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In this study, the author introduces the history of the development of the philosophy of the school library in occupied Japan after the WW II. The cultural sense of viewing libraries as supporting reading is so strong in Japan that even when the school library philosophy was first developed with direction and guidance from American librarians during the occupation, it was maintained. It is an old and new question for Japanese that learning from world trends and our past experience, how we can balance the two pillars of the school library and have a strong theory base? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]