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The PLL is a structural circuit design of closed loop control system whose main function is to facilitate frequency as well as phase synchronization of the fed input signal. PLL is a form of frequency synthesizer and In integrated transceivers, the frequency synthesizer is one of the most essential aspects. The 3rd order Δ-∑ modulator design model is demonstrated in the below discussion This can over by adopting new method designing new architecture of PLL which is suitable for low noise for wireless applications. Some of challenges are achieved by the PLL that reduction in the power, less area and high frequency In this comparison is of different PLL is shown with the diagram. In this paper explained basic loop transfer function, noise sources dividers, phase detectors and operation of the fractional-N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy Harvesting is a technique utilizing the energy from external sources to power the sensors which drain quickly while continuous monitoring and sensing. These techniques are reliable for a longer duration of time and allow to increase the scalability of the device they are powered into. These devices are made out of piezoelectric materials which are used for energy harvesting. The resonance frequency is an important factor affecting the device parameter when it is placed in an external environment and the resonance frequency should vibrate at the same frequency with the ambient environment. This paper reports the variation in parameters of length thickness and width on a single cantilever structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]