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The incredible progress in the application of organic molecule for the development of electrochemical sensor with superior sensitivity has witnessed in the last decade. Electro oxidation of bioactive molecule, ambroxol (ABL) has been investigated by Patton and Reeders modified carbon paste electrode (PR/CPE) using voltammetry techniques. Modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM). The voltammetry dependence on current, potential, pH, concentrations, scan rate, temperature. According to a liner relation between peak potential, peak current, scan rate, effect of temperature, heterogeneous rate constant ambroxol concentration, square wave voltameter methods (SWV) used for the quantitative determination in phosphate buffer solution was developed. A linear response was obtained in the range of with a detection limit LOD = 2.5 nM. The possible electrochemical oxidation of two electrons and two protons free radical mechanism is proposed, and thermodynamic parameters of ambroxol oxidation were determined. The analytical application of this electrochemically modified electrode was employed for the determination of ambroxol in urine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a selective, simple, and sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of theophylline was proposed based on a composite electrode. Electrochemical analysis of organic drug molecule, theophylline (TP) was investigated at eriochrome black-T and graphite powder composite electrode using different voltammetry techniques.. The linear response was obtained in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 M to 10 x 10-8 M with a detection limit LOD 20 nM. A possible electrochemical oxidation for theophylline involving two electrons and two protons was found and a suitable mechanism was proposed. For the analytical applications, pharmaceutical dose form and human urine sample analysis were performed. Various interferents were used to investigate the interference in the analytical application, and it was found that the proposed method could be well adopted for clinical trials and real sample analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]