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The availability of renewable energy such as solar and wind is a determining factor in the conversion of electrical energy in solar cell and wind turbine power plants. The level of availability of renewable energy is a consideration in the orientation of the development of renewable energy plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of renewable energy sources, namely wind, and sun in the Gili Iyang island, Madura. Geographically, Gili Iyang is an island with an area of 9.15 km2 with a typical coastal area located to the east of the island of Java. Data retrieval is done by direct retrieval method by surrounding the entire island. Data retrieval is based on geographic points marked with GPS and using a solar power meter and anemometer instrumentation tools. Data processing techniques are carried out using MATLAB and 3DField. The data processing technique is carried out so that the location of areas with high and low potential for renewable energy sources can be easily identified. The results of the study case region, in the form of spatial data and geographical information system. From the measurement results, the highest potential for renewable energy is found on the south to the west coast with an irradiation level of 1068 W/m2. The highest wind energy potential is on the west to the south coast with an average wind speed of 5.6 m/s. The wind speed is suitable for a wind turbine with capacities below 500 Watts. Based on the measurement results, the standard deviation for wind potential is 1.68 m/s and 233.89 W/m2 for solar irradiation. The findings from this research can be used as a reference for stakeholders, consultants, and contractors to plan the best location for the installation and power grid of wind and solar power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various studies about correlation between cosmic ray intensity with solar activity that have been carried out that shownan anti-correlation between the intensity of cosmic rays and the sunspots number (SN). The anti-correlation also shows some of time lag. This time lag also has different shape in different solar cycles. In this paper, modeling analysis will be used with various of solar activity and interplanetary plasma in space such as the number of sunspots, solar wind speed, Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) tilt, and the speed of the CME halo. The data that we used, have vary in time intervals from 1749 to 2022, with daily to monthly time resolutions. Analysis of the relationship between the cosmic ray intensity with all of five parameters will be using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The result is that the five parameters show a negative correlation with the intensity of cosmic rays. In addition, the parameters of SN, solar wind speed, HCS, and IMF have a relatively strong influence on the modulation of cosmic ray intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geomagnetic disturbance is one of the effects of space weather which is expressed by the Dst index. The Dst index is an indication of geomagnetic field activity at middle and low latitudes. In this paper, predictions of the Dst index are carried out using an artificial neural network using the NARX method (Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with exogenous input) with the input parameters consisting of the width angle of the coronal mass ejection, the position center angle of the coronal mass ejection, the coronal mass ejection velocity, the coronal hole area, solar wind velocity, solar wind density, and interplanetary magnetic field. The data used for learning, validation, and testing with the 7 exogenous input parameters above are from 1997 to 2019. The Dst index obtained is quite good with a regression between output and target of more than 98%. This model can predict the hourly Dst index one to five days ahead. From the 8 events that occurred in 2020, we found the average RMSE error is 11.41 nT. The Dst index prediction can be used as a guide in forecasting geomagnetic disturbances in providing space weather information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a rapid rise in the demand for electrical energy in the recent past with the mankind becoming increasingly dependent on it for their survival. The DC microgrid is being viewed as a potential substitute to meet this growing demand for energy. The various Renewable Energy Sources (RES) like solar energy, wind energy etc. may be suitably integrated into the DC Microgrid. The integration, being done systematically and in accordance with technical constraints, may greatly enhance the performance of the DC microgrid. This paper presents the design and operational analysis of a DC microgrid which incorporates two prominent renewable energy sources (RESs) namely the solar and the wind energy systems. There is a significant limitation of these RESs that the energy obtained from them is intermittent in nature. Keeping this in mind, the system is augmented with Battery Energy Storge System (BESS). Further, the Silicon Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is also integrated to the system as an auxiliary power back-up. So, a hybrid system is formed where the sources collaborate with each other to achieve a higher overall efficiency and better performance. Comparisons are made among the systems backed up with wind or solar energy system alone and the combination of the two in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is playing a vital role in power sector in this modern world as it is ecofriendly and due the fact that the fossil fuels will be depleted in near future, so renewable energy is best alternative to mitigate the problems associated with the conventional sources of energy. The land of Mazari Sharif is blessed with huge potential of solar throughout the year for photovoltaic power plant and it has also suitable wind during whole the air for wind power generation. Due to the availability of these resources, the energy demand of the Mazari Sharif can be fulfilled. In this paper the wind speed and solar irradiance variation in Mazari Sharif is analyzed for the year 2020 and the data for the wind speed and solar irradiance is collected from the NASA LARC and NREL. The main purpose of the paper is check whether the solar energy and wind energy can be exploited for the power generation in Mazari Sharif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the effect of the solar cosmic ray solar proton event (SPE) on the electron density for different layers of the ionosphere and plasma at magnetopause through the parameters, solar wind speed and density, Bz, IMF, Dst, kp index from OMNI and Rate of Cosmic Ray Intensity (RCRI) from OULU station. SPE is classified by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the SPE flux from the GOES satellite. The data for this research are covered years (2009-2017) during solar cycle 24, in which only five SPE events were selected (6 January, 7 January, 20, 25, and 27 February 2014). International Reference Ionosphere (IRI 2016) has been used to get the electron density at ionospheric nine altitudes (65, 90,100, 125, 200, 300, 400, 500, 2000 km). The results show no effect at heights (65, 90, 100, and 125 km) because of the many corrections on the IRI model to correlate with the observations for low altitudes. While the altitude is at 200 km, there are three scenarios revealed during the study that the electron density can increase, decrease, or not change depending on the proton flux. At heights (300, 400, 500, and 2000 km), the results represent two cases if there are geomagnetic storms, the electron density increases, while for no geomagnetic storms, there is a decrease in electron density due to the flare domain In this research, we recommend activating cosmic ray measurement devices in the mid-latitude regions so that we can conduct research in areas related to Iraq. 2-Reducing the percentage of corrections in the global model IRI-16 for the purpose of clearly showing the effect of cosmic rays on low altitudes 65-200 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expansion of power generation capacity with solar PV and wind energy resources on the overall generation mix incorporating stability and flexibility is the main objective of this study. Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) is a highly constrained multi-objective, non-linear optimization problem due to the uncertainties associated with the input data such as demand forecast, power output from renewable energy sources(RES), technical characteristics of generating units, introductory time for erection of generating plants, administration procedures and guidelines. In a renewable-dominated power system, the GEP solution must provide sufficient operational flexibility and grid stability in expansion options, which is a critical requirement. The traditional GEP problem focuses on lowering costs by expanding conventional power plants and a small percentage of renewable resources. The GEP problem is discussed with the impacts of wind energy and solar PV in the electricity grid are represented in the form of internal and external flexibility constraint as well as system inertia constraint in this study. This provides the readers to deduce the changes that need to be made to the traditional GEP problem in order to include a substantial penetration of RES in the expansion strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of solar energy and wind speed plays an important role in various energy applications. Solar energy and wind speed are widely used sources of renewable energy as they reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases. It is a challenge to forecast the solar radiation & wind speed due to their intermittent and chaotic nature. There are some ANN techniques which are available for forecasting of environmental variables. In this paper, solar radiation as well as wind speed predicted by Levenberg Marquardt and Bayesian Regularization ANN algorithm. These models are tested using hourly meteorological datasets i.e. humidity, temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction and solar radiation of two months from September 2016 to October 2016 collected by HI-SEAS weather station. After simulation, we also discussed advantages and disadvantages of the both the algorithms. The results shows that Levenberg Marquardt algorithm performed better in respect of convergence speed and gives less MSE. Memory size is a problem in LM model. Bayesian regularization algorithm is better to overcome from generalization problem and curve fitting problem but slower than Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for additional energy, like expanding technology, drives us to look for new energy sources. Renewable energy resource is the most essential application field for this search. Due to their abundance, ease of obtain ability, and switchable to electric energy, wind, and solar energy have become popular. This project focuses on the development of a hybrid renewable energy system for a household application that uses solar and wind power and is controlled by a microcontroller. This project is being carried out with the use of available line electricity. The system's batteries are charged through a tiny alternator utilizing either solar or wind power. The microcontroller is primarily responsible for system control. The system's power supplies and loads are continuously monitored and regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar activity starts decreasing as it reaches the solar minimum starting 2017. The sunspot number is decreasing, and the sun seems less active to produce solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). However, there are some cases where the Sun tends to release solar radio bursts, especially Type II burst, and Type III burst as the greater the strength of the magnetic field of the plasma on the photosphere. It might be due to unbalanced magnetic free energy that triggers the process of magnetic reconnection and releases huge amounts of high energetic particles and transmits to the Earth by solar wind in the interplanetary space. The data were collected from the Space Weather website for space weather conditions, Space Weather Live websites provide an X-ray class of flares data and an e-CALLISTO network to determine types of solar radio burst. As the data collected, illustrates on 29th May 2020, two events that produce M1.1 class of flares (07:24 UT) and C9.3 class of flares (10:45 UT) at Denmark station and Greenland station. It has a high possibility to cause breakdown to radio telecommunication and causing minor radiation storms. Predictions are important for the preparation system to shut down and prevent instruments, especially satellites, from breaking down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental and numerical analysis has been carried out using the solar chimney to improve the natural room ventilation and thermal performance. MATLAB programming has been used to simulate the natural phenomenon. The climatic conditions of the city of Kirkuk-Iraq has been considered for this study. The thermal efficiency of the solar chimney has been studied at various inclination angles such as 30°, 45°, and 60° with the solar chimney facing south. The solar chimney at a 60° angle, according to the data, yields the better thermal performance and ventilation rate. In this study, it was discovered that wind speed and solar intensity have a greater impact on ACH. Finally, the error percentage among the numerical prediction and the experimental calculation has not exceeded 5% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the design and perform of the best choice between 18 hybrid models to supply a specific load hypothetical building in Al-Muthana city in Iraq Country. These 18 models consist of different configurations of renewable energy systems. This paper's steps were to measure and collect the necessary datum of solar radiance and the wind speed for Al-Muthana governorate. The HOMER software for renewable energy that used to enhance the optimization of off-grid and on-grid systems. The simulation model was used to determine the optimum system outcome based on power-efficiency for the load exactly, consider the costs and the environmental emissions. The consolation models were used to distinguish the prices of the hybrid system and their environment effect. The results show that the sutiable system for Al-Muthana governorate is consist of (wind turbine+Converter+Grid). This city is required to (one Wind turbine type RCVA-60KW+72 kW Converter+108 kW Grid) with a net present cost (110120 $). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomagnetic storms cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, which differ in their spectral composition at different latitudes. The study of local spectral characteristics, both via remote sensing and ground-based data, provides valuable information on the dynamic processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and the longitudinal propagation of the corresponding disturbances. The local spectral characteristics of the moderate (G2) geomagnetic storm that occurred March 13-14, 2022, are obtained. A time series of data recorded at Conrad Observatory, Austria, on the variations of the geomagnetic field along the X and Y directions in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) range corresponding to periods 1-900s is analyzed. Through the application of coherent analysis based on wavelet transformation, the time periods and frequency intervals where the two components of the geomagnetic field have a high degree of correlation with each other are determined. The Morlet wavelet method is then applied, and the power spectrum is found. Two types of ULF waves are clearly visible in the spectra of the Pc3 and Pc5 frequency bands recorded during the storm. Pc5 waves occur during all phases of the storm, while Pc3 waves mainly occur during the main phase. Their relationship with temporal changes in the parameters of the solar wind is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design procedure and manufacturing of a small hybrid solar-wind turbine type Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) compensated with PV panel. The design of Savonius wind turbine (SWT) depend on modified blade shape model according to site condition in Baghdad city with wind speed 3 m/s. The sizing of photovoltaic (PV) system depends on required load (400 W) for lighting. PV panel tilt angle optimized according to Baghdad city location at (latitude 33°20′). Mathematical models were programmed by MATLAB to predict the solar energy incident on the surface all day of the year at angles from (0-90o). The monthly optimum tilt angle can vary significantly during the year between 18o at summer to 65o at winter seasons. The wind turbine can provide 10%-25% from total clean energy especially at cloudy or dusty days with received low solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical power plays a vital role in our lives. We need electricity for industry, agriculture, transport, communication, etc. The fundamental relationship between energy and economics is more people with more income, means a rise in production and hence more consumption of energy. Electric power demand is increasing day by day in all sectors along with the population. Population and income growth are the most powerful driving forces behind electrical power demand globally. To deal with the situation power engineers continuously focus on the increase in the utilization of new and renewable energy. Till date, only wind generator and the solar PV are the two energy sources which give promising results and the mobility to utilize the energy generated through them. Due to technical limitations, the size of the wind generator or solar PV is more than that of the generating electric power. After so many years of research, researchers said that the power utilization generated through solar PV and wind turbine can be easily possible for less load rating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the possibility of increasing energy production when using special climatic conditions on the coast of the seas and in the mountains, as well as in other similar conditions for installing wind turbines in pipes, using solar energy, and obtaining melt water from snow. The proposed schemes make it possible to reduce the size of the rotor, increase energy production with a constant rotor diameter, eliminate the multiplier and the wind turbine orientation system, increase the turbine efficiency, and receive additional water and energy from the hydraulic turbine in the summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the shipping industry has shifted toward more energy-efficient, low-pollution ships. Diesel generators power the propulsion motors on a conventional ship. The use of wind/solar/battery hybrid 3phase power generation lowers the cost of propulsion while increasing the efficiency of the ship system. In this regard, research efforts are centered on integrating renewable energy sources solar PV and wind power combined with traditional diesel generators, batteries, and fuel cells, for example. The various energy sources in shipboard power systems must be managed both technically and environmentally. As a result, an energy management system is required in ships to control and monitor the overall performance of the three-phase power generation. The integration of solar and wind energy systems with high-frequency power electronic converters is proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the available buses used for public transport require large quantity of fossil fuel which creates a demand for fossil fuel, where in fossil fuels are exhaustible in nature. The main disadvantage of using fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel is air pollution, which significantly contributes for global warming. In most of the developing countries buses are large in numbers, constitutes primary mode of public transport. To make the mass transport pollution free, it is time to upgrade the existing buses to run on alternate green fuel. As air is abundant in nature which is available everywhere and sunlight is available at most of the daytime our work is focused on extracting energy from both the solar and wind, which will charge the battery of the bus running on alternate green fuel i.e., electrical energy. This bus is more efficient and carbon free as compared to buses running on fossil fuels, as it uses alternate sources to drive the bus. During daytime solar energy charges, the battery at standstill or in movement. Even during movement, the wind energy extracted is used to charge the battery. The wind energy output depends on speed of bus. The other advantage of this bus is, when any one of the requirements is not met, we can charge the battery through EV charging station in case of emergency. The bus battery charging can be managed or controlled by android system, in addition to this feature, there are other built-in features such as battery management system and battery update system, details of battery update will be shown to bus operators, based on battery update details, the operator can act based on battery condition. This paper contains the design of the solar wind powered electric bus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geomagnetic field is the earth's natural defense that protects us from the cosmic rays coming in the solar wind. These energetic particles can damage our technology such as communication satellites, electric networks, hydroelectric and GPS navigation systems, especially in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAMA). This work presents the design and implementation of a low-cost geomagnetic station to monitor the earth's magnetic field variations and their correlations with space weather. The station uses Commercial Off-The-Shelf electronic devices such as a Raspberry pi, high-precision analog-digital converters, and triaxial fluxgate sensors. The hardware system and the software allow the logging sensor's data automatically. Preliminary results allowed us to measure variations correlated with Brazil's geomagnetic station in Medianeira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves and geomagnetic pulsations plays an important role in better understanding the mechanisms of their generation and spread in the magnetosphere and on the ground. The magnetospheric ULF waves, which provide useful information about the conditions in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere, can be detected on the ground by different types of magnetometers and recorded as geomagnetic pulsations - continuous and irregular. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Pc5 geomagnetic continuous pulsations recorded at mid latitudes during the strong geomagnetic storm (Kp =7) that occurred on May 12, 2021. The sets of time series of data at sampling period 1s, recorded along the three geomagnetic directions (X, Y and Z), are shown and analyzed. A spectral analysis, based on the Morlet Wavelet transform, is applied. It shows powerful geomagnetic disturbances in the Pc5 band (1.7-6.7 mHz) in two-time intervals: 00-02 UTC- before the beginning of the storm and 10-15 UTC- during the storm. Furthermore, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) band pass filter is applied to the data series, and Pc5 pulsations are shown. It was concluded that their emergence was correlated with the dynamics of changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component, solar wind plasma speed, and flow dynamic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetospheric pulsations and the mechanisms underlying their generation are topics under active studies. The Pc5 (f =1.7-6.7 mHz) geomagnetic continuous pulsations, recorded at mid latitudes (L =1.6) during December 2019, with a low level of geomagnetic activity, are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The data sets of the series on geomagnetic field variations recorded at Panagjuriste Geomagnetic Observatory in Bulgaria are analyzed. The spectral characteristics of the pulsations were determined by Continuous Wavelet Analysis (CWT). It is demonstrated that Pc5 pulsation activity appears with all ranges of periods (140-600s) on December 6, 8, and 18, 2019, at time intervals of 02-17 UTC, 14-20 UTC, and 00-16 UTC, respectively. Then, the solar wind (SW) plasma speed, the flow dynamic pressure, and the geomagnetic index Kp are computed for every case of recorded Pc5 pulsations. It is suggested that recorded continuous pulsations in the Pc5 range are due to step-like or sudden increases in solar wind oscillations and variations of the flow dynamic pressure, which precede the appearance of pulsations and drive compressional magnetic field variations in the magnetosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic attracts the attention of many countries of the world, as it is rich in hydrocarbons. The polar people are faced with the problem of providing electricity. Traditionally, diesel generators are used in the Arctic, while electricity is costly, and the generators themselves pollute the environment. Many researchers use wind generators and solar power plants. Wind generators do not withstand severe frosts and strong winds. This study is devoted to the problem of choosing the type of solar cells that could work efficiently at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research is the analysis of statistical and spectral methods for the description of turbulent flows. Since most astrophysical plasmas are collisionless on kinetic scales, plasma processes in the Solar system can be considered as a test basis for other magnetohydrodynamic mediums. In this case, measurements with high sampling rate allow us to study plasma characteristics in a wide range of scales. To analyze turbulent processes in magnetohydrodynamic flows, we used the measurements of fluxgate magnetometers from four spacecraft of the Cluster II space mission with a sampling frequency of 22.5 Hz in the region of the current disruption in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere (three events of 2014-2015). In particular, we conduct the analysis of the evolution of the probability distribution function of the magnetic field fluctuations at different scales, the analysis of the power spectral density (Fourier analysis) and the analysis of the wavelet power spectrum (Wavelet analysis). The features of turbulent processes determined to depend on the scale, and they are in a good agreement between the results obtained via different methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulation of nonlinearly coupled slow magnetosonic wave (SMSW) and ion acoustic wave (IAW) have been studied under the proposed pump wave SMSW, where its density perturbation is done by IAW. The inclusion of ponderomotive force components of SMSW in the so-called equation of IAW, a nonlinear coupled equation of IAW and SMSW is formulated for the study of power spectra satisfy the scaling law, k−s (2≤s≤4) in the dispersive range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kind of interaction between solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere depends up on the plasma structures present in the solar wind. This interaction builds a chain of activities on the geo- magnetic environment. However the intensity of these activities depends up on the orientation and the strength of IMF Bz embedded within the solar wind. One such plasma structure is a magnetic cloud identified by its unique and measurable features. It is a kind of large scale interplanetary solar wind plasma structure resulted as a transient ejection of the solar plasma in the solar wind. Its characteristics were first time reported in 1981 by a group of scientists, who have studied the solar wind ejection with the help of several satellites data simultaneously. Present study deals with the behavior of these interplanetary magnetic clouds and the behavior of ground level enhancement events (GLEs) as well as studying the Forbush decrease events simultaneously. We studied these events during the phase of highly intense or ultra-intense geomagnetic field perturbations. We have utilized the IMF and Solar data provided by Omni web-NASA and the geomagnetic data obtained through magnetometers, measured and provided by WDC Kyoto. Our results indicate that energetic particles coming from deep surface interact with these abnormal solar and interplanetary conditions (Magnetic clouds) and suffer modulation effects. It is found that AP and AE indices show rise before the forward turnings of IMF, while the Dst index depicts a classic storm time decrease. The analysis indicates that the magnitude of all the responses depends on BZ component of IMF being well correlated with solar maximum and minimum periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development and industrialization in recent years have posed a great challenge to the environment and air quality due to the increased anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter. Both PM2.5 and PM10 (particulates with aerodynamic diameters equal or less than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) have become the forefront focus due to their adverse effect on human health and climate. Therefore, the assessment of chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 defining in general their toxicity and its correlation with meteorological parameters are worth to consider. The aim of the current study is to determine the concentration of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in airborne PM2.5 and PM10 collected in the urban area of Burgas, Bulgaria, to investigate the PAH relationship between these two particle fractions and correlation of their concentrations with meteorological parameters. Twenty-four-hour samples of PM10 and PM2.5 particle fraction were collected on quartz filters using air sampler OPSIS SM200 with flow rate about 2.3 N m³ h -1 . The fractions were sampled in January, 2020, and the recovered through ultrasound-assisted extraction PAHs were analyzed by GC–MS in SIM mode. The obtained results revealed that for the studied period the mean PAHs PM2.5 and PAHs PM10 concentrations are respectively 14.5 ng m-3 (RSD=53.8%) and 13.8 ng m-3 (RSD=51.9%) and represent about 0.14% and 0.06% of the weight of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. In fact, PM2.5, PM10, PAHs PM2.5 and PAHs PM10 concentrations correlate well with each other. With regards to meteorological parameters, a good linear correlation is registered with solar radiation and wind speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a high-resolution x-ray quantum microcalorimeter detector, x-ray emissions following single charge exchange are measured for 392 km/s, 554 km/s, 678 km/s, and 876 km/s Ne8+ on He collisions. Line ratios are reported for 3p → 2s, 4s → 2p, 3d → 2p, and 4d → 2p emissions by normalizing these to 4p → 2s emission. It is found that the measured line ratios are in good agreement with a multichannel Landau-Zener calculation for the 4s → 2p emission. However, unlike the calculation, the measured line ratios for 3p → 2s, 4d → 2p and 3d → 2p emissions show an increasing state-selectivity for 4d and 4f states with increasing collision velocity. This probably indicates the importance of rotational coupling effects in high angular momentum population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite observations predict that drift magnetosonic waves play an important role in solar wind heating. We examine the effect of parallel streaming of electrons on the drift magnetosonic mode in an anisotropic solar wind environment. Free energy sources, including electron streaming, density inhomogeneity, and temperature anisotropy, are simultaneously present in the solar wind and may influence the kinetic instability of the magnetosonic mode. We explore the interaction of these sources and study the consequent growth of a magnetosonic wave. The instability generated by drift magnetosonic waves is found to be suppressed by the streaming of electrons. This finding supports Landau damping of the waves, which results in the heating of the solar wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity generated from renewable energy sources is becoming widespread due to the adverse environmental effects and increasing costs associated with the use of conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, hydel and nuclear. Electricity generated from readily available renewable energy sources like solar and wind are great alternatives and have the potential of satisfying the energy requirements to a great extent. However, solar and wind energy used independently are not entirely reliable due to their unstable nature and intermittent availability. The use of solar and wind energy together as a hybrid energy system has been found to be more efficient and economically viable. The objective of this paper is to carry out a feasibility study of standalone solar-wind hybrid energy system in Guwahati. Solar irradiation and wind speed of various locations of the city has been collected for the work. A standalone hybrid energy system comprising of solar panels, wind turbines and battery bank supplying an assumed load is used for this study. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) technique is employed to find the optimal number of solar panels, wind turbines and batteries keeping load fulfillment and economical constraints in mind. The study concludes by identifying the hot spots in the city where solar wind hybrid energy systems are feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are non-regular solar events, frequently connected with Space Weather disturbances, some of them with severe magnetic storms. The significant releases of plasma with CMEs impact modulations of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) causing sudden and casual decrease of Cosmic Rays (CR), known as Forbush Decrease. For detection of such kind effects, uninterrupted in situ measurements of secondary CR muons may be used. To deal with the very fast growing data, an application based on Change Point (CP) analysis is used. It is an automatic statistical tool for sequential test analysis of abrupt regime changes in CR time series. For the study, results are reported with in-situ measured data at Moussala peak (2925 m.a.s.l.) for the period of 4 years - from 2014 to end of 2017 year and confirmed with satellite data for geoeffective solar activity connected with detected FD events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power, via wind turbine, transforms mechanical energy to electrical energy. It is an alternative to burning fossil fuels, it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, consumes no water, and uses little surface of land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those of fossil fuel sources. This paper proposes a forecasting model based on time series technique for wind power energy generation. The increasing use of renewable energy from solar and wind sources has gained acceptance and is being increasingly used. The main problems with these energies sources are the dependence of power output on the environmental parameters and the circadian variation. In order to obtain a continuous time series, average daily specific power records, W/m², are used and moving average and exponential smoothing were tested to evidence the trend and seasonal patterns. The resulting data were correlated in mathematical models which were in good agreement with data collected from a Romanian wind power energy plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental consequences and depleting trends of fossil fuel reserves has made an earnest requirement of wider dissemination of renewable energy resources for power generation. Energy costs from renewables are generally higher due to their high initial capital investments. Wind and solar are the two major renewable energy resources accounted for 65% of the global total electricity generated from renewables (excluding hydro). Despite these two renewable energy resources are relatively evenly distributed over the world and have capabilities to counteract environmental challenges, their commercial deployment is limited due to the lack of inclusion of their indirect benefits. This study examines three major indirect benefits from the solar and wind based electricity, i.e. emissions, water saving and job creation benefits and figures out how these benefits offset their higher cost per unit of electricity. We have found that solar and wind electricity create these benefits in the range of 930-950 gCO2e/kWh, 0.80-3.12 L/kWh, and 0.10-1.21 person-years/GWh in compare to most common fossil fuel (coal). While valuing these benefits, an emission saving of 925 gCO2e/kWh, for example, could offset 2.6 US¢/kWh of electricity price for an emission pricing of 40 US$/tonne. Water and job creation benefits also offset further costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]