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To Electrical energy has been considered as one of our day-to-day life essentials. However, it is consumed by the public based on payment at regular intervals. The Electricity board informs the customers about their energy consumption at the end of the allocated duration. In places like Tamil Nadu, different tariff slab rates are followed and moreover the few units above the determined slabs brings a huge difference in the total amount to be paid. Although the payment procedure is different at different places, the smart energy meter technology overtakes the method for measuring electrical energy worldwide So, if the customers are able to know their energy consumption and corresponding bill within the duration, the domestic appliances and their usage can be monitored which may help to control the energy consumption in return lesser bill amount. A possible solution to alert the user is by sending SMS whenever the energy consumed crosses its predetermined units. This paper proposes the smart energy meter technology associated with ARDUINO UNO and GSM. The developed meter technology not only keeps track of energy usage but also considers the modification to send an alert message at predetermined levels. Hence the proposed energy meter helps the customer to monitor the energy consumption and the bill amount thereby creating a sustainable energy management and reformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the United Nations World Water Development Report of 2018, approximately 6 billion people will be impacted by clean water scarcity by 2050. Due to the rise in population, several parts of the world experience water crises as their groundwater table levels are decreased. In addition to this, wasting water through unwanted usage has become one of the habitual activities of the human population. To resolve this issue, an intelligent solution is proposed using water metering in this paper. A novel approach to performing automated water-metering by providing the water inlet and outlet information from the locality to the Water Distribution Board (WDB) is proposed in this paper. This smart metering method is distinct from currently available commercial models with a simple hardware setup for water inlet and outlet measurement and a mobile application. The proposed scheme significantly decreases overhead expenses on the water distribution board in handling water meter readings and billing water consumption. This scheme aims to make the consumers conserve water and become active participants in the water management system. This also helps in minimizing the unwanted use of water either from the corporation or from borewells at their localities and thus gives a great lead to water conservation and saving the lives of the future generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy has been used for hundreds of years and is now nearly indispensable in people's lives. The prepaid digital kWh meter is PLN's most recent electrical energy measurement system. As a result, people tend to use only electrical energy in the absence of a control or monitoring culture. As a result, a system or website platform that can control and monitor the use of electrical energy, particularly in the main grid and microgrid energy, is required. The use of wireless technology in conjunction with a website platform can significantly raise consumer awareness of energy savings. For this vision, real-time data on energy supply and demand can be applied to the website platform. Further investigation into the implementation of wireless electrical energy monitoring using a web database. This study employs electrical energy monitoring in households via website monitoring, with outputs such as measurement data such as time, power used, incoming power, voltage, and electric current used stored in the database server. Electrical data from Hybrid Energy is developed in this study into a web-based information system application. There are advantages, such as the ability to monitor directly or in real-time without waiting for information / postpaid and balance out / prepaid. The use of Smart Meters with monitoring and analysis has the potential to provide electricity decisions in supply or demand, as well as make the country's electrical energy sources more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid is a power grid that integrates user-generated renewable electricity sources such as solar panels and wind turbines with the company's main grid. This small generator is called a microgrid. A smart meter is needed in the 4.0 revolution era to control and determine the use of voltage, current, power, and electrical energy used and integrate two energy sources at once from renewable energy (microgrid) with PLN (main grid). The working principle of smart meters uses Kirchhoff's current law; a series of 3 branches, namely two inputs and one output branch, is used as the basis for developing smart meters. Using PZEM004T as an AC power sensor module that captures current, voltage, power, frequency, and power factor data, it is sampled and compared in each input branch using the Nodemcu 8266 microcontroller. For data acquisition of voltage, current, power, and electrical energy stored through the Mysql database using IoT facilities without having to be where the tool is located. This smart meter can detect the direction of the electric power flow the customer is buying (importing), selling (exporting) or both. With its ability to perform two-way detection, apart from opening up various innovations in electricity services, this research can also contribute to accelerating the adoption of renewable energy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid (SG) is a power grid system being developed due to information technology advances. SG can unite various generators, including micro-scale (microgrid), which are generally sourced from renewable energy such as solar and wind. It is called a hybrid operation. Adopting information technology in the electrical system allows the flow of power and information to run in both directions simultaneously and produces data that can be acquired in real-time. This data is helpful for the optimum operation of the electricity network itself, so it is called a smart grid, and one of the data sources is a smart meter. The potential for microgrid growth in Indonesia is quite large, considering located in the equator area. However, smart meters in Indonesia generally still do not support hybrid operation. In addition, it cannot record detailed data and send it online. This proposal aims to design an AC-DC smart meter to be implemented in PLN hybrid operations and solar panels. By following the rules of Kirchoff's Law I, the ACS 712 & Voltage Sensor sensor will be used to detect the current from a variable DC power supply that is set to resemble the character of a solar panel before entering the sine inverter, and PZEM004 will be used to determine the flow of AC from PLN. Furthermore, the data from the two sensors are combined and processed using Arduino Uno as the result of a hybrid operation whose data is sent to a database server. It is hoped that in addition to being able to combine two power sources (PLN and solar panels), this smart meter can also measure the hybrid operation for the direction of each power flow: whether the user is consuming power from PLN, from solar panels, or selling his solar panel power to PLN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing population density causes an increased demand for energy. Also, the large number of power generating stations, in addition to the rapid development of renewable energies, has brought an important challenge: developing energy networks and making them smart. Advanced meter infrastructure (AMI) provides data on energy use and network status by connecting utility companies and homeowners through wireless communication. Smart meters with real-time invoicing are a measurement device, tool that uses automatic data reading to give users information on how much energy they have used in the past hour, day, and month. The gadget advises the user on when to use energy and forecasts when power consumption will exceed the intended power. This paper reviews all aspects of smart power meters and their applications and billing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of utilizing machine learning in cyber security is complicated to resolve it. The explanation for this is not straightforward because developments in the sector have led to the opening so many opportunities. That is difficult to select the ones that are the greatest and most effective for making decisions and putting them into action. In addition, intruders can utilize technology of this kind to launch attacks against computer systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the application of machine learning in the context of cyber defense and cyber-attacks. In addition, present a model of an attack driven by machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart city water distribution system offers a dependable and trustworthy water supply through smart water meters. To monitor, manage, automate, and control water distribution in a smart city, a smart water grid uses IoT devices like sensors, smart water meters, and controllers together with data analytics. A wealth of information on water pressure, availability, contamination, and water distribution system flaws may be gathered thanks to the smart sensors. Real-time data collection and analysis ensure that losses are kept to a minimum, improving system effectiveness. By imitating the self-learning functions layer and building a data-driven model with the available dataset, deep learning (DL), the most advanced paradigm of artificial neural network (ANN) computing, distinguishes itself from conventional or shallow learning methods. The suggested framework focuses on the creation of an effective deep learning framework with possible applications in data fusion, predictive analysis, the identification of anomalous events from recorded time series data, and the long short-term memory model for water usage prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the most important role in day-to-day life. Water shortage is becoming a reality as water use and pollution continue to grow concern round the universe while s o m e reckless individuals waste water on a regular basis by overusing it, a large population remains without access to clean drinking water. This problem is caused by the irregular distribution of water. To deal with this, we need a solution that gives data about water flow rate as well as water use of an industrial area or home to the government to enable proper water distribution. This paper aims to build a Smart Water Metering System (SWMS) for real-time water monitoring. The relatively recent Smart Water Metering (SWM) Technology offers high resolution and frequent watering consumption data which may be wont to improve water protection and management by providing suggestions to customers. Water is one among the vital resources for the existence of human life then the Smart water management system features a key role in smart city. Through using moderate Internet of thing equipment including mobile applications, a smart metering solution suggested varies with standard production techniques. This device requires all Meter Readers to use standard devices as single local suppliers to do smart meter and upgrade the database of the network. An online tracking system is to provide these data on web dB in real-time. The routing protocol increases the reliability of water supply and lowers the use of electricity, potential failures and, as a result, loss of water supplies, and the alternative methods needed for smart water metering have been reviewed. And a design for a Smart water meter is proposed and an implementation detail of Smart water metering system is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is one of the sources of energy that is not limited and its availability never runs out and this energy can also be used as alternative energy capable of producing electrical energy with the help of solar cells. A solar cell is a device that can convert solar energy into electrical energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect process, therefore solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells. Especially now that we have entered industry 4.0, where everything is integrated into an application. To utilize solar energy and keep up with industry 4.0, an IoT-based and solar-powered smart garage was designed. This design is a mockup with a size of 40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm. This design has 3 support systems, namely: the main door system, the small door system, and the kWh Smart Meter (KSM) system. The main door system uses an ESP32 camera to detect QR codes where the barcode functions for vehicle identity, this system uses an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 which is useful for knowing the situation inside and outside the garage. The small door system uses an ESP32 camera to recognize faces and ultrasonic sensors to detect human presence in front of a small door. Both systems are integrated into an ESP32. In the KSM system, current sensors and voltage sensors are used, both sensors are useful for knowing the voltage on the battery and for calculating the costs saved when using solar electricity. All sensors are integrated on an ESP32. The two ESP32s are connected to an application that is useful for managing all these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart water consumption metering can provide data at a much more specific spatial and temporal resolution. In this context, smart meters provide essential information for developing customer consumption models, which can be used to modify behavior, favor water savings, and bring other benefits. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the benefits of the smart metering system implemented in the pilot project for the individualization of water consumption in a residential block in the city of Brasília/DF, Brazil. To assess the benefits, two scenarios were considered: the first contemplated only the implementation of the system, whereas the second contemplated the possible impact of establishing a detailed temporary water balancing system and a leak alarm system for the consumer units. The results revealed that the adoption of these two features resulted in a financial return that was 8.5 times higher than average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, we see a huge demand for power due to the excessive usage of electricity by various appliances in our day-to-day life. This in turn creates an extensive need for developing accurate and reliable systems of power measurement to monitor the utilization of each consumer. Also, the consumer is ignorant of his energy usage and is therefore oblivious to the means of saving it. In industries, excess power usage than that defined results in heavy penalties. There also may be charges ensued without the knowledge of the user if the maximum demand exceeds contracted power for even a very short time period. To overcome all these issues, we have developed a smart meter that displays the current and voltage values to the end user as well as to the state authorities. The setup is made such that an alert is triggered when the sanctioned limit is exceeded. The consumer is notified via a voice announcer and an SMS message. The user then becomes aware of the breach and reduces his load by turning off certain appliances. On the other hand, if no action is taken, the supply to the user is terminated to fend off damage of equipment and losses to the government. The real time readings of the electrical parameters can be viewed as a line graph through a webpage by using the corresponding IP address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in Malaysia has increased considerably as the economy and culture have developed, with an increase of roughly 154 percent in fourteen years and a significant increase from 2019 to 2021. The majority of relevant research focuses on building textiles and household appliances, with little attention paid to inhabitants' energy use attitudes toward energy conservation. As a result, the goal of this research is to look into domestic energy use in Malaysia through a survey that focuses on the characteristics of energy use in urban households, demographics and building information, occupant behavior in cooling occupancy patterns, attitudes toward smart meters, and energy-saving policies. According to the findings of the survey, the ultimate energy consumption in Malaysia is influenced by family annual income. According to this study, high electrical energy users are more likely to have a higher family annual income and use their heating and cooling systems for longer periods of time. Furthermore, it was shown that smart meter acceptability in Malaysia is low because the majority of respondents are unaware of the possibilities of smart meters, implying that an awareness campaign is required if the government wishes to implement the use of smart meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and development of an Internet of Things-Based Smart Energy Meter for Domestic House (IoT-BSEM). This system can monitor data from electric consumption such as the electrical appliances, to give awareness to the consumers to save energy. The system can read the data on energy consumption and manage the data in the cloud by using the IoT platform. The system also able to collect and analyse in real-time energy consumption. The microcontroller-based energy meter is proposed, for read data, using several components, i.e. digital energy sensor (current sensor), NodeMCU ESP8266, and Wi-Fi module. The microcontroller receives the measured data from the sensor and calculated using developed algorithm, then data sent to the IoT cloud. The platform used to read data online called Blynk IoT platform, based on result, we successfully monitored the data by this developed IoT-BSEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity needs for hospitality reach almost one-third of the national electricity production. Griyapram Guesthouse is a kind of hospitality that provides accommodation for families in Malang city. As a role of awareness of energy conservation and energy saving in electrical, this guesthouse implements the sustainable system to its design. But, the goal of sustainable building is not obtained maximally without the awareness of the occupants. Based on observations, the problems among guesthouse residents often neglect to conserve and save electrical energy. This research will discuss how to select and apply smart home technology at the Griyapram guesthouse. Collecting the data was done through literature study, observation, and experiment. Based on the study results, this guesthouse implements LED lights for reducing cost expenses and implementing energy-saving. This building also applies a smart home concept based on IoT with an automation feature. This feature aims to anticipate user behavior who are less concerned with energy conservation and energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the greatest issues facing the nation today is the energy crisis. The energy crisis can be mitigated to some extent if people keep track of our energy consumption and avoid wasting it. People nowadays confront a variety of issues, including electricity theft. One's own country's economy has a major significant influence on electric power theft and is a type of crime. In this research, an IoT-based power utilizedis proposed andit is measured utilizing current and voltage sensor reading. The proposed IoT technology will readily detect energy theft. This Internet of Things is connected with an Arduino UNO IDE with a Wi-Fi module for IoT connectivity andcustomers will receive information viathe Blynk app. A current sensor is also included in this smart electricity meter, which relays the current information to the microcontroller. Users must connect cell phones to Blynk app so that the electricity theft can be tracked and monitored,which can help you to set up your system. The reading appears on the IoT screen as soon as it activates the system. The reading will be altered following the passage of time. If energy theft occurs, the theft will be detected and displayed on the IoT screen. To prevent theft, the user can use the IoT Blynk app to monitor the tracking of power utilized by the system anywhere and at any time, even after receiving the theft indication signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors have a significant impact on any building s energy consumption and its contribution to environmental footprint. Educational buildings form an integral part of commercial buildings, considering their energy consumption. This paper primarily aims to develop an energy model for higher educational Institutions (HEI) in India. The focus was to determine the contribution of significant factors to the total energy usage of the building. The Institution pioneered installing a smart IoT meter integrated into the Smart Campus Cloud Network (SCCN) in 2016 for energy monitoring. This facilitated a database of all relevant electrical parameters of the campus. The model developed with linear multivariable regression uses relevant data points from SCCN during three years from 2017 to 2019. Models developed, based on different usage patterns for each month, gave an insight into the relevant parameters on energy consumption, which varied due to externalities. A monthly trend analysis of both energy consumption and its related emission of the institute were performed. This validated the benefits from energy conservation drives at the campus. The results were indicative of a sustained mitigation initiative to reduce environmental impact, thus contributing to the reduction of Scope 2 GHG emissions. The analysis, along with the models developed, could help the HEIpredict future energy consumption. The institute thus portrayed sustainable stewardship, which any HEI could adopt in mitigating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this article is to present the functional information and knowledge - acquired from smart electricity meter readings, which are a component of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The relations between the management of knowledge acquired from the AMI system and the new empirically identifieddecision-making processes that make the management of electricity value more efficient, both on the side of the supplier but also, which need to be emphasised, on the side of the consumer/household, often the energy prosumer (micro RES production), are indicated in it. In the first part of the article - the theoretical and cognitive part - justification has been given for the subject matter specified in the title of the paper. Attention was drawn to the dynamic digitization and automation of energy metering readings. The size of the AMI market in terms of the growth in the number of smart meters in households, as well as the size of the market, has been quantitatively described. In the context of the dynamic growth of smart electricity meters, the growth of heterogeneous knowledge on households resulting from high-frequency readings was justified, which in fact reflect not only variable energy demand but also the culture of energy demand and use. In the paper its author has structured the insights gained from the AMI infrastructure. In turn, the second - empirical - part attempts to answer two research questions: 1) What information/knowledge in addition to real-time bi-directional energy readings necessary for energy value management can be generated through the use of high-frequency clocking smart meters?; 2) How to use the acquired knowledge, manage the knowledge, acquired from the readings of the distributed AMI (smart electricity meters) infrastructure, in terms of key decision-making processes that make energy value management more effective, both on the supplier side but also on the consumer/household side, frequently the energy prosumer - micro RES production. In order to answer the above two research questions, a questionnaire survey was conducted and a brainstorming, scientific discourse with inference was carried out with a group of business practitioners, including managers of corporations and energy companies - improving their knowledge, and competences in the area of management and entrepreneurship in energy markets, including RES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart meters are often understood as central devices in the smart, flexible and sustainable electric grid, enabling consumers to adapt their electricity use to current supply. In this study we are interested in how different actors in a Swedish context understand the smart meters and fit them into their locally situated practices and contexts, and we analyze the smart meters with the concept of boundary objects as an analytical lens with the purpose of describing and explaining tensions between actors in intended and actual use of smart meters. The case study builds on empirical material from policy documents, web pages and user forums, and include the Swedish government, authorities, grid operators and electricity suppliers as well as consumers. The main conclusions are that consumers were not included in the design and roll-out of the smart meters, resulting in that the available information requires consumers to be active and resourceful experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern power grids are undergoing many changes to meet the growing energy demand. A major limitation of traditional power grids is that they only allow for understanding the overall household’s total consumption, which is typically measured with high latency over the entire billing period. Smart grids and smart meters, on the other hand, enable access to timely household data. When such grids are equipped with the ability to read device-level data then they can be used to provide deeper analytic insights into energy utilization patterns at a very granular level. In this study, we propose using Dynamic Time Warping as a distance metric for clustering to examine consumers’ device-level energy consumption for four different geographic regions. Additional insight into device-level usage patterns for consumers is likely to lead us to develop persuasive IS systems that can improve energy efficiency and bring benefits to both power suppliers and power consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, outlines the steps that need to be taken to increase the reliability and efficiency of a city's power supply system. Today, the use of digital technologies in the power supply systems of cities in many developed countries of the world and the automatic control of distribution networks, online monitoring of consumer connections and disconnections are relevant. The article highlights the benefits of implementing smart grids in city power supply. The current state of the existing networks and the post-automation state are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major crisis which we face in our day-today life is water scarcity; the main cause is improper discharge of the available water. In order to compensate this thirst I have designed a module that can be placed within a residential area with the help of IoT based water monitoring system that measures water usage in real time. A water flow sensor is used to detect the utility parameter and if water level reaches the permitted or allotted level, the indication signal will be sent to mobile application. If water usage exceeds the limit beyond the allotted level, the solenoid valve gets closed. The residents need to pay the amount for water rent/water tax based on their usage (You Use You pay). Cloud server is used as data repository. The usage of water is retrieved as a database by Water board and the solenoid valve is used to restrict the flow of water when the water usage exceeds the limit. This setup gets turned ON only when it detects the presence of water. This concept may bring a drastic change to attain Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of managing energy through smart devices has become a significant issue in recent years. Though, the intelligent use of smart devices is an essential component in creating smart cities. Hence, it leads to establishing a smart grid as an infrastructure for smart cities. The smart grid infrastructure consists of smart meters, which is more reliable than digital meters for billing generation. A real-time smart meter system design is proposed and tested in this work. The measured voltage, current, and power factor for energy are multiplied every second and summed up for overall energy consumption, and this process applies to every consumer. Then, the energy consumption of each house is collected from a single region by sending them to the DCU (Data Concentrator Unit). Methods of transferring data in the proposed system consist of three technologies. The first one is the Bluetooth used between the smart socket and the smart meter. This technology was used due to the short distance between the two devices. The second one is Xbee, and it connects the smart meter and the DCU. This technology is used due to the distance between the two devices and the number of smart meters connected in one DCU. The last technology is GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), and it is used between the DCU and the server to transfer data since this technology can cover long distances. Energy providers will have to implement innovative Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing strategies to implement the above process. A smart meter has the potential to encourage consumers to shift demand from peak hours to off-peak hours or reduce peak demand. And upon the real experiment of the system, it was found that the error rate in the voltage sensor used in the system was 0.26%, and the error rate in the current sensor used was 0.6%. These numbers indicate the reliability of the system because they are acceptable values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the concept of an information - technological platform that allows to virtualize and visualize all possible ways to support machine-building factory enterprises, and ensure the required level effective online communication between all smart enterprises in the value chain. Concept of an Information-technological platform introduced by machine builders is essentially cyber physical control system - cyber physical system (CPS) or intelligent system. It is a computer-based system in which a mechanism is controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms. Information-technological platform aims to manage deeply intertwined physical and software components, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit multiple and distinct behavioural modalities, and interact with each other in ways that change with external conditions. Dedicated components allow factory enterprises to access the necessary information and analytical tools in real time. Among immediate advantages, the article talks about the possibility of creating a mechanism for involving smart machine-building factory enterprises in cooperative chains, reflecting the order of the integration interaction of regional programs and tools for supporting export-oriented manufacturers of machine-building products with international programs to support manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presented in the article distant learning and evaluation of its results with the help of technology "SMART", to improving the quality of high education, by virtualization of engineering education, modeling, optimization and its modern paradigms. Innovative educational technologies, when teaching a future technical engineer, contribute to the development of the abilities of free technical thinking, independent study and analysis, finding the right solution in problematic situations in production, as well as developing the skills of finding new ideas, thereby creating a positive result of the process of preparing for innovation. Therefore, it will be necessary to emphasize a great deal on personality-oriented educational technologies in the formation of the future engineer of a new generation as an organizer. In training, it has a great role to improve the pedagogical activity of teachers of special subjects of HEU and to strengthen their innovative potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are no joint families and younger's preferred to do jobs, so no one is available to take care of elderly people. To provide security assistance, the proposed system is developed based on the internet of things. The system has a smart doorbell which allows elderly people to see visitors at the front door via their mobile to avoid a face-to-face communication. Visitors may be authorized or unauthorized if authorized person door will be opened and at the same time captured image send to mobile of elder to notify, otherwise, notify that "allow the person or not". As an option to make the current person authorize to the next visit. Moreover, this system consists of Raspberry Pi as a vital role, Arduino for wireless monitoring electrical appliances from android application. Apart from the above activities this system alerts and gives the announcements of daily activities on time to have food, medicine, etc. Eventually, the proposed system gives high-security assistance to elderly people who live alone for the comfortable living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a smart grid environment, the demand response simulation and management is a crucial factor. For this purpose, a distributed framework that operates efficiently on the Internet of Things-based smart grid environment is presented in this paper. A universal collaboration software approach is used for exploiting the IoT-based smart grid environment for validation of demand response policies while enabling real-time simulation and management. The structure of the framework may be retained intact while enabling plug-and-play-based demand response policies and emulating the model in real-time power systems in a practical manner. In addition to the smart grid, the smart devices that are connected to the internet at the premise of the customer are integrated with the solution for transmission of actuation commands and retrieval of energy data. These features emphasize the demand response management capability of the proposed framework in a real-time smart grid environment. A demand response policy test case is used for verification of the performance of the proposed model in a smart grid environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the development of an automated system for commercial metering of energy resources from smart metering devices in an apartment building, using a hybrid data transmission system that is multi-resource, multiservice and is not a proprietary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Energy (IoE) emphasizes the need for an intelligent and adaptable Energy Grid system that is based on smart energy meters (SM) and IoT communication technologies. However, many countries are still unable to meet their SM rollout plans due to obstacles such as the lack of human and financial resources, and the absence of interoperable and globally standardized communication protocols in the energy sector. Therefore, developing an open-source platform that can be implemented on top of the existing legacy infrastructure, while having the capability of transmitting metering data over a proven, easily adaptable, and already established long-range wireless communications technology, could accelerate the anticipated migration to Smart Grids. The aim of this work is the realization of an open-source, low-cost telemetry platform that is capable to integrate DLMS / COSEM compliant energy meters over LoRaWAN; DLMS / COSEM is the global standard application protocol for smart energy metering, control, and management which is getting widely accepted in Europe and US. In the proposed architecture, the electricity (consumption or generation) telemetry data are further forwarded to a blockchain network, through a LoRaWaN application server, to be certified and consumed by Distributed Applications (DApp). This way, producers and consumers will be able to exchange (sell or buy) energy (especially from distributed renewable energy sources) over the existing infrastructure, using blockchain technology to enhance integrity, transparency, and security, leading thus to a peer-to-peer electricity trading platform and the democratization of the energy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the internet has been penetrating Indonesia for more than 20 years, data connectivity remains one of the concerning issues especially in the energy sector. Energy meters, which are the main instruments to control energy retails at consumer's side, have been mostly replaced from analog to digital smart meters. However, the generated data have yet integrated to the headquarter due to the poor data transmission costing power companies' opportunities in terms of business evaluation and improvement or accurate decision makings or the benefit obstruction of a properly functioning monitoring and control system. This paper proposes a novel design of hierarchical smart meter data hub to bridge the digital gap in the distribution level of the energy domain based on internet of things (IoT) technology, reasonably applicable for current development in Indonesia. In addition to the data hub architecture proposed, the 3 applicable data transfer protocols to deal with the existing network telecommunication infrastructure characterized by limited bandwidth are additionally presented in a practical approach. As this data hub architecture is designed to work with various distributed data networks enabling smart meters to directly communicate for the power company, implementing this method is potentially expected to accelerate the implementation of IoT based smart grid in a certain level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oistrict Metered Areas (DMA) are an effective method to manage water distribution systems all over the world. The most important role of DMA, in addition to sustainable water management, is the reduction of water leakage in distribution network both for water companies and for customer service efficiency. In the past decades, the Regulation Authority for Energy Networks and Environment tried to improve the network efficiency level and the knowledge of the leakage ratio for Italian companies dealing with SII (Water Integrated Service). Generally, leakage rate from these companies is more about estimate and not measurement associated to the whole water leakage (physical plus commercial ones). Today many water companies are improving their performances using network flow measurements, in real o semi-real time, but to this aim very few of them are using consumption coming from smart metering. ACEA ATO2 (i.e. Corporation) is the city of Rome (Italy) water agency; moreover it represents the first company in Italy for number of users served. For a long time, Acea ATO2 is managing to improve its capability reducing water leakage trough DMA and Smart Metering technology. Recently, ACEA ATO2 has been introducing an innovative process aimed primarily at a deeper knowledge of the infrastructure through improving the quality of measurements. With such of an approach, ACEA ATO2 is onward in terms of water system balance, supported by several instruments in the water distribution network (WON) and smart meter for each user. In the present study the first encouraging results of the DMA strategy are shown, moreover are provided evidences about how it efficiently can improve company performances in terms of the leakages evaluation. In this work are also presented benefits about the whole water cycle in a DMA strategy: inflow, used quantity and outflow (in terms of water returned back to the environment). Finally, is explained how measured data (i.e. flow rate, pressure, water delivered) , produces an improvement of several percentage points in the assessment of water leakage in a DMA, with clear advantages in water network management and water resource protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developments in the day to day life have led to smartness in everything, including technology. Smart devices are those devices which are controlled by receiving the signals either directly by the user or by another device. One such smart device is the Smart Energy Meter which provides the electricity consumption measurements and time-of- use information to the utilities and consumers and information is stored in cloud using IoT. With the development of the social economy, more and more appliances have been used in a house. It comes out a problem that how to manage and control these increasing various appliances efficiently and conveniently so as to achieve more comfortable, security and healthy space at home. A smart control system based on the technologies of Internet of Things has been proposed to solve the above problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an exploratory study that analysis the factors that influence the intention to use smart meters that measure electricity consumption. The authors used the technology acceptance model as a starting point for their research, taking into consideration other eight external variables: social influence, familiarity with smart meter technology, task-technology fit, compatibility, the level of trust in companies that supply electricity, price awareness, energy conservation intentions, and perception of the environmental problems. In this regard, it was developed a questionnaire that was applied to homeowners from a 5-year-old residential complex, from Bucharest, Romania, data being processed and analysed with SPSS statistical software. The results indicated that one of the most important factors that influence the intention to use smart meters is the compatibility with smart meter technology. Also, this study highlighted that price awareness and task-technology fit are also variables that strongly influence the attitude toward using a smart meter in the case of apartment owners from the residential complex. On the other hand, the intention to buy or attitude to use smart meters were not influenced by the level of trust in companies that supply electricity, and familiarity with smart meter technology, the homeowners being more concerned about energy conservation or environmental issues. Based on the results of this pilot study, at the end of the paper, the authors presented indications regarding the future research they will carry out to determine the most complete model of the factors that influence the use of smart meters in residential buildings in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity and water tariffs are undergoing significant changes due to smart metering, retail competition, and regulatory changes. Consumers now have to choose between different tariffs which are getting more and more complex. Theoretically, these new tariffs aim to use more cost-reective pricing to incentivise consumers to adopt the right behaviours. However, empirical evidence from real pricing shows that consumers are confused by the complexity. Based on a lab experiment, this paper investigates how electricity and water consumers adopt more or less complicated tariffs and adapt their behaviours accordingly. We show that subjects prefer simple tariffs over complex ones. However, when they receive adequate information about tariffs and appropriate behaviours, they choose more complex tariffs. These results argue in favour of self-selection of tariff forms, in order to account for consumers' different abilities to respond to the price signal. Lastly, we discuss the appropriateness of using a price mechanism to incentivise consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the topic of energy disaggregation for real-world implementation. The idea behind energy disaggregation is to utilize the aggregated energy consumption data from smart meters to identify individual appliances in the load by decomposition. However, appliance level usage prediction for residential areas is currently not practical. Yet Smart Living environments might benefit from non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) adoption. We therefore first lay a theoretical foundation by working out the core challenges for NILM adoption in real-world scenarios. We evaluate the semi-supervised model performance on a publicly available dataset REFIT. By reducing the sampling rate to 32 seconds as well as limiting the available labeled data for training, we give significant insight into the usability of semi-supervised NILM under real-world conditions. The availability of unlabeled observations seems to strengthen model prediction performance, allowing it to outperform a fully trained supervised model for certain appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Metering allows utilities to get a remote and instant reading of the electronic meters used for Electricity power consumption and water utilization. Despite all the advantages presented by the smart metering system, there are always some challenges to be faced, such as security and communication. Cyber-attacks not only may threaten the consumer's privacy but they can even lead to a compromised system with direct implications on people's safety and society activities. On the other hand, nodes Geo-location may also impose problems, when they are geographically dispersed and hard to reach from the usual cluster. The provisioning of such a large number of smart meters directly affects the operational cost expenditures. The same is true when there is not currently an appropriate communication infrastructure. Wireless technology offers an easier, faster, and cost-effective approach. To discuss and answer the above challenges, Low Power Wide area networks (LPWAN) technologies are considered, with special focus on Long Range/Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa/LoRaWAN) technology which facilitates long-range wireless, as they seem promising to anticipate for many of the recognized problems. Accordingly, for building such a reliable LPWAN-based smart metering infrastructure, applicability, feasibility, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities have to be examined using the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries across the globe are looking for some alternative sources of energy to cope up the depletion of fossil fuels. These alternative sources also help in minimizing the impact of climate change. To help the impact of climate change and to support the more renewable and electrical vehicle penetration, policies are designed. These policies encourage more renewable energy integration and promote electric vehicles. Net metering is a policy by the virtue of which unconsumed energy is fed into the distribution network and is utilized by the nearby consumers, connected to the same distribution network. It permits the renewable energy power producers of small scale to store or bank their electricity at the time of over-production and sent back to the grid. This paper throws some light on different net metering models available in the literature. Policy and regulatory barriers are investigated in the survey across all the states in the country. A review is presented on net metering policies across all states of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German energy transition is a new challenge for the energy supply grid. Distribution grid operators are particularly affected, especially since 90 % of the regenerative decentralized generation plants are installed at the distribution grid level. This change can lead to massive voltage band violations and equipment overloads. In principle, these problems can be solved by conventional grid expansion or smart grid solutions. In addition to economic reasons, Smart Grid solutions offer further advantages over conventional grid expansion, such as real-time monitoring of the grid state or problem handling using flexibility mechanisms - also with regard to the use of market-grid interactions. This article describes the added value of smart meters in the integration of regenerative decentralized generation plants with a focus on solar. The Smart Meter Gateway offers a tariff application case for the recording of feed-ins with a resolution of 15 minutes, which are transmitted cyclically, in order to fulfil the specifications for the integration of solar systems between 30 and 100 kilowatts in particular. In addition, this article illustrates how market participants can use the smart meter to map their business models in addition to grid-based control. The aim is to increase the integrability of renewable energy plants or storage facilities by means of flexibility mechanisms. The controllable systems provide a flexible share of the output on the market. In addition, artificial intelligence methods for photovoltaic power forecasting are presented within the framework of grid condition estimation, which result in a minimization of switching operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of smart market approaches as well as the implementation of smart meter infrastructure are tools to face the challenges which come along with the continuing transition of the energy system. This paper describes a field test of the application and use of smart markets and smart meter infrastructure in combination with one another, and points out constraints limiting their implementation. Besides the technical perspective, the importance of user participation in the field test to obtain findings regarding the usability of the concept is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of the ongoing transition of the energy supply towards a renewable and decentralized system, the number of electric vehicles in Germany is also increasing. The growing number of electric vehicles is an important part of the energy transition, along with the expansion of decentralized generation facilities. While there is sufficient measurement technology available at the transmission grid level to calculate the state of the grid and the calculation algorithms focus more on the redundancy of the measured values and their measurement errors, there is hardly any measurement technology available below the 110 kV level. As a result, the observability of mediumvoltage and low-voltage grids is severely restricted. This situation is historically conditioned and can be traced back to the power supply by means of central large-scale power plants. This paper highlights the added value of smart meters in the context of the integration of electromobility. Furthermore, it will be presented how the combination of smart meters and decentralized distribution grid automation systems can cost-efficiently increase the transparency in the grid. Within this framework, an intelligent Smart Meter Converter is presented, which provides the decentralized grid automation system with scenario-specific Smart Meter data in a usable form. The advantages and relevance of such a module in the context of digitization and industry 4.0 will be highlighted. Based on this, first steps for the practical realization of an intelligent Smart Meter Converter will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine insights from engineering and economics literature by incorporating microeconomic theory on consumer preferences into an existing electricity simulation model to provide an improved representation of residential customers' electricity consumption preferences. The resulting model can be used to evaluate and compare residential end-users' responses to electric rate designs and their decisions to invest in and operate distributed energy resources (DERs). In order to represent how end-users are likely to respond to different rate designs, we model residential end-users' preferences for consuming electricity by incorporating a constraint that represents the consumer welfare derived from thermal and non-thermal electricity services throughout the day. We then calibrate this model using advanced meter infrastructure (AMI) data from a large U.S. electric utility. In future research, this model can provide new insights by combining engineering simulation techniques with economic theory and econometric methods using real-world smart grid data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]