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Acquisition of seismic signal data requires a data acquisition (DAQ) system with high accuracy and resolution. This study focuses on developing a simultaneous seismic DAQ system with 24-bit resolution, leveraging the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for internet connectivity. The DAQ system consists of a master computer and slave node connected via the internet. The system design and architecture emphasize using a 24-bit resolution ADC to increase the accuracy of seismic data measurements. Extensive testing was conducted to assess the performance and reliability of the DAQ system for simultaneous seismic data acquisition. The test results show that the simultaneous seismic DAQ system has succeeded in producing data with a 24-bit resolution with a sampling rate of up to 3,366 samples per second. The MQTT communication protocol enables efficient data transfer over an internet connection, supporting simultaneous data acquisition. This research makes an important contribution to developing a simultaneous seismic DAQ system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system can be applied in various monitoring applications that require simultaneous acquisition of seismic data with simultaneous processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, interest in the construction aspect has increased significantly and noticeably, and special attention has been paid to improving highways flexible pavement, as the density of traffic consuming the roads has increased. Modern roads and possibilities must be found to improve the hot asphalt mixture. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of using nano-metakaoline material to improve the properties of asphalt cement material to produce flexible pavement which it used hot mixture asphalt by adopting some laboratory tests. The design optimum asphalt content is 3.7 % of mixture weight (Design of hot mixture asphalt) and aggregates quantities were selected from one of asphalt factories in Iraq for general contracting Ltd which was used in the production of hot mixture asphalt. The percentage of nano-metacholine used in this research is 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% by weight of asphalt. According to the Marshall test results for reference and modified asphalt mixture, the adding of nano-metacholine material with asphalt has significant effect only on the Marshall Stability, flow, and bulk Gm and has an unimportant influence on the Av, VMA, and VFA. Because of the design of hot mixture asphalt is unstable and not suitable for high traffic volume flexible pavement with optimum asphalt content is 3.7%. Therefore, this study recommends that increasing of optimum asphalt content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A problem that most urban cities in developing countries suffer from the shortage of lands for suitable waste disposal in the world, especially in fast-growing cities, in0cluding Iraq. The process of solid waste management is considered complex and increasingly dangerous over time. The landfill is the most common type of solid waste disposal. In order to select a landfill site suitable for the population and the environment, several researchers have created and implemented various approaches and criteria. The major goal of this research was to come up with a generic approach for selecting landfill sites by compiling and cataloging the various methodologies and criteria that have been created throughout the years. Four basic sets of criteria have been discovered and summarized. For selecting the most common landfill sites used in the selection process, which include proximity, social, economic, environmental, and engineering criteria after comparing and summarizing studies published in various scientific journals. The strategies ranged primarily on environmental and engineering criteria with some being comprehensive which included social and economic factors. The most significant factors to consider when selecting sanitary landfill locations were, roads, water bodies, urban settlements, slope, soil type, power lines, railways, and land uses. However, there is still a lack of objective evaluation of these selection approaches; most research currently uses Geographical information system (GIS) in addition to multi-decision analysis to identify landfill sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) chemical sensor is developed by coating the QCM sensor surface with a sensitive layer. QCM chemical sensor has been used to detect odors from agricultural products, breath, aromatic compounds, and many gases. The QCM sensor has been reported as an instrument to distinguish robusta or arabica coffee. In industry, the aroma of coffee is tested by trained aroma experts which is difficult to replicate because few people have sensitive senses of smell and taste. Industries engaged in the coffee business need a coffee aroma testing system to substitute aroma organoleptic experts. None has reported a sensor to detect a specific coffee odor according to the coffee aroma wheel. In this work, we show that a QCM sensor is a candidate of a coffee aroma sensor. The sensor was coated using polystyrene by a spin coating method. The sensors are installed in a static headspace chamber and showed a response to the aroma of coffee pulp, roasted coffee, and blackcurrant but did not respond to a coffee blossom aroma according to the coffee aroma wheel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most serious problems is soil erosion serious global environmental problem that is affected by several factors, including natural and human. Over the years, various models have been developed to simulate the prediction of estimating soil erosion and sediment yields under a wide range of conditions. The application of these models generally depends on the type of soil and climate in a particular area because the models differ in complexity and input requirements. In this paper, we review almost all models used in estimating soil erosion and its applications, in addition to a comprehensive and detailed review of all studies conducted during the past two decades to predict soil erosion and estimate the amount of sediment generated by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasingly complex power network and the massive use of power electronics and non-linear loads in both industrial and residential areas have led to increased power quality risks. Maintaining and improving power quality (PQ) requires proper identification and classification of power quality disturbances (PQDs). In traditional methods, feature engineering is the key to the identification and classification of PQDs, but it is a strenuous, tedious, and time-consuming endeavor. This paper proposes the development of convolutional neural networks to identify and classify various types of PQDs. The proposed architecture has five stages where each stage contains a 2×1-D convolutional layer, a maxpool layer, and a batch normalization layer. This architecture can realize the extraction and selection of the best features automatically while classifying 15 types of PQDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is a better long-term water supply option when the weather is dry. An evaluation, development and suitable usage of it should be given more attention. In dry and semi-arid locations, groundwater is the primary source of water. Groundwater management becomes much more difficult in these places since there is a dearth of data. In order to determine how much groundwater may be used, groundwater recharge is critical to the process. Groundwater recharge rates have been studied extensively using a variety of approaches. This page offers an overview of the criteria that have been accepted and how they affect the outcomes. A review of previous research on methods for calculating the quantity of groundwater recharged, as well as an explanation of the features of each approach, is then presented. Prior research focused mostly on the geology and slope of the land, soil, land use/cover, lineaments, and drainage. The water table fluctuation (WTF) approach was determined to be the most widely employed method in the prior research evaluated. There is a high degree of accuracy in the data, although digging wells in the region is required to determine the depth of the ground water. In addition, it is considered the soil water balance method, a common method, and it gives accurate results and does not require drilling wells in the study area. It is the goal of this study to advise on the most appropriate methods for future groundwater recharge research. A multi-method strategy has been shown to be effective in much prior research in order to obtain more robust results and compare data collected at various scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of CO2 and SO2 gases is crucial because they are indicators of volcanic eruption activity. The release of CO2 from the volcano with an increasing concentration is an indicator that an eruption will occur, while the increase in the release of SO2 occurs after the eruption of Merapi. Currently, studies on the detection of volcanic gases are still using the in-situ technique where the gas will be taken directly at the source and then analyzed in the laboratory. This is of course very dangerous for the safety of the monitor and also the durability of the tool because the contact system is reactive and corrosive. This study developed a non-contact CO2 and SO2 gas detection system using an infrared camera. The infrared camera produces optical imaging with the unique characteristics of both CO2 and SO2 gases. A new challenge in gas detection using optical imaging is when CO2 and SO2 are mixed. However, it was re-reported in this study that mixed gas optical imaging produces certain unique patterns as an indication of gas detection with a non-contact system designed to detect gas in single gas or mixed gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonlinear cholera mathematical model is formulated and analyzed by incorporating awareness, vaccination and sanitation. Cholera is an infectious disease which is transmitted by water and food that has been contaminated by human waste. The existence of the equilibria and the stability of equilibria for the model are studied and investigated thoroughly. The basic reproduction number (R0) for simple cholera model is calculated. The disease-free equilibria (DFE) of the model is locally as well as globally asymptotically stable with some restriction on parameters, whenever R0 < 1. The endemic equilibria of the system exist and locally asymptotically stable with certain conditions, whenever R0 > 1. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to know the key parameters that affects the basic reproduction number that can be regulated in order to control the Cholera infections. Also, the numerical simulation is presented to support the analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]