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Jackfruit is one of the popular ripe fruits of the woody species. The jackfruit tree is widely planted in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia and Brazil. It is a medium-sized tree of the Moraceae family that may grow more than 20 meters tall. Jackfruit provides high economic value for producers, as well as several uses in food technology, particularly in recent years. Jackfruit has many nutritional components, including fat, protein, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber and especially vitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin A. The amino acids such as threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine are all major components of jackfruit. The biological activities of jackfruit are derived from physicochemical components such as phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, starch, carotenoid, and pectin. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antineoplastic, anticariogenic, antineoplastic, hypoglycemic, and other health-promoting qualities are all present of jackfruit. The fruit exhibits significant activities that need more investigation so that the fruit's importance can be recognized worldwide. The objective of the study was to gather data on jackfruit, highlighting the potential of jackfruit and its by-products for different fields such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Spray deposited kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) thin films were annealed in a controlled sulphur environment at 500°C for one hour. Temperature dependence measurement of the electrical conductivity indicated two types of conduction are present: (i) at low temperatures due to nearest neighbor hooping (NNH) and (ii) at high temperatures due to hole excitation into the conduction. The as deposited films showed both the conduction mechanisms, but on annealing the CZTS film, the conduction takes place only due to hole excitation into the conduction band. The absence of NNH conduction is indicative of the effect of annealing in removing the defect levels which can be important for improving the device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Syzygium aromaticum (clove) are native to Indonesia and have been widely used in food industry due to their flavor. Nonvolatile compounds contribute to flavor, mainly in their taste. Currently, there is very little information available about nonvolatile compounds in clove. Identification of nonvolatile compounds is important to improve clove's value. Compound extraction was conducted by maceration in ethanol. Fractionations of the extract were performed by using gravity column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 as stationary phase. Nonvolatile compounds were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS was operated in negative mode with 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Nonvolatile compounds were identified by fragment analysis and compared to references. Several compounds had been identified and characterized asquinic acid, monogalloylglucose, gallic acid, digalloylglucose, isobiflorin, biflorin, ellagic acid, hydroxygallic acid, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, dimethoxyluteolin, and rhamnetin. These compounds had two main flavor perceptions, i.e. astringent, and bitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Spray deposition of ZnO film was carried out. The uneven growth of ZnO nanostructures is resulted for spray deposited ZnO film. Application of DC voltage (1000V) during spray deposition provides formation of pea like structures with uniform coverage over the substrate. Electric field assisted spray deposition provides increased crystallinity with reduced resistivity and improved mobility of the ZnO film as compared to spray deposited ZnO film without electric field. This with large area deposition makes the process more efficient than other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on soda lime glass substrate using spray technique with a DC voltage (300 V) applied to the nozzle to create an electric field during the spray deposition. Spray deposition of ZnS film under an electric field, resulted in change of the surface morphology, transmission, and enhancement in crystallinity of the film. The band gap of the spray deposited ZnS film was found to be 3.62 eV. Transparent ZnS film with the benefit of large area and low cost spray technique can be suitable for solar cell window layer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...