials, visited museums, became acquainted with museum and private collections, and analysed internet resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creation, organization and functioning of tourist routes is the basis of the implementation of the tourist potential of areas and objects. However, in the Russian Federation there wasn't carried a comprehensive and full-scale studies of the condition of the tourist route network yet. To conduct the study used a situational and systemic approaches and methods of mathematics and statistics, survey, comparison, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, induction and deduction [1, 8, 10]. This Article presents the results a study of the Russian Federation tourist route network. In order to gather and organize information about tourist routes, there was developed a form of tourist route consisting above 11 blocks and 61 questions: basic details, consumers, the frequency of operation and limits the means and methods of transportation, food and accommodation services, personnel, cost parameters, notes and other information. The Forms Using has been carried to collect information on six thousands tourist routes of the Russian Federation, which had been kept a single database. Generalized information on the subjects of the Russian Federation (regions), the Federal District, on inter-regional routes the information collected and processed separately. According to a study in the Russian Federation on the number of routes dominated intra regional ones. However, interregional routes serve important functions Integration of tourist potential of the area. The most developed route network in the Central Federal District is and the least - in the North Caucasus. By category dominated by cognitive, educational, and environmental and sport routes. There is a weak orientation in the tourist firms in particular consumer base as consumers are schoolchildren and students. Dominated a small length routes and up to two days, inclusive seasonality characteristic of only 1/5 of the routes. There is a poor use of food services and accommodation of tourists. The findings reveal the current state of the tourism route network of the Russian Federation, which gives the materials to conduct based policies in this field, as well as the choice of strategic direction and design of new tourist products for the tourist business. Formed database of tourist routes offers great opportunities to inform the subjects of tourist areas of the country and foreign countries (including tourists) on specific tourism products and their properties, creating a basis for further tourism in the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the intricacies of various determinants that can be used to systematize open innovation processes as the functional streaming of knowledge both inbound and outbound to expedite internal innovation and extricate the market for external use of innovation. Drawing on extant open innovation literature and data collected from organizations on the list of Thomas Reuters Derwent World Patents Index covering North America, Europe, Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North African for their open innovation practices, a model was developed that conceptualizes the systematization of open innovation processes toward commercial activities. The results show that the systematization of open innovation requires a balancing act of knowledge exploration and exploitation ambidexterity for commercialization of the firm, and that a relationship exists between these variables. Using the contingency-based approach to organizational development, the paper adds to the understanding of the role of open innovation processes, systematization, content and context as well as the research and development aspect of open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]