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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a multi-disciplinary research centre under design and construction in Lund, Sweden. This new facility is funded by a collaboration of 17 European countries and is expected to be up to 30 times brighter than today's leading facilities and neutron sources. The ESS will enable new opportunities for researchers in the fields of life sciences, energy, environmental technology, cultural heritage and fundamental physics. A 5 MW long pulse proton accelerator is used to reach this goal. The pulsed length is 2.86 ms, the repetition frequency is 14 Hz (4 % duty cycle), and the beam current is 62.5 mA. It is composed of one string of spoke cavity cryomodule and two strings of elliptical cavity cryomodules. This paper introduces the thermo-mechanical design and expected operation of the ESS spoke cavity cryomodules. These cryomodules contain two double spoke bulk Niobium cavities operating at 2 K and at a frequency of 352.21 MHz. The superconducting section of the Spoke Linac accelerates the beam from 90 MeV to 220 MeV. A Spoke Cavity Cryomodule Technology Demonstrator will be built and tested in order to validate the ESS series production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a multi-disciplinary research centre under design and construction in Lund, Sweden. This new facility is funded by a collaboration of 17 European countries and is expected to be up to 30 times brighter than today's leading facilities and neutron sources. The ESS will enable new opportunities for researchers in the fields of life sciences, energy, environmental technology, cultural heritage and fundamental physics. A 5 MW long pulse proton accelerator is used to reach this goal. The pulsed length is 2.86 ms, the repetition frequency is 14 Hz (4 % duty cycle), and the beam current is 62.5 mA. The superconducting section of the Linac accelerates the beam from 80 MeV to 2.0 GeV. It is composed of one string of spoke cavity cryomodule and two strings of elliptical cavity cryomodules. These cryomodules contain four elliptical Niobium cavities operating at 2 K and at a frequency of 704.42 MHz. This paper introduces the thermo-mechanical design, the prototyping and the expected operation of the ESS elliptical cavity cryomodules. An Elliptical Cavity Cryomodule Technology Demonstrator (ECCTD) will be built and tested in order to validate the ESS series production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With outstanding sensitivity, superconducting mixers and detectors play an increasingly important role in mm- and submm-wave (a.k.a. THz) astronomy. Firstly, a newly developed 3×3 superconducting array receiver for the 0.1-THz band will be introduced. Secondly, a 0.5-THz receiver using high-energy-gap NbN superconducting tunnel junctions will be presented. Thirdly, the latest development of China's THz project at Dome A, Antarctic, will be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An analytical model is presented to investigate the performances of an annular-ring patch etched on a two layered dielectric substrate, by using a full-wave spectral domain technique in conjunction with the complex resistive boundary condition. Galerkin's method and Parseval's theorem are used to obtain the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Numerical results for the air gap tuning effect on the operating frequency and bandwidth of the high Tc superconducting microstrip antenna are presented. The analysis is validated by comparing the results with a specific example in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation require proton drivers with energies between 600 and 800 MeV and beam currents of several mA for demonstrators and up to 25 mA for large industrial systems. Within the EUROTRANS project a 600 MeV linac has been designed to meet the stringent requirements regarding reliability, availability and extreme low beam losses. The first accelerating section using the novel CH-cavity accelerates the beam to 17 MeV at the injection point into the main linac. The intermediate energy section (17–100 MeV) of the main linac consists of superconducting independently phased spoke-type cavities followed by the high energy section consisting of 704 MHz superconducting elliptical cavities. The paper covers the development of the linac, prototype testing and reliability considerations of the whole EUROTRANS project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is a 5-pass, recirculating cw electron Linac operating at ∼6 GeV and is devoted to basic research in nuclear physics. The 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade is a $310 M project, sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Physics, that will expand its research capabilities substantially by doubling the maximum energy and adding major new experimental apparatus. The project received construction approval in September 2008 and has started the major procurement process. The cryogenic aspects of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade includes: doubling the accelerating voltages of the Linacs by adding ten new high-performance, superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cryomodules (CMs) to the existing 42 1/4 cryomodules; doubling of the 2 K cryogenics plant; and the addition of eight superconducting magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ERLP energy recovery linac prototype at Daresbury Laboratory has been rebranded, and is now called ALICE (Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments). This paper gives an overview of the project and its status, outlines some of the challenges experienced during the commissioning of the photoinjector and superconducting accelerating systems, and presents our photoinjector gun commissioning results. An outline is given of the planned photon science program for ALICE, and its under-pinning role in the EMMA NS-FFAG project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most severe problem of the International Linear Collider is its high cost, resulting in part from the enormous length of the collider. This length is determined mainly by the achievable accelerating gradient in the RF system of the ILC. In the ILC project the required accelerating gradient is higher than 30 MeV/m. Further improvement of the coupling to the beam may be achieved by using a Traveling Wave SC structure [1]. We have demonstrated that an additional gradient increase of up to 46% may be possible if a π/2 TW SC structure is employed. However, a TW SC structure requires a SC feedback waveguide to return the few GW of circulating RF power from the structure output back to the structure input. The test cavity with feedback is designed to demonstrate the possibility of achieving a significantly higher gradient than existing SC structures. The double-coupler powering excitation and tuning have been studied numerically and the corresponding model results are presented. The proposed double-coupler powering scheme significantly reduces the tuning requirements as long as any of the partial modes of given magnitude and phase are excited independently, providing a clear traveling wave regime of structure operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of the crossover from the BCS pairing to the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of diquarks with going down in density is discussed in the framework of in the Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. We find that the quark matter at moderate density may be close to the intermediate of the crossover, the precursory regime to the BEC phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signals from the Higher Order Mode (HOM) ports on superconducting cavities can be used as beam position monitors and to do survey structure alignment. A HOM-based diagnostic system has been installed to instrument both couplers on each of the 40 cryogenic accelerating structures in the DESY TTF2 Linac. The electronics uses a single stage down conversion from the 1.7 GHz HOM spectral line to a 20MHz IF which has been digitized. The electronics is based on low cost surface mount components suitable for large scale production. The analysis of the HOM data is based on Singular Value Decomposition. The response of the OM modes is calibrated using conventional BPMs. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of laboratories and universities, with Fermilab taking the lead, are constructing a superconducting cryomodule test facility (SMTF) in the Meson Detector Building (MDB) area at Fermilab. The facility will be used for testing and validating designs for both pulsed and CW systems. A multi phase approach is taken to construct the facility. For the initial phase of the project, cryogens for a single cavity cryomodule will be supplied from the existing Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF) that houses three Tevatron satellite refrigerators. The cooling capacity available for cryomodule testing at MDB results from the liquefaction capacity of the CTF cryogenic system. A cryogenic distribution system to supply cryogens from CTF to MDB is under construction. This paper describes plans, status and challenges of the initial phase of the SMTF cryogenic system. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]