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This study investigated the effects of second screen presentation mode on information processing and program liking. In an experiment, 121 participants watched a television news program. One group was assigned to a dual screen condition in which participants were required to actively look up additional information on a second screen ('look-up condition'), while a second group were assigned to a dual screen condition in which participants were directly presented with the additional information on the second screen, with no looking-up required ('presented information condition'). In a third condition, the single-screen condition, participants merely watched the news program. Results show that second screening negatively impacts factual recognition and program liking, regardless of presentation mode. While cued recall of information was lower in the second screen conditions than in the single screen condition, participants in the condition with presented information scored significantly higher on cued recall compared to the look-up condition. Analyses show the effects can be explained by the different levels of cognitive load elicited by different presentation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines distinctive relationships between five types of social media use for news (i.e., Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and WhatsApp) and political participation. It is theorized that the relationship between social media news use and political participation will be positively mediated by online political conversation. In addition, we argue that this communication mediated process will vary between social media depending on the affordances distinct social media technologies enable for online political conversation. Our analyses of national survey data show that, except for Instagram news use, social media news use is not directly related to political participation. In addition, our results indicate positive indirect relationships between Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram news use and political participation, mediated via online political conversation. Taken together, this study provides empirical evidence of the pivotal role played by online political talk in politically mobilizing social media news users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the cross-national prevalence of five news frames in quality papers' coverage of the EU Constitution. Three frames were identified in earlier studies: economic consequences, conflict, and human interest. Two additional frames were composed: power and nationalization. During the seven-month period leading up to the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon (December 2007), we analyzed 341 articles from four quality papers: Le Monde (France), De Volkskrant (The Netherlands), De Standaard (Dutch speaking community of Belgium), and Le Soir (French speaking community of Belgium). Our results show that although significant differences between newspapers were found in the amount of framing, overall they reflected a similar pattern in the adoption of the news frames. The economic consequences frame, followed by the power frame, appeared most prominently in all of the newspapers' coverage. However, the conflict and nationalization frames recurred in a significantly lesser degree. These findings indicate that the meaning behind the EU Constitution as a symbol of supra-national unity led to a shift from a domesticated, conflict oriented coverage as found in previous studies to a more unified portrayal of the EU within and between the quality papers under study. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]