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The article discusses the relevance of the introduction of innovative forms of specialized education for children; it is proposed to get acquainted with the experience of implementing such a project on the basis of the IKBFU. The tasks of the educational project "Star of the Future" are revealed - the integration of general and additional education and future employers in order to expand the possibilities of vocational guidance training for children studying in specialized classes, mastering specialized subjects in various educational forms (modular training, project and online training, work in university laboratories, professional tests at enterprises and organizations), creating conditions for the formation of a child's image of a future profession and its conscious choice. The cluster approach to project implementation is substantiated as a direction in science and practice associated with the search and implementation of new opportunities for the development of society, increasing its welfare and competitiveness through the creation and management of clusters. The features of the project are listed: integration of basic (school part) and additional (university part) education; formation of universal competences, Digital and soft-competencies (including critical thinking, teamwork, communication and others); entrepreneurship training, formation of understanding of the “image of the future and professions of the future”; Deferred contract and targeted training; support and training of teachers who, in partnership with university teachers, implement programs. The quantitative and qualitative results of the project are proposed, the analysis of the effectiveness of the training is carried out for the assessment of which Donald Kirkpatrick`s four-level model was used. A conclusion is made about the success of the project and further ways of its development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relevance of the introduction of innovative forms of specialized education for children; it is proposed to get acquainted with the experience of implementing such a project on the basis of the IKBFU. The tasks of the educational project "Star of the Future" are revealed - the integration of general and additional education and future employers in order to expand the possibilities of vocational guidance training for children studying in specialized classes, mastering specialized subjects in various educational forms (modular training, project and online training, work in university laboratories, professional tests at enterprises and organizations), creating conditions for the formation of a child's image of a future profession and its conscious choice. The cluster approach to project implementation is substantiated as a direction in science and practice associated with the search and implementation of new opportunities for the development of society, increasing its welfare and competitiveness through the creation and management of clusters. The features of the project are listed: integration of basic (school part) and additional (university part) education; formation of universal competences, Digital and soft-competencies (including critical thinking, teamwork, communication and others); entrepreneurship training, formation of understanding of the "image of the future and professions of the future"; Deferred contract and targeted training; support and training of teachers who, in partnership with university teachers, implement programs. The quantitative and qualitative results of the project are proposed, the analysis of the effectiveness of the training is carried out for the assessment of which Donald Kirkpatrick's four-level model was used. A conclusion is made about the success of the project and further ways of its development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern challenges set new goals for vocational guidance in the education system: it is important to prepare the future subject of social and professional activity, with competencies that ensure success in various fields. The purpose of the study is the analysis of modern approaches and methods of vocational guidance in the education system as an accompaniment to the professional self-determination of schoolchildren in Russia and abroad. The study is based on a comparison of modern models and approaches to career guidance in different countries (USA, Europe, China, Russia, etc.) in the context of globalization, digitalization, accelerating the pace of change, and increasing uncertainty. The main empirical method of the research was the content analysis of scientific domestic and foreign scientific publications that reveal the theoretical and applied aspects of vocational guidance (86 publications in total). The categories of analysis were: campaigns, organizational models, subjects, goals, forms, and methods of vocational guidance. The study showed the presence of both common features and differences. The similarity is found at the theoretical level in understanding the purpose of modern career guidance as a process of supporting students' professional selfdetermination, as well as the importance of carrying out this work at all levels of education using practical-oriented forms of work. The features of vocational guidance in developed countries, unlike Russia, include the existence of an organized work system implemented by specialists in the form of educational programs. The study allows us to determine both the positive aspects of the development of vocational guidance in Russia, as well as the shortcomings that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant social stratification of society in modern Russia affects all spheres of society, including education. The secondary school setting is taking various measures to address this problem, but not always successfully. In this situation, the phenomenon of bullying has become widespread. The purpose of this study is to identify the teacher's ability to prevent school bullying caused by social inequality. The main research methods were the questionnaire conducted among schoolchildren of Smolensk (n=89) by using a modified version of the questionnaire by D. Olweus, and an interview with school teachers (n=28) which revealed that most of them did not react to bullying among students and the measures taken were a formal character. The article shows the connection between school bullying and social inequality, as well as the role of the teacher in its prevention. The study found that students from low-income families are much more likely to suffer from school bullying than their classmates from wealthier families. Analysis of the results shows that teachers' awareness of school bullying is low and that many teachers are not prepared to respond competently and promptly, understand the reasons and prevent it. Authors have developed recommendations for teachers on how to prevent school bullying caused by social inequality that include various forms of activities. The goal of such activities should be to create a school environment that is incompatible with aggressive behavior, in which children will learn to understand the feelings and desires of other people, to empathize with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant social stratification of society in modern Russia affects all spheres of society, including education. The secondary school setting is taking various measures to address this problem, but not always successfully. In this situation, the phenomenon of bullying has become widespread. The purpose of this study is to identify the teacher's ability to prevent school bullying caused by social inequality. The main research methods were the questionnaire conducted among schoolchildren of Smolensk (n=89) by using a modified version of the questionnaire by D. Olweus, and an interview with school teachers (n=28) which revealed that most of them did not react to bullying among students and the measures taken were a formal character. The article shows the connection between school bullying and social inequality, as well as the role of the teacher in its prevention. The study found that students from low-income families are much more likely to suffer from school bullying than their classmates from wealthier families. Analysis of the results shows that teachers' awareness of school bullying is low and that many teachers are not prepared to respond competently and promptly, understand the reasons and prevent it. Authors have developed recommendations for teachers on how to prevent school bullying caused by social inequality that include various forms of activities. The goal of such activities should be to create a school environment that is incompatible with aggressive behavior, in which children will learn to understand the feelings and desires of other people, to empathize with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern challenges set new goals for vocational guidance in the education system: it is important to prepare the future subject of social and professional activity, with competencies that ensure success in various fields. The purpose of the study is the analysis of modern approaches and methods of vocational guidance in the education system as an accompaniment to the professional self-determination of schoolchildren in Russia and abroad. The study is based on a comparison of modern models and approaches to career guidance in different countries (USA, Europe, China, Russia, etc.) in the context of globalization, digitalization, accelerating the pace of change, and increasing uncertainty. The main empirical method of the research was the content analysis of scientific domestic and foreign scientific publications that reveal the theoretical and applied aspects of vocational guidance (86 publications in total). The categories of analysis were: campaigns, organizational models, subjects, goals, forms, and methods of vocational guidance. The study showed the presence of both common features and differences. The similarity is found at the theoretical level in understanding the purpose of modern career guidance as a process of supporting students' professional selfdetermination, as well as the importance of carrying out this work at all levels of education using practical-oriented forms of work. The features of vocational guidance in developed countries, unlike Russia, include the existence of an organized work system implemented by specialists in the form of educational programs. The study allows us to determine both the positive aspects of the development of vocational guidance in Russia, as well as the shortcomings that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The question of safe use of the Internet by school students is one of the questions actively discussed in recent years. There is a particular concern about the entry of children into informal groups, sometimes of terrorist orientation, children's dependence on on-line-games, the treatment of the children to the sites, the content of which causes harm to physical and psychological health of children. Governments around the world have taken measures to ensure the safety of young Internet users at the legislative, technological and educational levels. In particular, the «Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation» was approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2016. This document determined the development and introduction of information security issues in the educational process at all levels of education as one of the organizational measures to ensure information security. The practice of teaching schoolchildren to safe behavior on the Internet is developing as part of the implementation of this Doctrine in the Russian Federation at the present time. The purpose of this article is to identify the most effective practices of teaching schoolchildren to safe behavior on the Internet and to give guidelines for their improvement. Methods of research: A method of the research can be described as follows. We used a comparative and critical analysis of existing practices of teaching schoolchildren to safe behavior in the Internet in Russia. We used the method of creating a conceptual model of simulators which provide the formation of practical skills of safe behavior on the Internet in accordance with typical threats. Results: On the basis of a comparative analysis of the existing practices of teaching schoolchildren to safe behavior on the Internet, it is revealed that the students receive sufficient knowledge of existing threats, they are offered instructions on behavior on the Internet, but at present there are practically no tools that form strong skills for students to follow these instructions. We have developed a theoretical model of educational simulation game for schoolchildren of 11-12 years, which allows to eliminate this lack of educational practice. Conclusions: The theoretical model described in the article is in the stage of program realization. We believe that the systematic use of this and similar tools in the school computer science course will achieve the level of computer literacy, which will provide students with protection from the undesirable impact of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The SES status belongs to the most important health determinants in developed countries. Individual susceptibility for acute respiratory diseases is influenced by many factors: age, nutrition, presence of disease, genetic determination, global health status. Children are a focus points in the health protection considering possibilities of early organs and functions impairment. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study of respiratory health included parents questionnaires collected data about socio-economic status and reported respiratory morbidity and symptoms in their children (2013 - 2015). Data were received from 258 children 6 - 10 years old. Parents reported upper and lower respiratory infection in the child in last 12 months. Results. Results confirmed impact of SES on the incidence of acute upper respiratory infection (UARI) in children and incidence of lower respiratory infection (LARI). LARI were statistically more frequent in families with lower education, local heating system, in children with respiratory allergy and in children where parents reported own allergy. UARI respiratory infection were influenced by mother's education, allergy in children and parents. ETS - environmental tobacco smoke - wasn't confirmed as statistically important factor neither for upper respiratory diseases nor for lower respiratory acute diseases. ETS exposure might be influenced by domestic habits where indoor smoking is mostly refused by families. Conclusion. We confirmed impact on SES on higher incidence of respiratory diseases (upper airways respiratory diseases and lower airways respiratory diseases) in schoolchildren, but the study didn't confirm the effect of parent's smoking on the incidence of respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Refugee children have an increased risk of physical and psychological illness. Data on behavioral and emotional problems among Jordanian and Syrian refugee children in noncamp settings are scarce. Objective: This study aimed to assess the behavioral and emotional problems among Syrian school children refugees living outside camps in Jordan and their Jordanian counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian and Jordanian school children, aged 12-17 years, studying in the same schools in 4 Jordanian cities with the highest density of Syrian refugees. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information about the sociodemographic characteristics of the children. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure behavioral and emotional problems among these children. Results: This study included a total of 1878 Jordanian adolescents (45.6% male and 54.4% female) and 1773 Syrian refugee adolescents (43.9% male and 56.1% female). The parents of the Syrian adolescents were significantly less educated and had significantly lower total family income than Jordanian parents. More than half of the Jordanian and Syrian adolescents had peer relation problems (53.6% and 55.5%, respectively), 36.9% of Jordanian and 35.5% of Syrian adolescents had hyperactivity or inattention problems, 44.8% of Jordanian and 47.6% of Syrian adolescents had conduct problems, and 30.8% of Jordanian and 32.0% of Syrian adolescents had emotional symptoms. On the other hand, 43.0% of Jordanian and 42.5% of Syrian adolescents had prosocial behaviors. In the multivariate analysis, Jordanian and Syrian children differed significantly in emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems. Compared with Jordanian children, Syrian children were less likely to experience emotional problems (odds ratio 0.81; P=.04) and peer relationship problems (odd ratio 0.80; P=.03). Conclusions: Emotional and behavioral problems are common among Syrian refugee schoolchildren as well as Jordanian school children. They are all in need of urgent psychosocial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air pollution belongs to the most important environmental threat to human health. Particularly sensitive are children, elderly people and patients with chronic conditions. Individual susceptibility is influenced by many factors: age, nutrition, presence of disease, genetic determination, global health status. Children are a focus points in the health protection considering possibilities of early organs and functions impairment. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study of respiratory health included measurements of pulmonary function (1994 -2000). Parents questionnaires collected data about socio-economic status and reported respiratory morbidity and symptoms in children. Data were received from 8 exposed and 1 control area in eastern Slovakia, included totally 1805 filled questionnaires from parents of children 6 - 11 years old. Pulmonary functions were evaluated in 1337 children from exposed areas and 193 children from control area. Results confirmed impact of SES on the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children and incidence of lower respiratory infection (LRI). ARI were statistically more frequent in families with lower education, local heating system, in children with respiratory allergy and in children living in higher outdoor air pollution score - AP. Lower respiratory infection were influenced by air pollution score, parents education, allergy in children and parents. ETS - environmental tobacco smoke - wasn't confirmed as statistically important factor neither for respiratory symptoms nor for lower pulmonary function. ETS exposure might be influenced by domestic habits where indoor smoking indoor is mostly refused by families. We confirmed impact on SES on higher incidence of respiratory diseases (upper airways respiratory diseases and lower airways respiratory diseases) in schoolchildren, but the study didn't confirm the effect of parent's smoking on the incidence of respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching methods used in oral health education have an important impact on changing children's attitudes and behaviors. This study took place in 2009, in the School No. 135 „Ştefan cel Mare”, placed in Ferentari neighborhood. Method. Participants included 194 children from the second and third grade, 55% boys and 45% girls. We used a 16-questions questionnaire measuring their attitudes and oral health behaviors. The teaching process was based on persuasive communication using audio-visual channels. Results show a change in pupils' behavior, the percent of children that brush their teeth after every meal increased, and the frequency of meals decreased. The attitude toward dental esthetics and intelligence, kindness, age and socio-economic status has changed, the number of the children that are victims of stereotypes decreased. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that using modern, audiovisual channels for sending the message has a significant impact on children. Adjusting the content and the presentation of the message to the age, cognitive development and interests of our target group will lead to important changes in their attitudes toward illness, treatments and dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]