Search

The Pacific Ocean witnesses frequent cyclonic activity. The destructive impact of these storms, including strong winds, heavy rain, and storm surge, causes flooding, landslides, and extensive damage. Understanding cyclone genesis and evolution is crucial for accurate forecasts and minimizing harm. Towards this direction, an alternative ensemble forecasting approach based on a stochastic parameter perturbation (SPP) scheme, applied in potential vorticity (PV) anomalies, was developed. Testing it on Typhoon Usagi demonstrated its effectiveness in introducing uncertainties to storm tracks and cyclone development. These findings highlight the potential of stochastic methods in regional forecasting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Indonesia is a maritime continent country that lies between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the interaction between ocean and atmosphere plays an important role in the formation of weather and climate phenomena. A good understanding of ocean-atmosphere parameters on the scale of intra-seasonal is needed accordingly to the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) program on Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Project. This study will discuss the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), meridional wind and precipitation to identify the strength of the relationship, to analyze the variations and to obtain cycle/periodicity in the maximum periods of one hundred days. Those data were from NOAA and TRMM satellites for the years of 2002-2015, processed and analyzed using correlation, spatially and temporally. Data were transformed using Fast Fourier Transform and spectral analysis which performed using periodogram of Power Spectral Density. The result showed that the Flores Sea, Banda Sea and Arafura Sea have the strongest relationship on the precipitation with SST and meridional wind. These waters also have the lowest value on the SST and rainfall, and relatively more predictable due to small different from the value of day n-1. Compared to Australian Monsoon, Halmahera Sea has a higher rainfall because it is more influenced by the flow of warm sea currents from warm pool in the north Papua. Meridional wind in the waters of western Indonesia is influenced by the Madden Julian Oscillation. The periodicity strength of SST, meridional wind and rainfall in western and eastern Indonesia waters are not always comparable because there is a time lag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long drought episode over Indonesia area last 1997 as the impact of the long warming episode over the equatorial Pacific Ocean of the so-called El Nino phenomenon, it might encourage the wildfires and transboundary haze pollution over large areas most Indonesia and its adjoining areas especially some parts in South Asia region. Experiencing with several occurrences (last dry seasons at consecutive years of 1991 and 1994), it might give enough condition such that monitoring of the atmospheric condition and environment as the first important subject. The second subject should be the management of the environment in the proper way. The social character of the people over the respective burning area and the meteorological condition during the dry season are the second subjects to be considered. Coordinating for disseminating of the climate prediction information as the early warning option will be suggested for the management and control of these occurrences for the first action. Then public should expand the information for further consideration. The purpose of this paper is to assess the atmospheric condition whose support the expansion wildfires then followed by the Haze/Smoke in Indonesia in the first occurrence in the past of 1990 - 2000. Where during this period especially the year 1997 Indonesia had occurred national disaster of wildfires and it was followed by the transboundary Pollution Haze/Smoke over adjoining countries over Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground pipelines are built all over the world and the knowledge of their thermal interaction with the soil is crucial for their design. This paper studies the "thermal influenced zone" produced by a buried pipeline and the parameters that can influence its extension by 2D-steady state CFD simulations with the aim to improve the design of new pipelines in permafrost. In order to represent a real case, the study is referred to the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean Oil Pipeline at the three stations of Mo'he, Jiagedaqi and Qiqi'har. Different burial depth sand diameters of the pipe are analyzed; the simulation results show that the effect of the oil pipeline diameter on the thermal field increases with the increase of the distance from the starting station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coupled ocean-atmosphere mode, namely the El Niño event, took place in the tropical Pacific during 2015 - 2016. The event developed in spring (April - May 2015), peaked in late fall to early winter (November - December 2015) and terminated in spring (April - May 2016). The intensity of the event, indicated by the Niño3.4 index, is classified as a strong event. Compare to the previous events, the 2015/2016 El Niño event is one of the strongest event during the last two decades. This study examined the evolution of the event and highlighted some of the important aspects of its influence on the Indonesian climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil spill occurred on January 15, 2022, on the Peruvian coast in the district of Ventanilla. REPSOL, the company responsible, said it harmed around 1000 species of fish, more than 1018 mollusks and crustaceans, and nearly 500 species of marine algae, invertebrates, birds, and mammals, causing monetary losses in the fishing sector, both in small and medium-sized industries as well as large ones. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of the oil spill on the biological diversity present on the affected beaches. The method that we will use is quantitative since it collects information, and since the results can be measured in numbers, the research design is non-experimental in the sense that the variables are not manipulated to have any effect. We will use the instrument of a pollster to collect the information of the people who live nearby. Finally, it is clear from the results that most of the population blames REPSOL and the Peruvian State for the oil spill. They believe that this ecological disaster will have very serious consequences for the environment, causing the extinction of some marine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unique feature of Indonesian archipelago in addition to its location that settled between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean has made Indonesian seas as important parts of the world ocean system. In contrast, research on Indonesian seas including its marine geochemistry is scarce. Research findings have proven that Indonesian seas and its characteristics, such as Indonesian throughflow, are important in the seawater thermohaline circulation that affect world's global climate. The transports of mass and heat from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean are crucial for the oceanic circulation and sea surface temperatures. It is only until recently known that water masses movement could be traced using chemical elements such as Zr and Hf. In modern ocean, sources of these chemicals are mostly from continents. Chemicals had been brought to the oceans through river, estuary, coastal and eventually open seawater. We have analyzed selected important trace metals of Bengkulu river and estuary starting from upper stream of Bengkulu River to coastal seawater of the Indian Ocean. Concentrations of trace metals in the sample were determined by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Dissolved and labile particulate concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, V, Sr and Zn are reported in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data assimilation technique was applied into 2-dimensional vertical temperature transport model to improve temperature results especially at thermocline layer that have large change toward depth. The simple case experiment only applies on baroclinic condition in Tropical Pacific Ocean (2°N and 137°E - 140°W). Model simulation was running for 2 years from January 1st 2011 to December 31st 2012 from surface to 500 m depth and verified to observation data from TAO (Tropical Atmosphere Ocean) at 3 locations, 147°E, 165°E, and 170°W. Data assimilation procedure which applied at 3 locations (156°E, 180°W, and 155°W) using Cressman analysis technique can reduce model's RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) toward depth until 55,7% and toward time until 64,5%. The largest error of model was found at 200 m depth, while the smallest found at the surface and 500 m depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 80% of international trade is carried out through the sea, hence maritime trade being, by far, the most widely used mode of transport. One important actor in this activity is the Panama Canal, where approximately 5% of all world cargo passes every year. Accordingly, because of their strategic situation (i.e. bridging Pacific and Atlantic oceans), other Central American countries have launched interoceanic projects that can help to move goods from one ocean to another. E.g. Honduras has ports in both oceans (Puerto Cortés and San Lorenzo, in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, respectively), which are connected through a highway called Honduras Dry Channel. The transit time between both ports is approximately 7 hours, faster compared to the transit time in the Panama Canal, which for the year 2016 was 11.79 hours (and with a total average time of 32.68 hours including waiting in water).This paper describes the conceptionof an evolutionary-collaborative approach for interoceanic maritime transport in Central America be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 30 surface water samples were collected at 2 sites on the east side of the East China Sea (ECS) during 2008-2010, and 226Ra, 228Ra, and 228Th activities were measured using low-background γ-spectrometry. The 228Ra/226Ra and 228Th/228Ra activity ratios of the samples exhibited notable seasonal variations (228Ra/226Ra = 0.2-3.3; 228Th/228Ra = < 0.1-0.4) accompanying salinity changes (31.0-34.6). These changes are hypothesized to cause the change by altering the mixing ratio of 228Ra-rich and particle-rich continental shelf water within the ECS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work the GIS technologies is used for the analysis of oceanographic conditions and the estimation of the fishing situation on an example of the catching the saira in the North-West area of the Pacific Ocean. The vector GIS ArcGIS and raster GIS IDRISI was used. The analysis were based on the satellite information about the fields of the sea surface temperatures received from satellite NOAA, the altimetric sea level data obtained from satellites Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1/2 and the satellite images of the ocean color data from SeaWiFS. The application of the overlay algorithm with using various combinations of layers in the GIS had allowed to reveal the formation of the raised fishery efficiency zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial distributions of water-soluble, sea-salt and dust aerosols over the Tropical Pacific Ocean were analyzed from shipborne, dual-wavelength polarization Mie-scattering lidar measurements. The shipborne measurements by the R/V MIRAI were conducted over the Tropical Pacific Ocean in 2001, 2004, and 2006. We used an algorithm to retrieve the extinction coefficients for water-soluble, sea-salt and dust particles from the three-channel lidar data, i.e., the return signals at wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm and the depolarization ratio at a wavelength of 532 nm. The results revealed that the water-soluble and sea-salt particles existed in the planetary boundary layer formed below about 1.5 km for all the observation periods. Dust particles were scarcely present for any observation periods. The optical thicknesses of water-soluble particles were relatively large over the Pacific Ocean between Japan and New Guinea and in the eastern Indian Ocean, indicating transport of pollutants from the land. Furthermore we evaluated the global aerosol transport model SPRTNTARS using the retrieved aerosol extinction coefficients and the observed lidar signals at wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm for the 2001 observation period. We found rough agreement for the general pattern of the three aerosol components. However, the model underestimated the extinction coefficients for water-soluble particles by about 75% (0.03 km-1 in extinction coefficient) on average for the observation period. In contrast, the model overestimated the extinction coefficients for sea-salt by about 200% on average for the observation period. However, the difference in the extinction coefficient itself for sea-salt is small, about 0.01 km-1. The lidar signals simulated from the model outputs for aerosol and clouds revealed underestimations of 37% (50%) at a wavelength of 532 nm (1064 nm) on average for the observation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]