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Reading comprehension is essential for students' ability to build knowledge. Students' comprehension abilities can be enhanced by providing students with deliberate practice and formative feedback on reading comprehension strategies. iSTART is an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that is designed to provide instruction in reading strategies with minimal teacher supervision -- affording the ability to teach reading strategies at scale. In the current study, undergraduate students received reading strategy instruction and opportunities for deliberate practice via the iSTART intelligent tutoring system or not (i.e., no-treatment control group). Participants' reading comprehension and psychology knowledge were assessed. The iSTART group demonstrated substantially greater scores than the control group on a post-training reading comprehension measure (Cohen's d > 1.0). The average psychology knowledge scores did not differ between iSTART (post-training) and control groups, but overall these scores were unexpectedly low. Within the iSTART group, there was no difference in reading comprehension and knowledge scores as a function of students' different behaviors in the system. Overall, the results indicate that iSTART is an effective tool to teach reading strategies at large scale. However, further work is required to test the extent to which iSTART supports knowledge building. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings of Learning @ Scale conference (L@S '24)," ACM, 2024.]

In this paper, we present iSTART-Early, an intelligent tutoring system that provides automated instruction and practice on higher-order reading comprehension strategies to 3rd and 4th grade students. iSTART-Early provides personalized, interactive, game-based strategy instruction and practice on comprehension strategies (i.e., Ask It, Reword It, Find It, Explain It, and Summarize It) with grade-appropriate informational texts. Natural language processing (NLP) combined with automated speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech technologies enable immediate formative and summative feedback. A teacher interface allows teachers to assign texts and monitor students' performance so that they can provide additional support and feedback when necessary, creating blended-learning opportunities. We describe the interface and the development of iSTART-Early, as well as our plans to examine the intelligent tutoring system for usability, feasibility and promise in improving reading comprehension strategies and outcomes for young readers. [This paper was published in: S. Crossley and E. Popescu, Eds., "ITS 2022, LNCS 13284," Springer Nature, 2022, pp.371-379.]