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This study aims to provide data on the occurrence of T-2/HT-2 toxin in wheat grain samples grown on Kosovo fields. To investigate into the T-2 and HT-2 toxin occurrence, 30 samples of unprocessed wheat cereals were sampled from Fusha e Kosovës located in Kosova, during January/February 2023. In all samples, sum concentrations of T-2/HT-2 toxin were determined using the ELISA method, while the LC-MS/MS was used as a confirmatory method for both mycotoxins in positive samples (>LOD). The levels of T-2/HT-2 toxins found in this study in the analyzed samples of wheat grains in Kosovo were quite worrying. Yet, further studies are needed in order to identify measures to be taken during cultivation and storage to prevent T-2/HT-2 contamination of cereals. Given the explicit toxicity of T-2 and HT-2 toxin, their synergistic effects and high incidence in cereals, it is necessary to systematically monitor these mycotoxins in all stages of food and feed production, as well as to stipulate their maximum permitted amounts in different types of foodstuffs and feedstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work evaluates the thunderstorm occurrence and associated flight hazards in the southern part of Romania. This study focused on the monthly and annual occurrence, the trend of this flight hazard during the past six years. The statistical analyses employed were Simple and Multiple bar charts and correlations. It was observed from the analysis that thunderstorms occur mostly between March and October with an increasing trend of 71% for 2010 and 2014, and with a lower rate, between 10%-33% for 2011, 2012 and 2015, probably associated with the global warming. The monthly peak was registered in June, but August also became a month with a high probability of thunderstorm formation. A significant decrease with 28%-89% was also revealed for September. The study concluded that the thunderstorms occurrence in the studied area has significantly increased and it has more impact on delays than on diversions, but it is not the root cause of any incident/accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fog is a hazardous weather phenomenon, which can impact traffic (especially air traffic) and air quality. The aim of this study is to analyse fog climatology, the trends of long-term changes of fog events and factors affecting them in general, in Latvia, but especially at Riga airport. For a 50-year period of observations, the analysis of fog frequencies, long-term changes and atmospheric conditions favourable for the occurrence of fog events in Latvia has been studied. During the analysis, two inter-annual maxima of fog frequency were found in spring and autumn, and the seasonal differences in the formation of fog were also approved by the satellite data on low cloud cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently in the Republic of Kazakhstan the mining companies increase their interest toward the deposits of rare metals and rare earth elements and the increasing demand of these ores lead to expansion and establishment of the own resource base. Despite the fact that the Republic of Kazakhstan has a great potential of these types of metals, proven reserves of easily opened, the near surface deposits exhausted, and this leads to reorientation of forecasting and prospecting on the area so-called (blind) deeply under the deposit occurrence of rare metals. The priority in terms of investment is the research in the adjacent areas, or in the flanks of the known open mines and ore field. A comprehensive study of the complex factors of mineralization and its relationship with the enclosing geological environment, thermodynamic and geochemical conditions of formation of rare metal deposits in Central Kazakhstan has relevance in the development of the theory of ore formation and development of new search and predictive criteria. Based on the analysis of constructed geological and dynamic models of formation of rare metals in Central Kazakhstan the criteria showed the good occurrence of rare metals within and in the flanks of mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was the determination of occurrences and co-occurrences of Co, Ag, Al, Sr in femur head, taking into consideration their concentration in male and female femur head morphological sections. The metals were marked by the ICP (inductively coupled plasma) spectrometry method by an Optima 3000 DV (Perkin-Elmer) apparatus. The average concentration of these elements in femur head were: cobalt 0.08 µg⋅g-1, silver 0.45 µg⋅g-1, aluminium 15.36 µg⋅g-1 and strontium 21.66 µg⋅g-1. The metals concentration in specified sections of femur head is lower than that given in previous publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 2005-2006 the monitoring study conducted by Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre. The occurrence of Fusarial head blight in winter wheat was investigated in various Latvian regions under the different agricultural practices and meteorological conditions. This paper describes the distribution of Fusarium species that were isolated from samples representing several winter wheat varieties in Latvia and identified by V.Bilai (1977) methods. In 2005 in winter wheat 7 Fusarium species caused Fusarial head blight: F. culmorum, F. avenaceum var. herbarum, F. gibbosum, F. poae, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. sambucinum, F. sporotrichoides were occurred. The most frequent were: F. poae, F. culmorum, F. gibbosum, F. avenaceum var. herbarum. In 2006 in winter wheat F. poae and F. culmorum were prevailed. The efficacy of fungicides applied at the stage of full anthesis of wheat was investigated. Experimental plots (plot size 24 m2, four replicates) were artificially inoculated with suspension of conidia of four Fusarium species, that were collected in winter wheat, at the concentration of 2.5 mil. conidia/ml. Disease development, level of infected grains after harvesting and contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin were examined. There was observed that both number of grain per ear and their weight were significantly decreased by severe infection of ear with Fusarium species. Fungicides which contain tebuconazole or metconazole gave good control of Fusarial head blight that was reflected in reduction of DON contamination in grain. The concentration of DON in yield was associated with incidence of F. culmorum in harvested grain of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]