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A junior team and a masters team of precision skaters in Canada were coached under two conditions. In one condition the coach used a monologue and the skaters were not permitted to ask questions or otherwise interact with the coach. In the other condition the coach interacted in a dialogue with team members. Both teams had significantly higher morale and were significantly more productive in the dialogue condition than in the monologue condition. Also, both teams behaved significantly more unproductively when the leader used a monologue than when she used a dialogue. A democratic style of coaching which engages members of a skating team in a dialogue is likely to be better for both morale and productivity than an autocratic style which directs the team by employing a monologue. (Two tables are included; 16 references are attached.) (Author/SG)

The acquisition of the metalinguistic abilities involved in ambiguity detection and resolution was studied with children. It is suggested that metalinguistic abilities may serve as potential test measures for facility in learning a second language. School children (ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13) were tested for their ability to detect ambiguous sentences and their ability to provide multiple interpretations for common ambiguity types in the areas of lexicon and syntax. An extensive review of the literature and a pilot study on the development of metalinguistic ability of children are presented. In the pilot study, each child was asked to give two meanings of ambiguous sentences. An equal number of sentences were lexically ambiguous, ambiguous at the surface level, and ambiguous at the underlying level. Results with the 5 year olds show that they were not perceiving two meanings of the ambiguous sentences. A steady increase with age in the perception of two meanings was demonstrated. At each age level, the lexically ambiguous sentences were generally easier than the structually ambiguous ones. The 13 year olds perceived two meanings for almost all of the lexically ambiguous sentences and about half of the structurally ambiguous sentences. The current findings and those of previous research suggest that metalinguistic ability to detect ambiguity is not completely developed by the age of 13. It is suggested that a relationship may exist between the abilities to detect ambiguity and to acquire a second language. (SW)

The establishment of open admissions policies at institutions of professional/graduate education in recent years has led to the creation of a heterogeneous student clientele, many of whom are deficient in the reading and study skills necessary for academic success. This paper considers the teaching of reading to professional/graduate students. It discusses issues and research findings related to the academic potential of students admitted to professional/graduate schools, the goals and major features of a professional/graduate school setting, and the reading processes that a mature reader must use to gain meaning from professional/technical materials. The paper then suggests a model for a reading/study skills program for professional/graduate school students. (GW)

At precisely the same time that gay and lesbian activists were securing marriage rights for same-sex couples nationwide, courts and "tough on crime" state legislatures were devising new ways to regulate sex. Despite recent estimates that over 750,000 Americans are registered sex offenders, few sexuality scholars have examined the growth of punitive policies regulating sex offenders. In this article, I draw on a unique set of data describing the population of sex offenders in the United States to analyze: 1) whether recent trends in sex offender registration mirror those of corrections more generally; and, 2) whether racial minorities are disproportionately impacted by these policies. Findings reveal that sex offender registries grew dramatically between 2005 and 2013; that this growth is out of step with concurrent trends in corrections; and that black communities are disproportionately impacted. I conclude by considering whether these data reveal a new mode of "governing through crime" specifically targeting sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced new HIV funding priorities in 2003, many in HIV prevention were upset to find that behavioral interventions targeting HIV-negative individuals were entirely absent. This announcement reflected larger concerns in the field that condom promotion interventions were failing and, as such, new strategies were necessary in order to mitigate the number of new infections. This paper analyzes trends in HIV prevention discourses over the last decade to consider the ways in which HIV-positive individuals have been responsibilized under the rubrics of "positive prevention" and "treatment as prevention." As I argue, understanding these efforts sociologically as a form of social control can reveal the unintended effects these campaigns may have within and outside the realm of public health, particularly for efforts to criminally punish HIV-positive individuals who do not disclosure their status to partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociological approaches to understanding the social control of illness have tended to focus on medicalization or the transformation of "badness to sickness." Much less is known about how legal institutions come to frame disease as a criminal matter. Laws in 32 U.S. states currently make it a crime for HIV-positive individuals to have sex without first disclosing their status. Based on a systematic analysis of 30 felony HIV disclosure trial court cases in Michigan between 1992 and 2010, this paper argues that HIV disclosure laws operate as a form of social control in two ways. First, the overrepresentation of black men in the sample suggests that the law is disproportionately used to punish and control marginalized individuals. Second, while HIV has been transformed since powerful new treatments were introduced in 1995 from a terminal illness into a chronic, manageable disease, legal actors continue to justify their legal intervention in HIV disclosure cases by discursively framing HIV as a death sentence and those who do not disclose as a homicidal despite the fact that less than 10% of defendants are actually accused of transmitting the virus. These findings suggest HIV disclosure laws and their enforcement should be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health scholarship on same-sex male sexualities has tended to focus on the acultural category of "men who have sex with men," and their agentic abilities (or lack thereof) to make rational decisions to prevent HIV transmission. This has impeded investigations into how social-structural factors may shape these decision-making processes. This paper explores the meanings gay male participants attributed to their identity as "bottom," a signification generally thought to express a preference for receptive anal intercourse. However, in this paper I argue that participant's conception of this "positional identity" category reflect a much more complicated understanding of their bottom identity. Based on focus group and interview data with 18 HIV-negative self-identified gay male bottoms living in San Francisco, this paper explores two dominant "sexual scripts" attributed to bottoms: first, that bottoms are men who desire to produce pleasure for their partners; and second, that bottoms are men who desire to submit sexually to their partners. Implicit in their narratives was an understanding of power and pleasure that was circuitous, in that they were described (to varying degrees) as flowing back and forth between bottoms and their partners. I argue that these two, often overlapping scripts structure the way that participants interpreted their sexual practices and desires. I conclude with a discussion concerning a minority of participants for whom these pleasure/power scripts for bottoms conflicted directly with public health scripts concerning safer sex behavior -- what I term "pleasure/risk dilemmas." ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the psychological effects of avatars in task-oriented net-based interactions. In a comparative cross-media approach the study focuses on the question how the use of avatars can enhance social presence and interpersonal trust in net-based dyadic collaborations. Special attention is paid to measurements that combine subjective verbal reports and objective behavioral data. For the purpose of this study a special avatar platform (virtual communication environment, VCE) is combined with a shared collaborative workspace (“Cool Modes”). This setting enables an experimental variation of real time communication modes during net-based collaborations. The experimental conditions were: text chat, voice over IP (audio), web-cam conference (audio-video) and avatar-conference (audio and avatar) using two types of avatars (low fidelity: cartoon like androgynous figure; high fidelity: textured male or female character). Results yield a significant difference between text and all other communication modes, while there was no difference between audio, video and avatar systems in terms of social presence and interpersonal trust. Analyses of nonverbal behavior and visual attention revealed no significant differences between video and avatar conferencing modes. The data raise critical questions about the added value of avatar systems and the specific requirements those systems have to meet to prove superior to mere audio/video transmissions. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative modelling tools can support rich activities in the classroom, including both small group work and plenary activities. They can also support the processing and analyses of material gained from observations outside the classroom. This is demonstrated with an application in the area of astronomy, namely for "lunar cartography". The implementation is based on the collaborative modelling platform Cool Modes. A first trial in school is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning about probability is a challenge for students in math lessons because it requires both new concepts and new approaches, namely experimentation and modelling. To support this kind of mathematical experience in the classroom we have developed learning activities that engage students in computational modelling using simulation tools. Our collaborative modelling environment offers a toolbox to set up and simulate diverse experiments as e.g. throwing dice or drawing balls, playing lottery games, and to facilitate validation. We see its potential to expand traditional math instruction assisting students to develop a sustainable conceptual basis of probability principles offering them a higher degree of responsibility of their learning. This is confirmed by our evaluation of experiences made in a German secondary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a historical analysis of the impact of the US Manhattan Project from 1942 to 1945 and the subsequent nuclear test program 1945-1970 towards the development of the field of Nuclear Astrophysics and the interpretation of nuclear reaction processes in stars and explosive stellar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesolar graphite grains exhibit a range of densities (1.65 - 2.20 g/cm3). We investigated abundances of presolar graphite grains formed in supernovae and in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the four density fractions KE3, KFA1, KFB1 and KFC1 extracted from the Murchison meteorite to probe dust productions in these stellar sources. Seventy-six and 50 % of the grains in the low-density fractions KE3 and KFA1, respectively, are supernova grains, while only 7.2 % and 0.9 % of the grains in the high-density fractions KFB1 and KFC1 have a supernova origin. Grains of AGB star origin are concentrated in the high-density fractions KFB1 and KFC1. From the C isotopic distributions of these fractions and the presence of s-process Kr with 86Kr/82Kr = 4.43 ± 0.46 in KFC1, we estimate that 76 % and 80 % of the grains in KFB1 and KFC1, respectively, formed in AGB stars. From the abundance of graphite grains in the Murchison meteorite, 0.88 ppm, the abundances of graphite from supernovae and AGB stars are 0.24 ppm and 0.44 ppm, respectively: the abundances of graphite in supernovae and AGB stars are comparable. In contrast, it has been known that 1 % of SiC grains formed in supernovae and 95 % formed in AGB stars in meteorites. Since the abundance of SiC grains is 5.85 ppm in the Murchison meteorite, the abundances of SiC from supernovae and AGB stars are 0.063 ppm and 5.6 ppm, respectively: the dominant source of SiC grains is AGB stars. Since SiC grains are harder and likely to survive better in space than graphite grains, the abundance of supernova graphite grains, which is higher than that of supernova SiC grains, indicates that supernovae proficiently produce graphite grains. Graphite grains from AGB stars are, in contrast, less abundant that SiC grains from AGB stars (0.44 ppm vs. 5.6 ppm). It is difficult to derive firm conclusions for graphite and SiC formation in AGB stars due to the difference in susceptibility to grain destruction. Metallicity of the parent AGB stars of graphite grains is much lower than that of SiC grains and the difference in metallicity might also have affected to the difference in the abundances in the Murchison meteorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, working both on and off of the farm is becoming increasingly important. In 2007, in 67 percent of U.S. farming households either the operator or the spouse engaged in offfarm employment, and in 33 percent of these households both the operator and the spouse worked off-farm (Hoppe and Banker 2010). In 2007, small family farms, those with sales of less than $250,000/year, accounted for 88 percent of U.S. farms, only 16 percent of the value of production, but they own 63 percent of the farmland controlled by farms (Hoppe and Banker 2010). We use survey and interview data to address the following question: Are their certain socio-economic characteristics of farmers and farm operations related to engagement of a household member in off-farm employment? The results suggest that if a farm operation has sales of less than $100,000/year and it is smaller than 100 acres, or the farmer is younger, more educated or started farming more recently, the chances that they have a household member working off-farm are greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive meteorites, interplanetary dust particles, and matter from comet Wild 2 returned to Earth by NASA’s Stardust mission contain small quantities of refractory dust grains with highly anomalous isotopic compositions. These grains represent a sample of stardust that can be analyzed in the laboratory for isotopic and chemical composition and mineralogy. Among the identified stardust minerals are silicon carbide, graphite, silicon nitride, oxides, and silicates. Most of these grains apparently formed in the winds of low- and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars as indicated by CNO isotopic compositions and fingerprints of s-process nucleosynthesis. Some grains are likely to be from Type II supernovae, as indicated by specific isotopic signatures in C, N, O, and Si, and high abundances of radiogenic 26Mg, 41K, 44Ca, and 49Ti from the decay of radioactive 26Al, 41Ca, 44Ti, and 49V. Rare a grains from novae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element (FE) simulations can be used both in the early product development phase to evaluate the performance of developed components as well as in later stages to verify the reliability of functions and components that would otherwise require a large number of physical prototype tests. This requires calibrated material cards that are capable of realistically representing the specific material behavior. The necessary material parameter identification process is usually time-consuming and resource-intensive, which is why the direct inverse method based on machine learning has recently become increasingly popular. Within the neural network (NN) the generated domain knowledge can be stored and retrieved within milliseconds, which is why this method is time and resource-efficient. This research paper describes advantages and potentials of the direct inverse method in the context of the product development process (PDP). Additionally, arising transformation opportunities of the PDP are discussed and an application scenario of the method is presented followed by possible linkage potentials with existing development methods such as shape optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are responsible for the production of the main component of the solar s-process distribution. Despite enormous progress in the theoretical modeling of these objects over the last few decades, many uncertainties remain. The still-unknown mechanism leading to the production of 13C neutron source is one example. The nucleosynthetic signature of AGB stars can be examined in a number of stellar sources, from spectroscopic observations of intrinsic and extrinsic stars to the heavy-element isotopic composition of presolar grains found in meteorites. The wealth of available observational data allows for constraining the processes occurring in AGB interiors. In this view, we discuss recent results from new AGB models including the effects of mixing triggered by magnetic fields, and show comparisons of the related s-process nucleosynthesis with available observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the state of Michigan, people infected with HIV are required by law to disclose their HIV-positive status to their sexual partners. Failure to do so is a felony and subject to prosecution, sentencing for which varies widely but has included jail time. Local public health officials in the state often facilitate the enforcement of the law by identifying HIV-positive people suspected of non-disclosure. In this paper based on interviews with local health officials responsible for managing what they term "health threat to others" cases," I argue that the enforcement of the HIV disclosure law by health officials sits at the intersection of two mechanisms for identifying offenders. The first "community level" mechanism is characterized by gossip cultures that result in community members informing health officials of their neighbors' activities and suspected HIV non-disclosure practices. The second "public health" mechanism involves health officials' actively cross-referencing two sources of data intended for epidemiological surveillance: The state's "Mandated Names Reporting" database (which includes the name of everyone in the state who is HIV-positive) and "Partner Services" referrals (which includes the names of individuals that newly diagnosed individuals report to the state as previous sexual partners). Those reported as partners by newly diagnosed individuals who are also known to the state as being HIV-positive are in some counties investigated for potential non-disclosure. By evidencing the use of epidemiological surveillance technologies for law enforcement purposes, this paper suggests that debates over the use of and access to health data should be revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent experimental developments towards obtaining a very precise value of the third neutrino mixing angle, θ13, are summarized. Various implications of the measured value of this angle are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive meteorites contain rare and tiny grains of presolar stardust with isotopic compositions indicating condensation in the winds or explosions of ancient stars. This paper reviews the isotopic characteristics of the subsets of grains believed to have formed in supernovae or novae and some implications for nuclear astrophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the discovery of presolar grains, a wealth of information on nucleosyntehsis in stars mixing in stellar ejecta has been accumulated from studies of these grains. The progress in the studies of presolar grains has been made by developments of new techniques and new types of instruments. We will review the advances that brought about these progresses and consider future directions of the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ν-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae is a sensitive probe of unknown neutrino mass hierarchy through the MSW effect. We carefully studied the uncertainties of almost one hundred ν-induced and nuclear reactions associated with the nucleosynthesis and found that the ν-16O and 11C(α,p)14N reactions among them have the biggest effect on the final 7Li/11B isotopic abundance ratio. The neutrino mass hierarchy is constrained in our nucleosynthetic method with measured 7Li/11B value in SiC-X presolar grains. The inverted hierarchy is statistically more favored at the 2-σ C.L. [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written that suggests the structure of cotton farms is changing (Morehart et. al., Christensen, and Hoppe et. al.). The direction of the change has been toward larger and more efficient farms. The 1997 Census of Agriculture revealed 1700 cotton producers in Mississippi, 72 percent of which were located in the MS Delta. Overall characteristics of Mississippi farms as reported in the 1997 Census were 65 percent full ownership of farm land, 96% family/partner ownership of the farming operation, 3% corporate ownership, 6.8% of the farms contained 1000 acres or more. Planted acres of cotton in Mississippi Agricultural Statistics Service (MASS) districts 10 and 40 totaled 525,000 acres in 1997. The future of cotton production in the MS Delta depends on how farm structure adjusts as government policies, market prices and production costs change. In order to capture all the effects of policy, price and cost changes, a current description of MS Delta cotton farm structure is needed. A mail survey was conducted in the spring of 2002 of cotton producers in the MS Delta. A mailing list was obtained from county agricultural agents consisting of cotton producers in their respective counties. The counties included were Bolivar, Coahoma, Humphreys, Issaquena, Leflore, Quitman, Sharkey, Sunflower, Tunica, and Washington. These are often referred to as the ten all "Delta" counties and correspond to MASS reporting districts 10 and 40. The purpose of the survey was to solicit information regarding the structure of MS Delta cotton farms. Based on the information the respondents provided, cotton farm structure in the MS Delta appears to be changing. The trend is toward larger equipment, more acres per farm and more acres per piece of equipment. These larger farms utilize less labor that in the past, due possibly to larger equipment. Respondents to the survey appear to be younger than the general farm population. The most common farm sizes appear to be farms of 501-2500 acres followed by farms ranging from 2501-4500 acres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been recently suggested that hydrogen ingestion into the helium shell of massive stars could lead to high 13C and 15N excesses when the blast of a core collapse supernova (ccSN) passes through its helium shell. This prediction questions the origin of extremely high 13C and 15N abundances observed in rare presolar SiC grains which is usually attributed to classical novae. In this context the 13N(α,p)16O reaction plays an important role since it is in competition with 13N β+-decay to 13C. As a first step to the determination of the 13N(α,p)16O reaction rate, we present a study aiming at the determination of alpha spectroscopic factors of 17O states which are the analog ones to those in 17F, the compound nucleus of the 13N(α,p)16O reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the data obtained through physical experiments of reinforced concrete destruction by electric discharges as well as the results of computer simulation of the impulse action on reinforced concrete from an expanding discharge channel. It is found that concrete starts being destroyed under the pulse electrical discharge loading at the energy of 1 kJ after 2nd or 3rd pulse. The specific energy consumption of the destruction process makes less than 0.7 kJ/cm³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phased splitting off from the monolith concrete block via electro-blasting method have been described. The results of experiments using the high-current pulse generator with operating voltage up to 15 kV and maximum stored energy of 126 kJ with initiation of the discharge in two boreholes were presented. The step by step electro-blast were produced simultaneous within boreholes drilled in the cast in the ground concrete monolith. Each subsequent electroblast was performed in the boreholes pair situated farther from the free surface. Boreholes in each pair were drilled at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other, and of 25 cm apart from line of previous pair. It is shown that the electro-blasts leads to formation of main cracks at the predefined direction via boreholes line as well as main cracks lead to creation of a new free surface that help to form the desirable wave interference at the next step of the electro-blast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

22Na is an important isotope for the study of extinct radioactivity, meanwhile its sufficiently long half life provides the possibility to observe live 22Na in nearby nova explosions. The 22Na(p,γ)23Mg is one of the key reactions that influence the 22Na abundance in nova ejecta. To study the proton resonant states in 23Mg relevant to the astrophysical 22Na(p,γ)23Mg reaction rates, two measurements have been carried out at the CRIB separator of University of Tokyo, and the RIBLL secondary beamline in Lanzhou, respectively. The 22Na secondary beam was produced via the ¹H(22Ne, 22Na)n charge exchange reaction. Thick-target inverse-kinematics method is applied to obtain the excitation function of 22Na+p elastic scattering. Extended gas target and solid state polyethylene foil were used in the two measurements, respectively, to map the different excitation energy region of the compound nucleus 23Mg. Several new resonant levels are observed and their contribution to the 22Na(p,γ)23Mg reaction rate is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational practitioners go through developmental changes in their approach and execution of their vocation. Teachers are generally comfortable with what they do and stick to known and familiar methods. However teachers who are characteristically early adopters and innovators break the bounds of traditional habits. The focus of the study was that e- Learning practices at school level were not fully understood by e-Learning policy makers and implementers. The problem was foregrounded by the varying levels of uptake of e-Learning from non-adoption and non-use to under-utilisation of available tools and technologies. This study was about creating an understanding of teachers' e-Learning practice through an exploration of: what are they doing, why do they do this and what enables them to do this. This paper reports on one aspect of a larger doctoral study into teachers' e-Learning practices. The analysis of the data yielded 32 interrelated findings. For this paper, only the continuums for use, adoption and practice are presented. My findings revealed that teacher' development and progress in using technology for educational purposes can be located on continuums of adoption, use and practice. The data has suggested that there is variety in the ways teachers use technology: personal; administration, teaching and learning with different intensities and at varying levels of intensity. Teachers were found to use technology for e- Teaching and e-Learning progressively and in ways that was aligned to their comfort zones. The way teachers' used technology was found to be progressive from simple to innovative. Adoption decisions were found to be influenced by personal attributes of motivation, self-efficacy and expectancy. The continuums from this study could be used to explore and evaluate current e-Learning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical nova explosions arise from thermonuclear ignition in the envelopes of accreting white dwarfs in close binary star systems. Detailed observations of novae have stimulated numerous studies in theoretical astrophysics and experimental nuclear physics. These phenomena are unusual in nuclear astrophysics because most of the thermonuclear reaction rates thought to be involved are constrained by experimental measurements. This situation allows for rather precise statements to be made about which measurements are still necessary to improve the nuclear physics input to astrophysical models. We briefly discuss desired measurements in these environments with an emphasis on recent experimental progress made to better determine key rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are the pillars of modern cosmology. It has recently been suggested that axion which is a dark matter candidate in the framework of the standard model could condensate in the early universe and induce photon cooling before the epoch of the photon last scattering. Although this may render a solution to the overproduction problem of primordial 7Li abundance, there arises another serious difficulty of overproducing D abundance. We propose a hybrid dark matter model with both axions and relic supersymmetric (SUSY) particles to solve both overproduction problems of the primordial D and 7Li abundances simultaneously. The BBN also serves to constrain the nature of neutrinos. Considering non-thermal photons produced in the decay of the heavy sterile neutrinos due to the magnetic moment, we explore the cosmological constraint on the strength of neutrino magnetic moment consistent with the observed light element abundances. Core-collapse supernovae eject huge flux of energetic neutrinos which affect explosive nucleosynthesis of rare isotopes like 7Li, 11B, 92Nb, 138La and 180Ta and r-process elements. Several isotopes depend strongly on the neutrino flavor oscillation due to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. Combining the recent experimental constraints on θ13 with predicted and observed supernova-produced abundance ratio 11B/7Li encapsulated in the presolar grains from the Murchison meteorite, we show a marginal preference for an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We also discuss supernova relic neutrinos (SRN) that may indicate the softness of the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter and adiabatic conditions of the neutrino oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-collapse supernovae eject huge amount of flux of energetic neutrinos. We studied the explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae and found that several isotopes 7Li, 11B, 92Nb, 138La and 180Ta as well as r-process nuclei are affected by the neutrino interactions. The abundance of these isotopes therefore depends strongly on the neutrino flavor oscillation due to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. We discuss first how to determine the neutrino temperatures in order to explain the observed solar system abundances of these isotopes, combined with Galactic chemical evolution of the light nuclei and the heavy r-process elements. We then study the effects of neutrino oscillation on their abundances, and propose a novel method to determine the still unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, mass hierarchy and θ13, simultaneously. There is recent evidence that SiC X grains from the Murchison meteorite may contain supernova-produced light elements 11B and 7Li encapsulated in the presolar grains. Combining the recent experimental constraints on θ13, we show that our method suggests at a marginal preference for an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. Finally, we discuss supernova relic neutrinos that may indicate the softness of the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter as well as adiabatic conditions of the neutrino oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-collapse supernovae eject huge amount of flux of energetic neutrinos which affect explosive nucleosynthesis of rare isotopes like 7Li, 11B, 92Nb, 138La and 180Ta and r-process elements. Several isotopes depend strongly on the neutrino flavor oscillation due to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. We here discuss how to determine the neutrino temperatures and propose a method to determine still unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, mass hierarchy and ?13, simultaneously. Combining the recent experimental constraints on ?13 with isotopic ratios of the light elements discovered in presolar grains from the Murchison meteorite, we show that our method suggests at a marginal preference for an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We also discuss supernova relic neutrinos that may indicate the softness of the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter as well as adiabatic conditions of the neutrino oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiC mainstream grains are presolar grains believed to form in the envelopes of carbon rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with masses between 1.5 and 3 solar masses. These grains represent a conundrum as the 29Si and 30Si abundances indicate that they formed in stars of super-solar metallicity, before the solar system formed. To shed light on this problem, we use silicon isotopic abundances to derive an age-metallicity relation for the stars believed to have produced the SiC mainstream grains. For 2732 mainstream SiC grains listed in the Presolar Grain Database, we use the 29Si abundances with the latest galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models to derive [Fe/H], and 30Si abundances along with the models of Zinner et al. (2006) to determine an approximate birth age for the parent AGB star. Comparing our age-metallicity relation with observational relationships derived for nearby stars, we find that the spread of [Fe/H] is in agreement, but the mean [Fe/H] in our relation is higher by 0.2 dex. We propose that this difference is because stars with higher [Fe/H] produce more dust and thus are over-represented in our age metallicity diagram, a finding consistent with previous published works. This result offers a solution for the long-standing problem of silicon in stardust SiC grains, confirms the necessity of coupling chemistry and dynamics in simulations of the chemical evolution of our Galaxy, and constrains the modelling of dust condensation in stellar winds as a function of the metallicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven papers making up Track III of the 1989 conference of the Professional Association for the Management of Information Technology in Higher Education (known as CAUSE, an acronym of the association's former name) are presented in this document. The focus of Track III is on organization and personnel issues, and the papers include: "How to Successfully Mix Oil and Water: or How to Get Your Programmers to Work with Librarians" (James J. Scanlon); "Meeting the Challenges in Computer User Support" (Don E. Gardner and Carol S. Schwob); "Bridging the Gap: Designing an Effective User Interface" (Audrey Lindsay and David Smithers); "Office of System and Computer Services: In-House Microcomputer Repair in the College Computing Environment" (Martin Fiebke, Donald Brusk, and Donald Sanders); "Distributing Support--Departmental Computing Coordinators" (Jerry Sanders); "EGADS, we DID it! Employing Global Administrative Distribution Strategies--Data Integrity Distributed" (Jo Powell, Janet Crowder, and Lee Anne Hoppe); "The Center for Emerging Technologies in Computing, Communication, and Human Resources" (B. C. Sandhorst, J. G. Emal, J. W. King, and M. S. Wilhite). An abstract is provided with most of these papers. (DB)