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This research analyzes the problem of choosing a location for conducting infantry river crossing using the aluminum boat M70, applying the multicriteria decision-making method. It has been found that the use of these models significantly accelerates and simplifies the decision-making process, contributing to efficiency and speed in the process itself. At the same time, a comparison was made between the results obtained using multicriteria decision-making methods and the opinions of experts in the field of overcoming water obstacles. The research conclusions emphasize that multicriteria decision-making methods are highly reliable for decision-making, especially in the context of military operations. The focus of the research is on the significance of applying multicriteria methods, which opens up new perspectives for analyzing and improving the application of such models in real conditions. The applied multicriteria decision-making model consists of two phases. The first phase involves defining the weighting coefficients of criteria using the DIBR (Defining Interrelationships Between Ranked criteria) method. In the second phase, the best alternative is chosen using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. This research not only supports efficient and comprehensive planning in military operations but also further confirms the relevance and usability of multicriteria decision-making methods in wartime conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving outdated technologies have empowered the development plan to establish judgement methods to solve real life problems. A community of end-users, such as military and civilian command and control experts, developers, engineers, and specialists, intended to help the Blended Reality (MR) environment. The Virtual Tool creates a coordination of individuals who frequently stand over a table or maybe a workbench as part of their proficient routine for the "real" work environment. The preliminary analysis indicates that the military applications called VIRTSIM system of virtual reality, which are (i) Inaccuracy and reliability of the data, (ii) Difficulties between terrain and simulator, (iii) False interpretation on Simulator and accessories, and (iv) What are the prospects of the proposed structure. Therefore, this research study will compare the future military in mixed reality design and compare the simulator model and prototype that applied for military rehearsal. The adaptation of simulator techniques such as intuitive interaction techniques (manipulation, scaling, movement, and selection), simulator details (synthesis, zooming and filtration, and particulars on demand), and simulator variables (touch sensor, replica weapon, position, and orientation) in the VIRTSIM system to help military commander make the effective practice. The research methodology of the design process is the User-Centered Design (UCD) model in which user involvement influences how a design takes shape throughout the design process. In conclusion, the evaluation of the VIRTSIM system indicate positive results to improve military rehearsal and help the commander make decision-making with appropriate planning and hone military tactical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the use of ISR structures in conventional operations in the context of national resilience, in an era of unpredictability of the security environment and the current presence of a regional conflict, inevitably becomes a mandatory concern for both support and decision-makers at all hierarchical levels and from all categories of troops. The development of a national defense position can be achieved through a flexible and robust ISR system, permanently adapted to the requirements of modern conflicts. Understanding how ISR capabilities can be used in conventional operations by addressing the principles, disciplines and collection systems is a key element in understanding the contribution of ISR to national resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current and future military confrontations require adaptive forces, moving rapidly from specific, lethal and high-intensity combat operations to stabilization and reconstruction operations or, conversely, from stability operations to kinetic ones. In fact, many times, military actions will take place simultaneously, at several levels of intensity and along the spectrum of the conflict. Thus, this article presents aspects that show that the current operational environment is the space of "military competition", which will be marked by confrontations in a gray area, between "war and peace", and in this area the military forces must have the necessary capabilities to carry out several and various types of missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and development are targeted to development new products, new solutions and creates knowledge. Security environment, policies and strategies were analysed in the paper, in order to identify factors that affect military R&D. The last four years of R&D Sectoral Plan were analysed in a comprehensive study, analysing also key players and mechanisms for financing the Romanian military R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2001 Quadrennial U.S. Defense Review, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced that the Department of Defense would henceforth use capabilitiesbased planning to guide the development of the armed forces. The popularity of the idea spread to many allied countries that also embraced the concept. However, the successful implementation of the method has been hindered by a number of factors: lack of an agreed lexicon, confusion in many defense organizations to the degree to which "threats" are used, inattention to policy priorities, heavy institutional analytical requirements, and a lack of acknowledgement of the importance money must play in any planning system. The paper concludes that whilst elements of the method are well-suited to providing objective data in support of senior leadership's decision-making; alone, it is insufficient to drive planning, which is inherently a political process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to show the place and role of integrated human resources management in the defense planning process of the Romanian Army. I will focus on presenting some milestones in the defense planning process in the actual security environment from human resources perspectives. Then, I will highlight the important the place and role of integrated human resources management processes in the defense planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of 1918 the Middle East strategy of Germany was entirely connected to Georgia's foreign policy after signing the agreement at Poti on May 28, 1918. It was already clear that unleashed aspirations (plan of Turan and strong desire of taking over the south Caucasus) of Ottoman Empire were to finish. Undoubtedly, Germany was against the invasion of the south Caucasus by Turkey. That's why Germany demanded from Turkey to stop the further military expansion in Transcaucasia. They recommended Turkish instead of military aggression to negotiate with newly formed states, speak about contentious political issues and find common ground. Turkey did not like Germans' attitude towards their vulnerable issues. The second stage of the Georgian-German negotiation took place in Berlin. The main aim of Georgian delegation was Germany to recognize Georgia's independence and its statehood, Germans welcomed this idea but certain detrimental political changes in autumn of 1918 worsened the situation and the issue remained unresolved. Despite Germany's failure, the German-Georgian cooperation, however unequal and short-lived, proved to be highly beneficial for the young Georgian republic. As exactly in this period Georgia was recognized as „De facto" and „De jure" by more than twenty counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the issue of transformations in public consciousness followed by behavioral change in the context where the mature public values are required to be refocused, particularly, during the government's aggressive foreign policy aimed at capturing another country's territory and resources. Foremost, the tools of military propaganda are discussed in terms of various linguistic means used, from euphemisms to a new language created, although there is a possibility of other means of manipulation, less aggressive but no less effective. The role of a political leader who symbolizes new values and creates a compelling positive image of all that is happening is pointed out. The methods to manipulate the consciousness provided by the media are analyzed: the possibility of copying ideas, ensuring intensive information flows which impede to analyze the transmitted information. It should be highlighted that linguistic impact affects not only the rational sphere of consciousness, but also on the unconscious, emotions, imagination, which fundamentally changes the human motivation. The authors apply the analytical method and systematic approach in reviewing the influence of military propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main task of Defence Resource Management System (DRMS) is to further institutionalize the efficient and transparent Resource Management System at the Ministry of Defense of Georgia. The paper describes the main principles of DRMS policy, planning processes, purpose and responsibilities, also basic stages of budget development, as well as basic and supportive structural subdivisions, roles of Management Team (MT) and their functions and obligations in the process of elaboration and execution of the budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every country must develop individual capacity to resist crisis or armed attack. In XXI century near 70 years after initialled the North Atlantic Treaty, threats and challenges call European countries in raise awareness to training and educating further non-military defence resources. The process cannot be done by military education institutions or for military personnel only. Educational efforts must start in high schools and continuing through public administration up to the highest authorities responsible for national defence. Dependence of the state defence preparations and collective defence to education for security is presented by Polish experience in specific geopolitical situation XXI century. Regional situation of eastern border countries of EU and NATO is diametrically different than at the end of XX century, therefore, every country must redefine education of societies for non-military preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk evaluation and its mitigation is very important aspect in resources management. It is more significant in Military environment due to scarce resources and less reaction time for switching over to new substitutes. Successful planning invariably includes strong risk management strategies. In Military set ups, precise and accurate decisions are mandatory because failure of campaign may cause vulnerable and even unrecoverable losses to nation and country. Leadership is not about glorious crowning acts rather it's about making right decisions, keeping all anticipated risks in view, especially when stakes are high and consequences really matter. Caring risks means guarding objectives, sailing smoothly with and through challenging obstacles and most significantly, projecting Military organization with safety, as its cultural asset. The aim is to help commanders to accurately assess risks in Military environment in an incremental and comprehensive way. c 2018. Created by Wing Commander Aurangzeb Sipra. Peer-review under responsibility of the DRESMARA, Brasov (Romania). Keywords: Mitigation, successful planning, accurate decisions, unrecoverable losses, consequences, challenging obstacles, cultural asset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBES) system is a process used to allocate and use defense resources. Starting from the question of whether PPBES is an efficient and effective way of planning and spending resources for the Ministry of Defense, this paper identifies the advantages and disadvantages of implementing PPBES in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic workforce planning, as a significant part of human capital management, helps organizations to have proper staff with the necessary skills and competencies to achieve strategic goals in defense planning. However, it may also turn into a challenging process for many defense organizations when competency mismatch becomes a matter of discussion. In this study, firstly we define basic but transformed concepts of capability based defense planning. And then we try to present applicable solutions for competency mismatch incidents in this highly significant process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operating concepts are multipurpose and comprehensive elements. They are not used only as one of the starting points to required future capabilities of the armed forces but they also form the foundation of military doctrines. They also represent a basic for the lower degree operating concepts, or the institutional or functional concepts. They unify the joint efforts and principal directions towards the achievement of future goals and missionns of the armed forces. Upon aligning the existing and required capabilities in the Defense Planning Process (DPP) it is not possible to eliminate all riscks. Under restricted availability of resources it is necessary to focus the efforts on the priorities of the development of the capabilities addressing the most probable riscks and riscks with the highest impact. The paper focuses on the position and role of the operating concepts in the defense planning process and their importance for mid-and long-term planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has implemented a 'comprehensive approach' in Somalia, a country now considered as the paradigm of a failed state, that tries to assess the situation from different angles and perspectives. Two fundamental parts of that approach are the fields of security and development. This essay sheds light on how these grounds interact in the frame of the 'comprehensive approach' by analysing to what extent the European Union development aid contributes to enhance security in the country. In order to do so, this work studies the nature of the European Union 'comprehensive approach' and the specific programmes that are implemented in the Horn of Africa region and Western Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and development discover solutions and creates knowledge. Security environment, policies and strategies were analysed in the paper, in order to identify factors that affect military R&D. The last five years of R&D Sectoral Plan were analysed in a thorough study, analysing also key players and mechanisms for financing the Romanian military R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian economy is linked with worldwide economies, thus meaning that the international financial crisis affected also Romania. These reflected on GDP which by extent reflected also upon figures allocated to programs, which in turn had a major impact upon defence planning. We have to admit the transcendence of the good and bad things of the global economy to the individual economies, Romania not being an exception. At that time Romania was engaged in the process of the European integration, one dimension of it being the financial one, meaning that it cannot be secluded from the crisis impact. With a fully current account liberalized, convertibility and high openness of the economy towards world economy, in terms of foreign trade, during a crisis with such a geographical extension, there is no doubt that some well-known vulnerabilities are perceived strongly by investors and analysts. A balanced approach of internal factors which can be under the pressure of the transmission channels bringing external shocks is more appropriate for the judgment of the possible domestic outcomes of the present crisis, either in financial field or economic one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initiating a major acquisition program is a very sensitive process, not only because of the money involved but also because its role in defense planning. Correlating the mission's needs with the system to be acquired requires a sum of very specific and detailed documents. Identifying different systems that are satisfying the beneficiary requirements is the first step in this process. Behind this activity is an extensive research and expertise that allow defining the technical requirements derived from the missions needs. The role played by the research and technologies organizations has to be very important in this stage. This papers presents the steps for initiating a major acquisitions program accentuating the importance of science and technology involved and analyses some scenarios in order to emphases the conclusions derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise cost estimation of military equipment plays an essential role in all military acquisition plans. The best opportunities to achieve significant cost benefits occur during the early concept development and design phase of any project. The concept of the life cycle of an asset provides a framework to document and compare alternatives. The framework for using LCC as a tool throughout the Rmania MOD military aquisition phases exixts. Nevertheless the experience in major acquisition programme and LCC estimates is yet very young to transform the results and data colected into statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influencing opponent by manipulative techniques is a concept that finds its roots in ancient historical sources and has been proven to be an essential component in planning and conducting military actions. Lessons learned from the WW1, WW2, Iraqi and Afghanistan TO shows that manipulative techniques is a very powerful weapon when it comes to prepare armed forces for winning the battle using different resources, tools and techniques adapted to the specific and characteristics of your opponent. The manipulative techniques are not a tool used only by the military planners but you may recognize in many others domains as economics, politics, marketing having the same aim, to influence people`s actions in a desirable way in order to achieve predicted objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In military planning, resources are never enough to achieve all that leaders want to do with the desired minimal level of risk. In addition, since the end of the "cold war", the military has faced a constant stream of new challenges. Now, rather than being prepared to face old threats in conventional warfare scenarios, military must be prepared to respond to a larger number of more diverse scenarios with varied attributes and to do so in circumstances involving complex and uncertain risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defence Resource Management System (DRMS) represents the tool to establish and develop short and mid-term planning within the Defence system in Georgia. The paper describes general overview of DRMS process and its principles, authority, purpose, organization and responsibilities. This paper explains phases of PPBS - planning, programming, budgeting and execution by defining steps, responsible office, and guideline documents and explicates roles of Management Team (MT) and their functions in defence resource management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National security depends on accessibility of energy resources according to their type, amount and military necessities where they are located. Military institutions, as the guards of national security, have to consider limited energy resources and dependence on foreign resources while planning the resources. The literature review has shown that the strategic dimension of energy and the security of energy supply are constantly emphasized. It is also seen that main emphasis is still on fossil resources as if they are infinite. In this study, countries which place major emphasis on energy while planning defense resources and adapt innovative methods to develop defense systems and modernization are examined in detail. It is aimed to reveal the significance of alternative energy resources and present different methods to ensure energy sustainability in DRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SAS-081 Specialist Team on the Analytic Implications of the NATO Defence Planning Process(NDPP) was formed to the review of current best practices in operations analysis support to national defence planning. The aim was to support the identification of common approaches with relevance to the NDPP. This both provided participants with insight and understanding of contemporary approaches and issues within national and NATO defence planning, and allowed the identification of emerging best practice that is being fed into evolving NATO analytic processes. The Specialist Team considered five key themes of immediate relevance to the evolution of analytic support to the NDPP, specifically: • Use of scenario-based analysis and definition of the scenario space; • Methodologies for identification and definition of required capabilities, including gaps and redundancies; • Approaches to capability balancing and risk assessment; • Prioritisation of capability shortfalls or gaps; • Introduction of novel concepts / solutions. National approaches within each of these areas were collated and compared, and general conclusions agreed that formed the basis for a set on recommendations on analytic implications for consideration by the NDPP decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the global effort to eliminate nuclear weapons. It states that nuclear disarmament requires legislators and military planners to have a different approach. It notes the methods and procedures for verification that need to address specific issues that are receiving critical reviews and assessment. It points on the importance of robust authentication methods and the creation of a body that will advise state leaders as they eliminate their nuclear arsenals.

The purpose of this paper is to interpret an American military media strategy designed for the Iraq war from a perspective drawing on recent theoretical discussions of space and time. The material consists of a short white paper that was declassified under the Freedom of Information Act and published by the NSA in 2007. It outlines a 'Rapid Reaction Media Team' which was tasked with designing and implementing the US-led media system at the onset of war in March 2003. Despite aiming to create a 'balanced and fair' public service television network equivalent to the BBC or PBS, the $100 million budget was derived from the $87.5 billion military budget, with the Department of Defense overseeing implementation. Hence there was a fundamental contradiction between the stated intentions of the network as a provider of balanced news and its broader position within US military objectives. The RRMT plan reveals a series of strategies, inherent conflicts, and assumptions which can be seen to enact forms of structural and symbolic violence complimentary to that of the military. By this, I mean that it sheds light on sophisticated strategies for the 'transposition' of military force to the discursive sphere; for the exertion of violence by other means in US attempts to manage perceptions of the war. In a fundamental sense, the RRMT strategy uses media as an extension of warfare, and this paper will look at how 'actual' violence was transferred from the military battlefield to the discursive. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation describes the application of the Law of Conservation of Volupower as a Nation-State Global Power Descriptor (NSGPD) in the domain of the nuclear power. Our previous work defined the Law of Conservation of Volupower and showed that the law is applicable to physical systems as well as complex economic and military systems (Aleinikov & Smarsh, 2007). Our next work expanded the concept of Volupower as a universal basis of comparing different nation-states and delineated the five-step process to analyze a nation-state system, then furthered this work to define Volupower as a Nation-State Global Power Descriptor for the particular countries (Aleinikov & Smarsh, 2008). This particular research addresses a different application of Volupower that is applied as a Global Nuclear Tenet. Volupower expands the Bartini/Kuznetsov LT system of interpretation of laws of physics (Bartini, 1963, 1965, 2005; Kuznetsov, 2000) and builds up on the two laws introduced by Aleinikov (Aleinikov, 2006 - 2008). The Law of Conservation of Volupower states that under ideal/unchanging conditions Volupower (volume spread of power) remains constant. The formula for Volupower is Vlp = P · S³ = const (where Vlp is Volupower, P is Power, S is Distance). The unit of Volupower, called Smar (in honor of David Smarsh - one of the discoverers of the Law), is used to measure and compare the Volupower of nation-states and specifically the Volupower of the nuclear strategic arsenal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]