Search

This study identified the genetic polymorphisms of seven plant isolates (S2 to S8) and assessed their ribosomal sequence phylogenetic distribution. This study amplified one genetic locus covering part of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–ITS2) rRNA sequences. The amplified genetic locus PCR amplicons were sequenced directly. A comprehensive phylogenetic tree was then constructed in the observed variants for these plant sequences to show accurate phylogenetic distances and other relative sequences. Our sequencing reactions identified seven plant species: Silybum marianum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Melilotus indicus, Lolium rigidium, Lolium temulentum, Phragmites australis, and Avena fatua. G302A was the only ribosomal variation found in Lolium rigidum. The current comprehensive tree placed the investigated samples in seven phylogenetic clades. The phylogenetic tree showed that this ribosomal variation was minor within the identified clade, which included our S5 sample. Ribosomal sequences showed that Lolium rigidum and Lolium temulentum had close phylogenetic distances and high homology. Phragmites australis had the most diverse phylogenetic distribution of all samples. In the current tree, Silybum marianum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Melilotus indicus, Phragmites australis, and Avena fatua had diverse phylogenetic clades. In conclusion, the current tree served as an all-inclusive tool that ensured the correct identification of the tested samples of the researched plant. Therefore, the use of the PCR-sequencing approach in the samples that were analysed has produced evidence that corroborated the samples' identities and shown the pattern of their phylogenetic distribution. This kind of diversity that was seen for these plant species may imply that it is possible to use the existing ITS1-ITS2 rRNA sequences in the precise identification and discrimination of a broad range of additional plant sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of using plant extracts of milk thistle and peppermint based on whey as natural sources of biologically active substances is proved. pH values and freezing point of milk thistle and peppermint extracts were determined, a Spectrophotometric method using Folin-Denis phosphor-molybdenum reagent was applied to determine the content of total phenols in plant extracts. The content of phenolic compounds in extracts of milk thistle and peppermint was analyzed. The dynamics of the total phenol yield was calculated, and graph dependencies were obtained. the highest yield values of phenolic compounds is achieved with a ratio of raw materials to extractant 1:8. According to the results of the experiments, it is optimal to extract dry milk thistle fruits and crushed peppermint leaves for 1 hour at a temperature of 55-60 °C. It was found that the extracts obtained based on cheese whey contain more phenols, which is due to the chemical composition of the extractant and the presence of polyphenolic compounds-flavonoids in the raw materials used for extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction study of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. was held in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens in a subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type of the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC). Biological features of plant and seed development of the samples from different ecological and geographical conditions were identified. The samples of Silybum marianum from Donetsk Botanical Garden (No. 115) and natural populations of the SCC (No. 4715), which showed themselves to be earlier ripe, differ in the highest indicators of laboratory germination of 85-92%. A comparative analysis of the oil content of seeds and the fatty-acid profile of milk thistle oil showed that its maximum content in fruits (26.15%) and essential fatty linoleic acid (47.14%) accumulates in more full-weight seeds with a mass of 1000 pcs. – 27.4 ± 0.19 g. in Silybum marianum sample No. 4715. Sample No. 1515, introduced from Volgograd, is of interest in breeding work as a donor of oleic fatty acid (omega-9), which makes up the maximum values in oil (34.95%). It was found that the sample from Poland (No. 1715) is not promising for the SCC, since it is a later-maturing form of this crop, which requires additional moisture supply in a dry subtropical climate. Under equal experimental conditions, this sample was distinguished by the lowest indicators of all morpho-biological traits studied, including the qualitative features of seeds: minimum weight of 1000 pieces (23.1 ± 0.18 g), low germination energy (23-25%), laboratory and field germination (below 50%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the question of the protein content in the diet of the population over 60 has acquired particular relevance. It has been found that older people need more protein than young, which is associated with age-related changes. The aim of the study was to develop a recipe for a muffin of gerodietetic purpose, considering the high demand for flour confectionery goods among the aged and the need for a high level of protein consumption for them. A protein component was modeled based on a mixture of milk protein concentrate and high-protein flour from sunflower shrot, which has a complete set of amino acids that meet the requirements for a reference protein. The use of a simulated protein component in the muffin recipe composition is proposed, which contributes to an increase in the content of complete protein. The introduction of milk thistle seedling sublimate provides the content of silymarin - a natural composition of biologically active substances in the finished product. A modification of the muffin's carbohydrate profile has been carried out, which consists in replacing wheaten flour with a composition containing rye-oat flour, as well as in excluding a part of sugar and introducing an ingredient that does not cause a hyperglycemic effect - a sweetener trehalose. This allows the developed product to be positioned as goods of gerodietetic purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a quantitative determination of the number of flavonoids by spectrophotometry analysis in the leaves of Silybum marianum depending on the level of mineral nutrition. Also using the HPLC-UV method, 2 flavones-apigenin and luteolin-were identified. As a result, patterns of accumulation of flavonoids in Silybum marianum leaves from the regime of mineral nutrition were revealed. The maximum accumulation of flavonoids occurs when phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are introduced into the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silybum marianum L. is used for the production of silymarin, a flavonoid utilized for regenerating damaged hepatic tissues. Herein, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and polysaccharides content (PC) in the roots, main stems, leaves, fruit receptacles, and pappi of Silybum marianum were determined. The antioxidant activities of plant ethanol extracts were assessed to validate the medicinal potential of the various plant parts. The pappi exhibited the highest TFC (17.10 mg rutin/g of dry plant material), followed by the fruit receptacles (15.34 mg/g). The PC varied from 3.57±0.23 to 11.02±0.35 mg glucose/g dry plant material; the highest PC was obtained from the roots. At 50 ug/mL, the pappi ethanol extract showed the highest 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (69.68%), followed by the roots (66.02%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]